Pediatric nursing-100-golden-points-

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Staff Nurse Preparation
Important Key Points
Child Health Nursing
(Pediatric Nursing)
(100+ key points)
1. Postnatal period - Growing stages
👍Neonate (0-28 days (4 weeks)
Early Neonate - First 7 days of life
Late neonate is 8- 28 days of life.
👍Infant - 1 year of life.(29 day to 12
month)
👍Toddler- 1 to 3 yrs
👍Pre schooler ( early childhood) 3 -6
years.
👍Schooler (middle childhood) 6 - 12
years (girls(6-10,boys 6-12)
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👍Adolescence- 12- 16 years (girls12-
14yrs,boys14-16 yrs)
2. Total blood volume of a newborn at
birth is 80 ml/kg.
3. The best indicator for health &
nutritional status of children is- weight.
4. At the age of 2 months tears start to
appear.
5. Normal BP at birth is 80/50 mmHg.
6. The weight of brain in neonate is 300
- 500gm which double in 1 year.
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7. The normal heart rate of an infant is
110 -160 bpm.
8. The average normal respiratory rate
in new borne is 40 Breaths/minutes.
9. 48- 72 hours after birth is best time
to give first bath to new born.
10. Infants birth weight doubles in 5-6
months & triples in 12 month.
11. The normal height of healthy baby
is 18 -20 Inch (45- 50 cm)
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12. Infant height double (100 cm) of
birth height (50 cm) at 4 years.
13. Birth height triples at 13 years (150
cm).
14. Low birth weight (LBW)- Less than
2500gm(2.5kg).
15. Very low birth weight (VLBW) - Less
than 1500gm(1.5 kg)
16. Extremely low birth weight is -
below 1000 gm (1 kg).
17. IgA & Lysozyme present in milk
provide immunity to newborn.
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18. Para Amino Benzoic acid present
in breast milk which protect the baby
from malaria for a few weeks.
19. Apgar score PERFORMED at 1 & 5
Minute of birth.
20. Apgar score includes A=
Appearance ,P= Pulse ,G =
Griamace(reflex), A = Activity (muscle
tone)
R= Respiratory Efforts( Respiratory rate)
21. Apgar score 7-10 is good to
excellent ( no depression)
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22. Apgar score- 4 - 6 means Mild
depression (fair)
23. Apgar score less than 4 means
Severe depression (poor)
24. Pathological Jaundice occurs within
24 hours after birth.
25. Physiological Jaundice occurs a
after 24 hour to within 7 days of life.
26. Phenobarbitone drug is used in
Jaundice to decrease level of bilirubin.
27. The choice of treatment for
physiological jaundice is Phototherapy.
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28. Exchange blood transfusion is
choice of treatment for pathological
jaunidce.
29. Eye and genatalia of baby is
covered to protect from radiation.
30. During phototherapy light source
should be keep away 45 CM.
31. Blue light used in phototherapy.
32. Optimum temperature of pediatric
ward should be 28℃.
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33. "Abraham jacob" is known as father
of Pediatric.
34. Minimum area provided to infant into
hospital is 100 Square feet or 10 Meter
Square.
35. Brachydactylia is Abnormal
shortness of the fingers & toes.
36. Trisomy 21 also also called Down
Syndrome & Mongolism.
37. G6PD deficeincy causes premature
destruction of RBC.
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38. Anterior fontannel is diamond
shaped & closes between 9 to 18
month.
39. Foraman ovale is a temporary
opening between the both atria of
the heart.
40. Normal capillary refill time is less
than 2 seconds .
41. Tetrology of fallot is a cogenital
malformation of the heart & great blood
vessels.
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42. Crying will increase workload on
heart postoperatively & may cause
hypoxia.
43. Clubbing of nails is a common
findings in -Cynotic heart disease.
44. Rheumatic fever is caused by Group
A beta hemolytic streptococcus.
45. Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory
autoimmune disease that affects the
connective tissue of the heart & joints.
46. Mitral valve is most commonly
affected heart valve in Rheumatic fever.
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47. "3 C's ( Coughing
,Chocking,Cynosis) is characteristics of
Tracheoesophageal fistula.
48. Lactose intolerance is an inability to
digest milk & some dairy products
(lactose containing priducts ) due to
deficiency of lactase.
49. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a
congenital,autosomal recessive disease
in which body fail to metabolize the
amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosin.
50. Celiac disease is a gluten protein
intolerance disorder.
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51. Gluten protein mainly present in
wheat,rye, barley.
52. Celiac disease also known as Gee -
Thaysen Disease. & Gluten sensitivity
enteropathy.
53. Celiac disease affects small
intestine.
