Fine grained oil and gas reservoirs - examples.

1. POWER GEOLOGICAL SERVICES INC.
Glenn R. Power, P.Geo
DETAILED
ANALYSIS/COMPARISON
SANDY vs SILTY
CUTTINGS SAMPLES

2. This cuttings sample contains a mix of ‘good sandstone’ and ‘silty sandstone’. The better
quality sandstone has the brightest fluorescence (highlighted).

3. This cuttings sample contains less ‘good sandstone’ and more ‘silty sandstone’ compare with
previous slide for 4520m MD. The better quality sandstone has the brightest fluorescence
(highlighted).

4. These cuttings samples show ‘good sandstone’ and ‘silty sandstone’ compare with previous
slide for 4520m MD. The better quality sandstone has the brightest fluorescence (highlighted).

5. Cuttings sample of ‘good sandstone’ and ‘silty sandstone’ compare with previous slide for
4520m MD. The better quality sandstone (left side) has the brightest fluorescence.

6. Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The
‘best’ quality reservoir sandstone is on the left, the ‘siltier’ sandstone is on the right.

7. Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘best’
quality reservoir sandstone is on the left, the ‘siltier’ sandstone is on the right. This image
taken under Ultraviolet Light (UV) Time Zero (T0) prior to the application of a solvent to test
for ‘cut’.

8. Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘best’
quality reservoir sandstone is on the left, the ‘siltier’ sandstone is on the right. This image
taken under Ultraviolet Light (UV) Time one (T1) approximately 1 minute after the application
of a solvent to test for ‘cut’.

9. Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘best’
quality reservoir sandstone is on the left, the ‘siltier’ sandstone is on the right. This image
taken under Ultraviolet Light (UV) Time one (T2) approximately 2 minutes after the application
of a solvent to test for ‘cut’.

10. Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘best’
quality reservoir sandstone is on the left, the ‘siltier’ sandstone is on the right. This image
taken under Ultraviolet Light (UV) Time one (T3) approximately 3 minutes after the application
of a solvent to test for ‘cut’.

11. Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘best’
quality reservoir sandstone is on the left, the ‘siltier’ sandstone is on the right. This image
taken under Ultraviolet Light (UV) Time one (T4) approximately 4 minutes after the application
of a solvent to test for ‘cut’.

12. Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘best’
quality reservoir sandstone is on the left, the ‘siltier’ sandstone is on the right. This image
taken under Ultraviolet Light (UV) Time one (T5) approximately 5 minutes after the application
of a solvent to test for ‘cut’.

13. Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The
‘best’ quality reservoir sandstone is on the left, the ‘siltier’ sandstone is on the right.

14. Sandy Silty
Sandy Silty
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘best’ quality reservoir sandstone is on the left, the ‘siltier’ sandstone is on the
right. The inset images at the bottom have a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide). The solid white circles are Upper Very Fine grain size.

15. Sandy
UVF
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘best’ quality reservoir sandstone (Sandy) is shown above, the ‘siltier’ sandstone
(Silty) is shown on the next slide. The inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide). The solid white circles are Upper Very Fine grain size.

16. T0
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5

17. Silty
UVF
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘poorer’ quality reservoir sandstone (Silty) is shown above, the ‘sandier’
sandstone (Sandy) is shown on the previous slide. The inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide). The solid white circles are Upper Very Fine grain size.

18. T0
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5

19. Sandy
Sandy
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘best’ quality reservoir sandstone (Sandy) is shown above, the ‘siltier’ sandstone
(Silty) is shown on the next slide. The inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide). The solid white circle is Lower Very Fine grain size which is equivalent to
Coarse Silt.
UVF
UVF

20. Silty
Silty
UVF
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘poorer’ quality reservoir sandstone (Silty) is shown above, the ‘sandier’
sandstone (Sandy) is shown on the previous slide. The inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide). The solid white circle is Lower Very Fine grain size which is
equivalent to Coarse Silt.

21. Sandy
LVF
UVF
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘best’ quality reservoir sandstone (Sandy) is shown above, the ‘siltier’ sandstone
(Silty) is shown on the next slide. The inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide). The solid white circle is Lower Very Fine grain size which is equivalent to
Coarse Silt.

22. Silty
LVF
UVF
Silty
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘poorer’ quality reservoir sandstone (Silty) is shown above, the ‘sandier’
sandstone (Sandy) is shown on the previous slide. The inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide). The solid white circle is Lower Very Fine grain size which is
equivalent to Coarse Silt.

