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HOW_to_FIND_OIL_and_GAS
- 1. Chapter 2: How do we find oil and gas? 7-8 minutes…
- 2. Chapter 2 How do we find oil and gas?
- 3. Seek… and Ye shall find Or…
- 4. 4 We know that the SOURCE of oil and gas is from ORGANIC MATTER that gets buried through time in LAYERS of mud, silt and sand.
- 5. 5 SEISMIC is used to EXPLORE … on Land
- 6. 6 SEISMIC is used to EXPLORE … and at Sea
- 7. 7 SEISMIC is used to ‘image’ the LAYERS of rock. Sound and/or ‘shock waves’ from explosions travels through the sediments…
- 8. 8 SEISMIC ‘pulses’ get reflected and refracted (pass through) the LAYERS…
- 9. 9 The recorded sounds are converted to images…
- 10. 10 Images that show the LAYERS of the rocks below…
- 11. 11 Often, those LAYERS are no longer ‘flat’ and ‘unbroken’…
- 12. 12 The LAYERS are ‘broken’ or ‘faulted’…
- 13. 13 The images need to be interpreted…
- 14. 14 The interpreter begins with obvious faults and continuous layers.
- 15. 15 The interpreted images reveal the hidden LAYERS…
- 16. Geologists and Geophysicists use this interpreted data… 16 The interpreted images reveal the hidden LAYERS…
- 17. 17 To turn a 2 Dimensional Picture… Geologists and Geophysicists use this interpreted data…
- 18. Into a 3 Dimensional Picture… 18
- 19. 19 This is a 2D seismic ‘slice’ 0f the Hibernia Field
- 20. 20 A little colour helps to the… highlight… LAYERS
- 21. When we have a 3 Dimensional Picture… 21Of an Oil and Gas Reservoir…
- 22. Like HIBERNIA…
- 23. 23 You need to DRILL to a… SEISMIC TARGET
- 24. 24 Seismic is absolutely essential to finding oil and gas deposits…
- 25. 25 Seismic gives the BIG picture… Drilling a well… provides BIG DETAIL
- 30. 30 To Find Oil and Gas you START with seismic…
- 33. 33 The ‘lay of the land’…
- 34. 34 Looks GOOD… If the interpretation
- 35. 35 If there is a… SEISMIC TARGET…
- 36. 36 Oil companies… DRILL A WELL
- 37. 37 Each well drilled provides more DETAIL… to the seismic interpretation…
- 38. 38 That DETAIL is in the form of CUTTINGS… (rock fragments)…
- 40. 40 It is covered in greater detail in later ‘Chapters’…
- 41. 41 But let’s take a quick look at how a well is drilled…
- 42. 42 A drill rig uses a drill BIT to drill through the rock LAYERS A drill rig uses a drill… BIT to drill through the rock LAYERS
- 43. 43 The BIT ROTATES As it drills…
- 44. 44 A drill rig uses a drill BIT to drill through the rock LAYERS Many BITS are needed to drill a well…
- 45. The Drill BIT rotates and breaks up the rock LAYERS into little pieces called “CUTTINGS”
- 46. The Drill MUD … is circulated DOWN the inside of the Drill Pipe
- 47. The MUD … Comes out through the Drill BIT and flows UP the ‘wellbore’
- 48. The MUD … helps to ‘push’ the… CUTTINGS Out of the HOLE…to the surface…
- 49. The MUD… Is very important to the… DRILLING PROCESS
- 50. 50 When the drilling is finished. The Drill BIT is taken OUT of the HOLE a.k.a the… (ANNULUS)
- 51. 51 The Drill BIT is taken OUT A… ‘Logging Tool’ is run IN the drilled hole…
- 53. There are many LOGGING TOOLS Essentially there are three major TYPES…
- 54. There is the GAMMA RAY… Which measures… ROCK TYPE (Sandstone, Shale, Limestone, Other)
- 55. There is the SONIC… And/or NEUTRON DENSITY Which measures… POROSITY
- 56. There is the… RESISTIVITY… Which measures… FLUID TYPE (Oil, Gas, Water)
- 57. A Geologists use these “Wireline Logs” fr0m the DRILLING of a well… to provide DETAIL…
- 58. A DETAIL… to the BIG picture… gathered from earlier SEISMIC
- 59. A Can YOU see the LAYERS?
- 60. A Can YOU connect the dots?
- 61. A
- 62. A
- 63. A
- 64. A
- 66. Can YOU see the LAYERS?
- 74. That’s essentially how Geologists put the WIRELINE and SEISMIC DATA together…
- 75. To figure out where to drill the next well…
- 80. 80
- 81. 81 This area…
- 82. 82 is the Jeanne d’Arc Basin
- 83. 83
- 84. 84 There are other oil and gas pools here also…
- 85. 85 Yet it is a relatively SMALL area…
- 86. 86
- 87. 87 There is a far Where oil and gas may yet be found… areaLARGER
- 88. 88
- 89. Starting approximately 200 million years ago North America was being ‘torn away’ from Europe and Africa. In the area of the Jeanne d’Arc Basin there were mountains being uplifted and eroded, large rivers, lakes, beaches and deltas were forming the sandstone reservoirs of the Jeanne d’Arc, Hibernia, Catalina and Ben Nevis Formations.
- 90. 90 Cartoon schematic of depositional systems active in the Jeanne d’Arc Basin from Jurassic through Cretaceous ages. Hibernia Hebron Terra Nova Whiterose
- 91. 91 Cartoon schematic of depositional systems active in the Jeanne d’Arc Basin with modern depositional environments superimposed.