54. Projectile vomiting is clinical feature
of Pyloric stenosis.
55. Currant jelly like stool is a classic
manifestation of Intussusception.
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56. Diarrhoea upto 10 loose stools per
day called severe diarrhoea.
57. Episodes of acute diarrhoea that
last for 2 weeks or more called
persistent diarrhea.
58. Diarrhea with watery stool & visible
blood in the stool called dysentery.
59. Dehydration in infant cause sunken
fontanels, weight loss, increase
hematocrit & loss of skin turgor.
60. Rotavirus is common cause of
chronic diarrhea in children ( 3 month to
2 yr)
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61. Composition of ORS is - NaCl - 2.6
g, KCl-1.5g ,sodium citrate - 2.9 gm,
glucose 13 gm.
62. The freshly prepared ORS Should
be used within 24 hours of preparation.
63. Hirschsprung's disease is
congenital anomaly due to absence of
ganglion cells mainly in large intestine
resulted into chronic constipation.
64. Rule of ten is used for Cleft lip.
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65. Rule of 10 is criteria to decide
readiness of an infant for surgical repair
of a cleft lip.
66. According to rule of 10 infant must
have weight 10 lb, must be 10 weeks
old, must have Hb value 10 gm & have
a WBC count less than 10,000
67. After a surgical repair of cleft lip
best position is opposite side lateral
position.
68. After surgery of cleft palate repair
the child should be placed on abdomen
in prone position to decrease infant's
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tendency to suck secretion from suture
line.
69. Cleft lip surgery is done at 3 to 6
month.
70. Cleft palate surgery is performed at
6 month - 2 yrs.
71. Anencephaly means congenital
absence of the brain & cranial vault,
which can be detected at the time of
birth.
72. Hydrocephalus is the accumulation
of excessive amounts of cerebrospinal
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fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the
brain.
73. Sunset eyes is typical feature of
hydrocephalus.
74. Spinabifida is central nervous
system defect in which neural tube fail
to close during embryonic period.
75. Reye's syndrome is an acute
encephalopathy after a viral infection.
76. Sudden Infant death syndrome
(SIDS) most commonly affects infants of
age 2 to 3 month.
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77. SIDS is an unexpected death of
infant under one year of age ,in which
cause of death are fail to prove by
autopsy.
78. To prevent SIDS infant should be
placed on his/her back.
79. After tonsillectomy child is placed in
side lying position.
80. Frequent swallowing suspects
bleeding after tonsillectomy.
81. Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma) is
most common tumor of kidney occurs in
children.
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82. Enuresis or bedwetting is an
involuntary discharge of urine after the
age of five years.
83. Imipramine drug used in case of
enuresis.
84. Orchiopexy is surgical correction of
undescended testes.
85. Cryptorchidism - is failure of one or
both testes into scrotum
86. Tightness of the prepuce (foreskin)
of the penis is called phimosis.
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87. Phimosis is corrected by
circumcision.
88. Balanitis is the inflammation of the
skin covering the glans penis.
89. Accidents are major cause of death
& disability in children ages 5 to 12
year.
👍Growth & Development key points
90. Magical thinking & fantasy play are
more characteristic during the preschool
years.
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91. Teething usually begins around age
6 months.
92. The 6 month old infant should have
good head control.
93. Posterior fontannel is triangular
shaped & closed at the age of 4- 8
weeks.
94. An infant walks with support at 11
month & takes first step at 12 month.
95. Stranger anxiety appears at 6 month
(5-7 months) & peak at the age of 9
( 6-12month)
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96. Toddler period (1-3 yrs) is slow
growth period.
97. Total weight gain during toddler
period is 2 to 4 kg ( 4 - 9 lb) over 2
yrs.
98. Instinctual smile (behavior or
natural) smile appears at 2 month &
Social Smile appears at 3 Month.
99. The infant says "Mama" & "Dada" &
responds to his own name at the age of
10 months.
100. Head control is established at 2
to 3 months of age.
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101. Sits in tripod fashion at 6 month.
102. Temper tantrum seen at age 18
month to 3 yrs.
103. The Moro reflex disappears at 4
month.
104. The palmer grasp reflex disappear
at age 3 to 4 month.
105. The planter grasp reflex disappears
at 6 to 8 month.
106. Child play-
👍Unoccupied Play - Birth-3 Months
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👍Independent / Solitary Play - 4 month-
2 Years)
👍Spectator/Onlooker play (2- 2 1/2 yr/)
👍Parallel Play - 2 1/2- to 3 year.
👍Associate play 3- 4 yrs.
👍Cooperative play / social play- 4- 6+
yrs.
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