23. Sandy
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘best’ quality reservoir sandstone (Sandy) is shown above, the competent cutting
has been crushed to help see the individual sand grains and better determine the predominant grain size. The ‘siltier’ sandstone (Silty) is shown on the next slide. The
inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide).

24. Silty
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The poorer’ quality reservoir sandstone (Silty) is shown above, the competent cutting
has been crushed to help see the individual sand grains and better determine the predominant grain size. The ‘sandier’ sandstone (Sandy) is shown on the previous slide.
The inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide).

25. Sandy
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘best’ quality reservoir sandstone (Sandy) is shown above, the ‘siltier’ sandstone
(Silty) is shown on the next slide. The inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide). The solid white circle is a Lower Very Fine grain size which is equivalent to
Coarse Silt.

26. Sandy
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘best’ quality reservoir sandstone (Sandy) is shown above, the ‘siltier’ sandstone
(Silty) is shown on the next slide. The inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide). The solid white circle is a Lower Very Fine grain size which is equivalent to
Coarse Silt.

27. Silty
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘poorer’ quality reservoir sandstone (Silty) is shown above, the ‘sandier’
sandstone (Sandy) is shown on the next slide. The inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide). The solid white circles are Lower Very Fine grain size which is
equivalent to Coarse Silt.

28. Silty
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘poorer’ quality reservoir sandstone (Silty) is shown above, the ‘sandier’
sandstone (Sandy) is shown on the next slide. The inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide).

29. Sandy
Sandy
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘best’ quality reservoir sandstone (Sandy) is shown above, the ‘siltier’ sandstone
(Silty) is shown on the next slide. The inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide). The solid white circles are Lower Very Fine grain size which is equivalent to
Coarse Silt.

30. Silty
Silty
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘poorer’ quality reservoir sandstone (Silty) is shown above, the ‘sandier’
sandstone (Sandy) is shown on the next slide. The inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide). The solid white circles are Lower Very Fine grain size which is
equivalent to Coarse Silt.

31. Silty
Silty
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘poorer’ quality reservoir sandstone (Silty) is shown above, the ‘sandier’
sandstone (Sandy) is shown on the next slide. The inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide). The solid white circles are Lower Very Fine grain size which is
equivalent to Coarse Silt.

32. Sandy
Sandy
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘best’ quality reservoir sandstone (Sandy) is shown above, the ‘siltier’ sandstone
(Silty) is shown on the next slide. The inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide). The solid white circles are Lower Very Fine grain size which is equivalent to
Coarse Silt.

33. Sandy
Sandy
UVF
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘best’ quality reservoir sandstone (Sandy) is shown above, the ‘siltier’ sandstone
(Silty) is shown on the next slide. The inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide). The solid white circle is Lower Very Fine grain size which is equivalent to
Coarse Silt.
UVF
LVF
LVF

34. Silty
Silty
UVF
UVF
LVF
LVF
Samples contained a mix of sandstone cuttings that grade to silty sandstone in part. The ‘poorer’ quality reservoir sandstone (Silty) is shown above, the ‘sandier’
sandstone (Sandy) is shown on the next slide. The inset images are a pencil lead for scale (0.5mm wide). The solid white circles are Lower Very Fine grain size which is
equivalent to Coarse Silt.

35. Lower Very Fine
SANDSTONE (less silty).
The pencil lead is for scale and is 0.5mm wide; 2 Upper Fine sand grains, 4 Upper Very Fine sand
grains, 8 Lower Very Fine grains. The smallest circles shown here are the size of the Upper
Coarse Silt therefore silt grains are even smaller than the circles shown here in the inset images.
Upper Very Fine Upper Coarse Silt 0.5mm wide

36. SILTY

37. Siltstone: The pencil lead is for scale (0.5mm) and the inset image is calibrated to the pencil lead to indicate grain size. There are no grains
visible that are larger than this “silt grain”.

38. Siltstone: The pencil lead is for scale (0.5mm) and the inset images are calibrated to the pencil lead to indicate grain size. The singular small
white colored circle is Lower Very Fine grained (LVF) which is equivalent to the coarsest silt. There are no grains visible that are larger than
this “silt grain”.

39. Siltstone: The pencil lead is for scale (0.5mm) and the inset images are calibrated to the pencil lead to indicate grain size. The singular small
white colored circle is Lower Very Fine grained (LVF) which is equivalent to the coarsest silt. There are no grains visible that are larger than
this “silt grain”.

40. Siltstone: This is the ‘residue’ after which is left after applying hydrochloric acid (HCl) to test for calcareous cement. The pencil lead is for
scale (0.5mm) and the inset images are calibrated to the pencil lead to indicate grain size. The singular small white colored circle is Lower
Very Fine grained (LVF) which is equivalent to the coarsest silt. There are no grains visible that are larger than this “silt grain”.

