This was prepared by me for presentation at my own college

1. PATHOGENESIS OF
BRONCHIAL
ASTHMA
Presenter: Gopal Kr. Yadav
Group E
02/17/18

2. OBJECTIVES:
DEFINITION
CELLS AND CELLULAR MEDIATORS
 CLASSIFICATION
 PATHOGENESIS
HISTOPATHOLOGY
02/17/18

3. Definition:
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory
disorder of the conducting airways,
usually caused by an immunologic
reaction, which is marked by episodic
bronchoconstriction due to increased
airways sensitivity to a various
stimuli ; and increased mucous
production.
02/17/18

4. Cells involved in chronic allergic inflammation
1. Eosinophils
2. Mast cells
3. T-lymphocytes
4. Neutrophils
5. Basophils
6. APC

5. CELLULAR MEDIATORS
a) 1st
Group Of Mediators
 LTC4 , LTD4, LTE4: Vasoconstriction, inc.
Vascular permeability.
 Ach: smooth muscle contraction.
b) 2nd
Group
 Histamine : bronchoconstriction
 PGD2: bronchoconstriction, vasodialation
 PAF: Platelet aggregation and release of
serotonin.
02/17/18

6. Cont…
c) 3rd
Group
 IL-13: mucus production
 IL-1, TNF, IL-4, eotaxin, Nitric Oxide,
bradykinin.
02/17/18

7. Classification based on frequency
and severity:
Mild intermittent
Mild
Moderate
Severe persistent
02/17/18

8. 02/17/18

9. Asthma Pathogenetic Types:
1. Extrinsic (Atopic/Allergic/Immune)
2. Intrinsic (Idiosyncratic/Non Atopic)
Others:
 Seasonal
 Exercise – induced
 Drug – induced
 Occupational
 Asthmatic bronchitis in smokers02/17/18

10. Atopic asthma

11. 02/17/18

12. Non atopic asthma
(Unknown mechanism)
Respiratory infection
Stress
Exercise
Cold temperature
Drug induced (aspirin)

13. 02/17/18

14. 02/17/18
Asthma- Histopathology
Airway remodeling:
 thickening of basement membrane
of bronchial epithelium.
 edema and inflammatory infiltrate.
Hypertrophy of sub mucosal glands
and bronchial wall muscle.

15. 02/17/18

17. Important fact:
IL-13 gene polymorphism is strongly
associated with Bronchial asthma.
 ADAM-33 is another gene causing
proliferation of smooth muscles and
fibroblasts in bronchi resulting in
bronchial and sub epithelial fibrosis.
02/17/18

18. REFERENCES:
 Robbin’s Pathology, 9th
Edition
 Harrison’s Principles of Internal
Medicine, 18th
Edition
 Harsh Mohan’s textbook of
Pathology, 6th Edition.
02/17/18

19. 02/17/18