7. What is it?
Who gets it?
Why would you want
it?
What are the risks?
What are the
benefits?
How expensive is it?
8. Refractive surgery is the correcting of a refractive
error by changing the shape of the cornea with
surgery.
9.
10. Objects at distance are
blurry & difficult to see.
Objects at proximity
more clearly defined.
Corrected by Convex
lenses as shown on
diagram C & D
11. Difficulty seeing clearly
at close distances
Objects at a distance
more easily
discernable.
Corrected by Convex
lenses as shown on
diagram A & B
12. Irregular curvature of the eye (shaped more
like football than basketball)
Light in different planes focuses at different
points
13. Flattening the cornea decreases myopia
Increasing the steepness of the cornea decreases
Hyperopia
Making the cornea more spherical decreases
Astigmatism
All of these are correctable to some greater or
lesser degree through refractive surgeries
14. There are three types of surgery available
utilizing Laser, Incision procedures or intraocular
implants
Laser: Incision
LASIK RK & AK
PRK Intraocular
LTK IOL
15.
16. A flap is cut in the anterior cornea
A laser is applied to the stroma underneath
The flap is then replaced
Pro- can treat large refractive errors shorter
healing time than PRK
Local anesthetic (out patient procedure)
Con-cost price ranges from $2,500-$1,000
17. Central Epithelium is Removed
Laser is applied to bowman’s membrane
Local anesthetic used
30 seconds of laser exposure
Pro- can treat large refractive errors
Con- greater laser exposure longer healing time
than LASIK.
18. Less common procedure
LTK treats mild far-sightedness and also provides
a means of treating presbyopia (age-induced
farsightedness)
Uses heat to steepen cornea
Pro- lower incidence of complications for LTK than
with LASIK, with less than 1% adverse events
Con- only used to treat mild presbyopia
19.
20. RK= Radial keratotomy for myopia
AK= Astigmatic keratotomy for astigmatism
Incisions in cornea heal causing reshaping of eye
Pro-can be done in poorer countries
Con- higher risk of complications, less effective,
obsolete
21. Phakic Intraocular lenses
Implanted into eye without removing the
natural lens
Refractive lens-ectomy
Natural lens is removed from eye and replaced
with intraocular lens
PRO- for high myopia and cataracts
Con- cost upwards of $1500 per eye.
22.
23. 1) Must have had no
vision changes for
at least two years
2) No underlying
corneal abnormalities
3) No use of contact
lenses prior to surgery
24. Some anti-inflammatory
medications are required
Possibility of infection
based on procedure
Sunglasses outside are
recommended for the first
two weeks
Eye rubbing can cause
damage
Some problems with glare
can be noticed
Vision can be improved to
20/20 or greater but there is
no guarantee of perfect
vision.
Over time the corneal
shape can gradually
change requiring the need
of glasses for reading this
usually happens to
candidates over 40-50
years of age.
25. What is it?
Who gets it?
Why would you want it?
What are the risks?
What are the benefits?
How expensive is it?
The evolution in correction
of vision
Any one who fits criteria &
wants better vision
Very small 0.1-0.9% have
some form of complications
Benefits include improved
vision to greater or lesser
degree.
Prices Range $1000-$2500
per eye
