Economic analysis project

1. ECONOMICANALYSISOF IRRIGATED RICE PRODUCTION INYOLA NORTH
LOCAL GOVERNMENTAREA OF ADAMAWA STATE

2. Statement of the problem
• What are the socio-economic characteristics of irrigated rice farmers in the study area?
• What are the levels of inputs and output in irrigated rice production?
• Is irrigated rice production profitable?
• Are resources efficiently utilized in irrigated rice production?
• What are the constraints associated with irrigated rice production in the study area?

3. Objectives of the study
• identify the socio economic characteristics of irrigated rice farmers in the study area;
• examine the input and output levels in irrigated rice production;
• determine the profitability of rice production in the study area;
• determine whether or not resources are efficiently utilized in irrigated rice production; and
• identify the constraints associated with irrigated rice production in the study area.

4. Types and sources of data
• The data used for this study was mainly from primary source. The primary data was collected using structured questionnaires
administered to literate farmers and interview schedule for those who could not read and interpret the questionnaires which was
written in English.

5. Sampling techniques.
• Two stage random sampling techniques was employed in selecting respondents (farmers) for the
study. Yola North has 11 wards from where 5 wards were selected at random due to homogeneity.

6. Method of data analysis.
Descriptive statistics
• Descriptive statistics such as the frequency percentage, tables and
average were employed in analyzing the socio economic
characteristics of the respondents (objective i) and the constraint
of the irrigated rice farmers in the area (objective v).
Inferential statistics
• Multiple regression was used to compare the relationship between
input-output (objective ii) and Exponential was used to analyze the
resource use efficiency (objective iv).
Gross Margin Analysis
• The profitability of the irrigated rice production in the study area
was estimated using Gross margin analysis. Gross margin (GM) is
the difference between total revenue (TR) and total variable cost
(TVC)

7. Chapter Four
Results and discussion.
Socio-Economic Characteristics of Respondents.
Age Frequency Percentage
Male 93 77.5
Female 27 22.5
Total 120 100
Distribution of the Respondents Based on Sex

8. Distribution of the Respondents Based on Age
Age (Years) Frequency Percentage
18-27
28-37
38-47
48-57
58-67
68 and above
Total
17
24
29
18
22
10
120
14.17
20
24.17
15
18.33
8.33
100

9. Distribution of the Respondents Based on Marital Status
Marital Status Frequency Percentage
Single 16 13.33
Married 93 77.5
Widowed 11 9.17
Total 120 100

10. Occupation Distribution of the Respondents
Occupation Frequency Percentage
Civil servant 34 28.33
Trading 21 17.5
Livestock 15 12.5
Student 15 12.5
Fishing 12 10
Others 23 19.17
Total 120 100

11. Distribution of Respondents Based on Farming Experience
Farming experience(years) Frequency Percentage
<5 16 13.3
5-10 27 22.5
10-15 38 31.7
15-20 21 17.5
20 and above 18 15
Total 120 100

12. Distribution of respondents base of farm size
Farm size (hectare) Frequency Percentage
0.5-1 47 39.17
1 and above 73 60.83
Total 120 100

13. Educational Attainment Distribution of the Respondents
Educational level Frequency Percentage
Non formal education 25 20.83
Primary education 30 25
Secondary education 39 32.5
Higher education 26 21.67
Total 120 100

14. Distribution of the Respondents based on Extension Contact
Extension contact Frequency Percentage
Yes 78 65
No 42 35
Total 120 100

15. Fertilizer Distribution of the Respondents
Fertilizer (Source) Frequency Percentage
Market 98 81.67
Government 9 7..5
Private organization 13 10.83
Total 120 100

16. Distribution of the Respondents Based on Family Size
Family size(no of people) Frequency Percentage
1-10 45 37.5
11-20 38 31.67
21-30 23 19.16
30 and above 10 11.67
Total 120 100

17. Distribution of the Respondents based on Financial Support
Financial Support Frequency Percentage
Yes 99 82.5
No 21 17.5
Total 100 100