41. Siltstone: The pencil lead is for scale (0.5mm) and the inset image is calibrated to the pencil lead to indicate grain size. There are no grains
visible that are larger than this “silt grain”.

42. Siltstone: Calcareous cemented as is indicated from the very rapid and vigorous reaction to the application of HCl. A following slide will
show the ‘residue’ of predominately loose individual silt grains.

43. Siltstone: The pencil lead is for scale (0.5mm) and the inset images are calibrated to the pencil lead to indicate grain size. The singular small
white colored circle is Lower Very Fine grained (LVF) which is equivalent to the coarsest silt. There are no grains visible that are larger than
this “silt grain”.

44. Siltstone: The pencil lead is for scale (0.5mm) and the inset images are calibrated to the pencil lead to indicate grain size. The singular small
white colored circle is Lower Very Fine grained (LVF) which is equivalent to the coarsest silt. There are no grains visible that are larger than
this “silt grain”.

45. SANDY

46. Sandstone: The pencil lead is for scale (0.5mm) and the inset image is calibrated to the pencil lead to indicate grain size.

47. Sandstone: The pencil lead is for scale (0.5mm) and the inset image is calibrated to the pencil lead to indicate grain size.

48. Sandstone: The pencil lead is for scale (0.5mm) and the inset images are calibrated to the pencil lead to indicate grain size. The singular
small white colored circle is Lower Very Fine grained (LVF) which is equivalent to the coarsest silt. The majority of the grains visible are
this size or slightly larger but there are none visible that are as ‘large’ as the black circle without white color fill which is the Upper Very
Fine grain size (uVF).

49. Sandstone: Calcareous cemented as is indicated from the very rapid and vigorous reaction to the application of HCl. A following slide will
show the ‘residue’ of predominately loose individual Lower Very Fine (LVF) sand grains.

50. Sandstone: Calcareous cemented as is indicated from the very rapid and vigorous reaction to the application of HCl. A following slide will
show the ‘residue’ of predominately loose individual Lower Very Fine (LVF) sand grains.

51. Sandstone: The pencil lead is for scale (0.5mm) and the inset images are calibrated to the pencil lead to indicate grain size. The singular
small white colored circle is Lower Very Fine grained (LVF) which is equivalent to the coarsest silt. The majority of the grains visible are
this size or slightly larger but there are none visible that are as ‘large’ as the Upper Very Fine grain size (uVF) the black circle without
white color fill.

52. Sandstone: The pencil lead is for scale (0.5mm) and the inset images are calibrated to the pencil lead to indicate grain size. The singular
small white colored circle is Lower Very Fine grained (LVF) which is equivalent to the coarsest silt. The majority of the grains visible are this
size or slightly larger but there are none visible that are as ‘large’ as the Upper Very Fine grain size (uVF) the black circle without white
color fill.

53. Sandstone: The pencil lead is for scale (0.5mm) and the inset images are calibrated to the pencil lead to indicate grain size. The singular
small white colored circle is Lower Very Fine grained (LVF) which is equivalent to the coarsest silt. The majority of the grains visible are
this size or slightly larger but there are none visible that are as ‘large’ as the black circle without white color fill which is Upper Very Fine
grain size (uVF).

54. SHAKERS
‘SOUPY’

55. Sandstone: Predominately loose individual quartz sand grains. The grains are wet from drilling fluid so they are loosely stuck together from
liquid adhesion; there are no ‘competent cuttings in the sample. In the inset image of the ‘cleaned’ cuttings the pencil lead is for scale
(0.5mm) and the inset images on the pencil lead are calibrated to the pencil lead to indicate grain size.

56. Sandstone: Predominately loose individual quartz sand grains. The grains are wet from drilling fluid so they are loosely stuck together from
liquid adhesion; there are no ‘competent cuttings in the sample. Pencil lead is for scale (0.5mm) and the inset images are calibrated to the
pencil lead to indicate grain size.

57. Sandstone: Predominately loose individual quartz sand grains. The grains are wet from drilling fluid so they are loosely stuck together from
liquid adhesion; there are no ‘competent cuttings in the sample. Pencil lead is for scale (0.5mm) and the inset images are calibrated to the
pencil lead to indicate grain size.

58. Sandstone: Predominately loose individual quartz sand grains. The grains are wet from drilling fluid so they are loosely stuck together from
liquid adhesion; there are no ‘competent cuttings in the sample. Pencil lead is for scale (0.5mm) and the inset images are calibrated to the
pencil lead to indicate grain size.