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The “Oil Patch” in a Nut Shell
Glenn Power: geologist Power Geological Services Inc.

4. OR…

5. But were afraid to ask
“Oil Patch” things you
wanted to know…

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There are some
who believe that
oil and gas…
comes from deep
within the earth…
(non-organic origin).

8. Practically all of the energy on
Earth…
0riginally comes from the
SUN… 8

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The sun shines and
plants use that energy
directly…

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Plants make sugars…
and fats…
from sunlight…

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Plants make sugars…
and fats…
insects and animals
eat the plants…

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The stored energy
of the Sun…
gets ‘trapped’
in ‘organic matter’…

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SO… Oil and gas forms
from…
Organic Matter…

16. Organic matter
accumulates…
in Lakes…
and Oceans

17. Lakes have more
plant matter
than
animal matter…
Oceans have
large amounts of
BOTH plant and
animal matter…

18. Plant matter is
called…
PHYTOPLANKTON
Animal matter is
called…
ZOOPLANKTON

19. Plant matter is
more likely to
generate…
GAS/COAL
Animal matter is
more likely to
generate…
OIL

20. Plant matter
Algae…
Bacteria…
‘Pond Scum’…

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Green Algae can
reproduce at astounding
rates…

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Green Algae ‘blooms’ in
lakes is referred to as...
“Pond Scum”

23. Plant matter
Algae…
Bacteria…
Diatoms…
‘Red Tides’…

24. Animal matter
Krill…
Shrimp…
Fish Larvae…
Jelly Fish…

25. Shells made of silica
(same material as sand)
Diatoms…
The Ocean’s ‘HAY’…
Magnified
2000 times

26. 1 cubic inch may contain
as many as…
400 Million shells…
Diatoms…
When they die their
shells…
‘rain down’
to the sea-floor.

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Red Algae ‘blooms’ in
oceans is referred to as...
“Red Tides”

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This algal bloom
is hundreds of square
kilometers.

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This is one single incidence…
imagine the amount in a hundred, a thousand, a
million years…

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The organic matter ‘rains
down’…
is buried in mud and sand and eventually can
become oil and gas.

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The plants and ‘critters’ that make up
the…
“Organic Matter”
can’t be seen with the naked eye…

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Microscopes allow us to
see
the incredible
structures…

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SO… Oil and gas forms
from…
Organic Matter…

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SO… Oil and gas forms
from…
Previous Life…

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Buried for millions of years…
Sinking deeper into the Earth…

36. Forming LAYER upon LAYER…
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Buried for millions of years…

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38. Get DEPOSITED
Mud, clay, silt and sand…
LAYER BY LAYER
Buried…
ever DEEPER

39. INCREASE
Pressures and Temperatures…
And the
ORGANIC MATTER…
Starts to ‘COOK’…
(Plant and Animal Fats and Sugars…)

40. The ‘cooked’ organic material…
Eventually…
Turns into OIL
Then GAS…

41. ‘SQUEEZES’
The increased PRESSURE…
OUT of…
The “SOURCE”
Rock LAYER…
the OIL
and GAS…

42. FOUR ‘components’
Must be present…
To form an OIL
and GAS FIELD…

51. There are many different
varieties of TRAP…

52. But there are essentially
two main groups…

53. STRATIGRAPHIC…

54. and
STRUCTURAL…

55. Frequently it is a
combination of the
two…

57. ‘SQUEEZED’
As the OIL and GAS is…
OUT of…
The “SOURCE”
Rock LAYER…

58. It moves from the…
SOURCE to the
RESERVOIR…

59. In the RESERVOIR…
The
HYDROCARBONS…
SEPERATE…
They ‘POOL’…

60. In the RESERVOIR…
GAS is the ‘lightest’
SO… OIL ‘floats’ on
WATER …
OIL is ‘lighter’ than
WATER …

61. In the RESERVOIR…
The GAS is on top…
This is a “GAS CAP”

62. In the RESERVOIR…
The OIL is below…
This is the
“OIL LEG”

63. In the RESERVOIR…
The WATER is below
the OIL…
This is the
“WATER LEG”

64. The ‘POOLING’…
Is much like what happens with some more
‘familiar’ objects…
OIL and
WATER
don’t MIX…

65. It has to do with the…
DENSITY of the fluids…

66. OIL and
WATER
don’t
MIX…
OIL

67. If you
poured
WATER
into the top
of the OIL
Tank…

68. It would
‘lift’ the
OIL by
‘sinking’ to
the bottom
of the
Tank…

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72. Energy can neither be
created nor destroyed…
OR…