18. Resource Efficiency Utilized in Irrigated Rice Production
TheTable show the resource use efficiency in irrigated rice production. Based on the economic and econometric criteria Semi-log Regression function was
selected as lead equation or line of best fit.
Variables
Constant
Farm size
Quantity of seed
Quantity of fertilizer
Family labour
Hired labour
Quantity of herbicide
Educational status
Farming experience
Extension contact
Amount spent on irrigation
water
R2
F-value
Probability of F
Coefficient
3.152058
0.3351084
0.00043
0.0392118
0.0025422
0.0014838
0.0207106
0.0292166
0.0025972
0.0001185
0.0000141
0.9144
114.37
0.0000
Standard error
3.152058
0.0938736
0.0004507
0.0179356
0.0009583
0.0010046
0.0078562
0.0215323
0.0064154
0.0001821
6.04e-06
T-value
93.45**
3.57**
0.95
2.19**
2.65**
1.48
2.64**
1.36
.0064154
0.65
2.33**

19. Cost and return /ha of Irrigated Rice
Item Value(N) Percentage of total cost
Fertilizer 22500 32.47
Herbicide 3200 4.62
Cost of harrowing 8600 12.41
Transportation cost 10000 14.43
Storage cost 5000 7.22
Cost of water 20000 28.86
Total variable cost 69300 100
Total return 421875
Gross margin (TR-TVC) 352575

20. Problems of Irrigated Rice Farmers
Problems Frequency Percentage
Inadequate credit 65 14.87
High cost of transportation 46 10.53
Inadequate storage 54 12.36
Difficulties getting water 72 16.48
Inadequate production input 56 12.81
Inadequate finance 68 15.56
High cost of production input 43 9.84
Pest and disease 35 8.05
Total 437 100
Source: Field survey, 2022

21. Summary
• The socioeconomics characteristics of the respondent in the study area revealed that males (77.5%) were more irrigated rice
production than female counterparts (22.5%). Majority of the farmers were in their youthful age. Most (77.5%) of the
respondent were married with and average household size of 10 members. A large number of a farmers (79.17) had one form of
formal education or the other, the result further revealed that the farmers in the study areas were small scale farmers cultivating
of a farm size of 1 hectare and had a mean farming experience of 15years. 30% of the farmers use both family and hired labour.
Most of the famers (82.5%) finance their rice production through friends and relatives, credit from corporative and bank loans
while the remaining (17.5) finance their farm through personal savings. The result revealed that 65% of the farmers had contact
with extension agent while the remaining 35% had no contact with extension agent. Number of the farmers that belong to
cooperatives accounted for 69% and had an average of 5years of membership while 31% didn’t belong to any cooperative.

22. Conclusion
• The socioeconomics characteristics of the respondent in the study area revealed that males (77.5%) were more irrigated rice
production than female counterparts (22.5%). Majority of the farmers were in their youthful age. Most (77.5%) of the
respondent were married with and average household size of 10 members. A large number of a farmers (79.17) had one form of
formal education or the other, the result further revealed that the farmers in the study areas were small scale farmers cultivating
of a farm size of 1 hectare and had a mean farming experience of 15years. 30% of the farmers use both family and hired labour.
Most of the famers (82.5%) finance their rice production through friends and relatives, credit from corporative and bank loans
while the remaining (17.5) finance their farm through personal savings. The result revealed that 65% of the farmers had contact
with extension agent while the remaining 35% had no contact with extension agent. Number of the farmers that belong to
cooperatives accounted for 69% and had an average of 5years of membership while 31% didn’t belong to any cooperative.

23. Recommendations
• Efforts should be made by government as well as private individuals to provide adequate extension services to the farmers in the study area, to enhance and
improve their efficiency.
• Government and non-governmental organizations should make available and timely the necessary farm inputs required to irrigated rice farmers to retain a
reasonable number of farmers
• Deliberate attempt should be made by government as well as non-governmental organizations to provide adequate finance to irrigated rice farmers in other
to enhance their productivity and bettering their level of income.
• Governments should also provide adequate irrigation facilities ( improved water pumps and machines).

24. THANK YOU