Enabling applications to really thrive (and not just survive) in cloud environments can be challenging. The original 12 factor app methodology helped to lay out some of the key characteristics needed for cloud-native applications... but... as our cloud infrastructure and tooling has progressed, so too have these factors. In this session we'll dive into the extended and updated 15 factors needed to build cloud native applications that are able to thrive in this environment, and we'll take a look at open source technologies and tools that can help us achieve this.

1. DEVELOPER ADVOCATE, IBM
GRACE, JANSEN
@gracejansen27
Going Beyond the 12
Factors
Thriving in the
Cloud:

3. What does the Cloud offer?
Co$t Speed
Speed
Speed
Speed
Speed
Speed
Resiliency
Innovation
Scalability
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4. @gracejansen27

5. 12 Factor Apps
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6. 12 Factor App Methodology
https://12factor.net/
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7. The original 12 factors:
1. Codebase
2. Dependencies
3. Configuration
4. Backing Services
5. Build, release, run
6. Processes
7. Port Binding
8. Concurrency
9. Disposability
10. Dev/prod parity
11. Logs
12. Admin Processes
@gracejansen27

8. Revised 15 factors
1. One Codebase, one application
2. API first
3. Dependency management
4. Design, build, release, and run
5. Configuration, credentials and code
6. Logs
7. Disposability
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/beyond-the-twelve-factor/9781492042631/
8. Backing services
9. Environment parity
10. Administrative processes
11. Port binding
12. Stateless processes
13. Concurrency
14. Telemetry
15. Authentication and authorization
@gracejansen27

9. Revised 15 factors
1. One Codebase, one application
2. API first
3. Dependency management
4. Design, build, release, and run
5. Configuration, credentials and code
6. Logs
7. Disposability
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/beyond-the-twelve-factor/9781492042631/
8. Backing services
9. Environment parity
10. Administrative processes
11. Port binding
12. Stateless processes
13. Concurrency
14. Telemetry
15. Authentication and authorization
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10. The Original
12 Factors
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11. 1. One codebase, one application
Production
Staging
Q/A
DevSecOps
Developer
Codebase
Deploys
1. CodeBase
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12. 1. One codebase, one application
1. CodeBase
Production
Staging
Q/A
DevSecOps
Developer
Codebase
Deploys
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13. 3. Dependency management
2. Dependencies
Application Source
Code
Makes use of…
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14. 3. Dependency management
2. Dependencies
Application Source
Code
Makes use of…
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15. 4. Design, build, release, run
5. Build, release, run
CI/CD
Design Build Release Run
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16. 4. Design, build, release, run
5. Build, release, run
CI/CD
Design Build Release Run
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17. 5. Configuration, credentials and code
3. Configuration
Application
Uses…
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18. 5. Configuration, credentials and code
3. Configuration
Application
Uses…
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-config.html
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19. 6. Logs
11. Logs
Message
Broker
Interested
Service
Interested
Service
Logger
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20. 6. Logs
11. Logs
Message
Broker
Interested
Service
Interested
Service
Logger
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21. 7. Disposability
9. Disposability
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
Carl the Cat
Cattle Pet
VS
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22. 7. Disposability
9. Disposability
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
Carl the Cat
Cattle Pet
VS
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-fallback.html
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23. 8. Backing Services
4. Backing Services
Application
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24. 8. Backing Services
4. Backing Services
Application
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25. 9. Environmental parity
10. Dev/Prod Parity
Development Q/A Production
= =
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26. 9. Environmental parity
10. Dev/Prod Parity
Development Q/A Production
= =
https://openliberty.io/guides/microshed-testing.html
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27. 10. Administrative processes
12. Admin Processes
https://openliberty.io/guides/kubernetes-intro.html
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28. 11. Port Binding
7. Port Binding
Service A Service B Service C
http://<a_dns>:3030 http://<another_dns>:4040 http://<som_other_dns>:5050
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29. 11. Port Binding
7. Port Binding
Service A Service B Service C
http://<a_dns>:3030 http://<another_dns>:4040 http://<som_other_dns>:5050
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30. 12. Stateless processes
6. Processes
Process A
Process B Process C Process D
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31. 12. Stateless processes
6. Processes
Process A
Process B Process C Process D
https://openliberty.io/guides/rest-intro.html
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32. 13. Concurrency
8. Concurrency
Web.1
Web.2
Worker.1
Worker.2
Worker.3
Worker.4
Clock.1
Workload diversity (process types)
Scale
(running
processes)
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33. 13. Concurrency
8. Concurrency
Web.1
Web.2
Worker.1
Worker.2
Worker.3
Worker.4
Clock.1
Workload diversity (process types)
Scale
(running
processes)
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34. Thriving in the
cloud through
the revised 15
factors
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35. 2. API first
NEW
Application Source
Code
Feedback
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36. 2. API first
NEW
Application Source
Code
Feedback
https://openliberty.io/guides/micro
profile-openapi.html
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37. 14. Telemetry
NEW
Application
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38. 14. Telemetry
NEW
Application
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-metrics.html https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-health.html
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39. 15. Authentication and authorization
NEW
Application
Authorised
User
Unauthorised
User
RBAC verification
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40. 15. Authentication and authorization
NEW
Application
Authorised
User
Unauthorised
User
RBAC verification
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-jwt.html
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41. Public or Private Cloud
App
Services
(database,
registry, …)
15-Factor App
App
Artefact repo
Image repo
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42. Public or Private Cloud
App
Services
(database,
registry, …)
1. One Codebase,
One Application
15-Factor App
3. Dependency Management
5. Configuration,
Credentials & Code
8. Backing services
4. Design, Build, release, run 11. Stateless Processes
App
11. Port binding
13. Concurrency
7. Disposability
9. Environmental
parity
6. Logs
10. Admin process
Artefact repo
Image repo
2. API First
14. Telemetry
15. Authentication
& Authorization
@gracejansen27

