4. 2nd century A.D-
Tamilnadu-across cauvery
river- great anaicut – by
chola kings – provide
irrigation to about 0.24
million ha .
10th century - Tamilnadu-
Viranarayana and
Gangaikonda-Cholapuram
tanks . 13th Century
Anantarajasagara in
Andhra Pradesh
(1836 – 1866) – British
period - four major river-
diversion works -Upper
Ganga Canal, Upper Bari
Doab Canal, Krishna &
Godavari Delta systems.
(1880) - First Famine
Commission - Betwa
Canal, the Nira Left Bank
Canal, the Gokak Canal,
the Khaswad Tank and the
Rushikulya Canal.
IMPORTANT
HISTORY
5. Causes :
last two years of the 19th Century (1899 – 1900) –
devastating famines - appointment of First Irrigation
Commission in the year 1901-Big spurt in irrigation
development.
Impact :
total irrigated area :
1900 - 13.3 million ha
1920-21 - 19.3 million ha
1946-47 - 28.2 million ha
At the beginning of First Five Year Plan in 1950-51
the irrigated area was 22.6 million ha and at the end
of 10th five year plan the irrigated area was 87.23
million ha
6. Irrigation projects may range from a small farm
unit to those serving extensive areas of millions
of hectares. (Asawa, 2005)
small - consist of a low diversion weir or an
inexpensive pumping plant along with small
ditches (channels) and some minor control
structures .
Large - includes a large storage reservoir, a huge
dam, hundreds of kilometres of canals, branches
and distributaries, control structures, and other
works .
8. CCA – Cultivable Command Area
Area which can be physically
irrigated from a scheme fit for
cultivation
9. Name River State CCA, ha
Year of
completion
Bhakra Nangal
Project
Sutlej
Punjab and
Himachal
Pradesh
40,00,000 1963
Beas Project Beas River
Punjab,
Haryana and
Rajasthan
21,00,000 1974
Indira Gandhi
Canal
Harike (Satlej
and Beas)
Punjab 5, 28,000 1965
Koshi Project Kosi River
Bihar and
Nepal
8.48,000 1954
Hirakund
Project
Mahanadi Orisa 10,00,000 1957
Tungabhadra
project
Tungbhadra -
Krishna
AP-Karnataka 5,74,000 1953
10. Name River State CCA, ha
Year of
completion
Nagarjuna
Sagar Project
Krishna AP 13,13,000 1960
Chambal
Project
Chambal
Rajasthan and
Madhya
Pradesh
5,15,000 1960
Damodar
valley project
Damodar
Jharkhand,
West Bengal
8,23,700 1948
Gandak
project
Gandak Bihar-UP 16,51,700 1970
Kakrapar
project
Tapti Gujarat 1,51,180 1954
Koyna Project
Koyna-
krishna
Maharashtra 1964
11. Name River State CCA, ha
Year of
completion
Malprabha
project
Malprabha Karnataka 2,18,191 1972
Mayurakshi
Project
Mayurakshi West Bengal 2,40,000 1956
Kangsabati
project
Kangsabati
and Kumari
river
West Bengal 3,48,477 1956
12.
13. Based on “ Guidelinss for Submission
Appraisal and Clearance of Irrigation and
Multipurpose project “ by Central Water
Commission .
15. Detailed hydrological , geological ,
construction material investigation
have been carried out
Soil survey
Designs for various components of
the project have been done
Necessary studies for ground water
utilization have been done
Cost estimates and economic
evaluations has been carried out
16. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF IRRIGATION PROJECTS :
Displacement of people
Loss of livelihood
Effects of flora and fauna due to construction
activity
Submergence of forest land
ENIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT :
The International Association for Impact
Assessment (IAIA) defines an environmental impact
assessment (EIA) as "the process of identifying,
predicting, evaluating and mitigating
the biophysical, social, and other relevant effects
of development proposals prior to major decisions
being taken and commitments made."
