slides

1. TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN ANIMALS : UNIT 1
BY L.G MAMBANE
RAuNSTRANSPO SYSTEMS IN ANIMALS
PORT SYSTEMS IN ANIMALS

2. CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS IN ANIMALS
 Many invertebrates do not have a circulatory system
at all.
 Their cells are close enough to their environment for
oxygen, other gases, nutrients, and waste products to
simply diffuse out of and into their cells.
 E. g Hydra
CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS IN ANIMALS

3. CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS IN ANIMALS

4. CLOSED-
 Circulate blood entirely within vessels.
 So the blood is distinct from the interstitial fluid.
 Chemical exchange occurs between the blood and interstitial fluid as well as
between interstitial fluid and body cells.

5. OPEN-
 The circulatory fluid – Hemolymph (is the same as interstitial tissue fluid)
 The heart pumps hemolymph through vessels into sinuses (open fluid-filled
spaces)
 Certain substances are exchanged between the hemolymph and the cells.
 Hemolymph returns to the heart through pores.
The heart is a tubular structure.

6. THE HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM:
HEART AND ASSOCIATED VESSELS
 Mammals have a four-chambered heart with two atria and two ventricles
 The left side of the heart pumps and receives only oxygen-rich blood, while the
right side receives and pumps only oxygen-poor blood
 The mammalian cardiovascular system meets the body’s continuous demand for
O2.
 Blood begins its flow when deoxygenated blood flow from the body into the right
atrium.

7. CONTINUES…..
 Blood then flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the
tricuspid valve
 The blood is then pumped into lungs, through the semilunar valve via the
pulmonary artery.
 In the lungs, the blood loads O2 and unloads CO2.
 Blood then flows into the left ventricle through the bicuspid valve.

8. CONTINUES…
 This blood is then pumped through semilunar valve into the aorta with takes blood to
the entire body.
 Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the superior vena cava (blood from
head, neck, and forelimbs) and inferior vena cava (blood from trunk and hind limbs)
 The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava flow into the right atrium.
 The atrioventricular (AV) valves (tricuspid and bicuspid valves) separate each atrium
and ventricle

9. CONTINUES…
 The semilunar valves control blood flow to the aorta and the pulmonary artery.

10. THE EXTERNAL STRUCTURE:HUMAN
HEART

11. THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE:HUMAN
HEART

12. REFERENCES
Burton, A.c. and Rivert, A (20080).The Human circulatory sytem, available at
https://www.pmfias.com/circulatory-system-cardiac-cycle-double-circulation/
Tyler, S.w. and Glenn, G.M (2003). The structure of the human heart available at
https://humanbodyanatomy.co/the-structure-of-human-heart/the-structure-of-
human-heart-simple-internal-structure-of-human-heart-labelled-parts-on/