43. Public or Private Cloud
App
Services
(database,
registry, …)
1. One Codebase,
One Application
15-Factor App
3. Dependency Management
5. Configuration,
Credentials & Code
8. Backing services
4. Design, Build, release, run 11. Stateless Processes
App
11. Port binding
13. Concurrency
7. Disposability
9. Environmental
parity
6. Logs
10. Admin process
Artefact repo
Image repo
2. API First
14. Telemetry
15. Authentication
& Authorization
@gracejansen27

44. Public or Private Cloud
Kubernetes
Container
App
Container
Services
(database,
registry, …)
Code
Config
A Cloud-native instantiation
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45. Hands on
experience
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46. Interactive cloud-native labs
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47. Open Liberty Guides
https://openliberty.io/guides/

48. Summary
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49. Summary:
• Twelve-factor applications = great start
• But… to thrive in the cloud, we need to look beyond the 12 factors
• No excuses!
• Lots of open-source tools and technologies available to help
• Action: Evaluate your own applications against these 15 factors and
consider what you could do to enable them to truly thrive in the
cloud
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50. Useful Resources
• General:
• https://openliberty.io/blog/2019/09/05/12-factor-microprofile-kubernetes.html
• https://www.cdta.org/sites/default/files/awards/beyond_the_12-factor_app_pivotal.pdf
• https://developer.ibm.com/articles/creating-a-12-factor-application-with-open-liberty/
• Design, build, release, run:
• https://developer.ibm.com/devpractices/devops/patterns/make-continuous-delivery-easier-
with-tekton-dashboards/
• https://dzone.com/articles/deploying-microprofile-microservices-with-tekton
• Logging:
• https://developer.ibm.com/videos/use-json-logging-in-open-liberty/
• https://developer.ibm.com/videos/send-open-liberty-logs-to-elastic-stack/
• https://openliberty.io/blog/2021/02/10/ocp-log-forwarding.html
• https://community.ibm.com/community/user/communities/community-
home/librarydocuments/viewdocument?DocumentKey=65596910-8d01-48d2-a99e-
d94794d022af
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51. Useful Resources
• Stateless Processes:
• https://openliberty.io/guides/sessions.html
• Concurrency:
• https://developer.ibm.com/technologies/containers/tutorials/autoscale-
application-on-kubernetes-cluster/
• Authentication and Authorisation:
• https://openliberty.io/blog/2021/03/26/MP-JWT-1.2.html
• https://openliberty.io/blog/2020/09/04/securing-open-liberty-azure.html
• Open Liberty Tools:
• https://openliberty.io/blog/2021/04/21/admin-center-21004.html
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52. Connect with us
https://www.linkedin.com/company/openlibertyio/ https://twitter.com/OpenLibertyIO

53. THANK YOU
@gracejansen27