An introduction to AI,ML,DL Working of AI System Scope of AI ,Cyber Security and BCT in Marine Marine Education Scope of AI and BCT Changes Required in Curriculum Cyber security in Marine field Parametric Analysis Skill Set Requirement

1. AI/ML/DL/BCT
A Revolution in Maritime Sector
By: Capt. Krishnamurthy Iyer
Dr. Sanjeet Kanungo
Mr. Ganesh Ingle

2. Session objective
An introduction to AI,ML,DL
Working of AI System
Scope of AI ,Cyber Security and BCT in Marine
Education
Changes Required in Curriculum
Summary

3. New Advancement in Marine Field
Technologies will revolutionize the maritime sector
1. AI (Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning and Deep learning)
2. Industrial IOT
3. Block Chain Technology(BCT)
4. Virtual Reality
5. Cyber Threat and Cyber Security

4. Scope of AI and BCT
1. Supply chain visibility/ Logistic management
2. ML-driven data science
3. Voyage optimization
4. Voyage economics
5. Diagnosis systems - infer malfunction of devices and components
6. Monitoring - compare data from a continually observed system to prescribe
behaviour
7. Process control - control a physical process based on monitoring
8. Design - configure a system according to specifications
9. Scheduling & planning - develop or modify a plan of action
10. Generation of options - generate alternative solutions to a problem
New Advancement in Marine Field

5. AI based Systems
1. Google Search Engine
2. Microsoft Cortana
3. Amazon Alexa
4. Image Processing
5. Autonomous cars : Tesla( Same AI based system
will be implemented in navigation AI based system)

6. AI
1. Do you see cat or a dog???
2. How did you analyse?
3. As you have seen many cats and dogs
4. You learnt to identify the difference
between them i.e. pattern recognition
5. This how we train the computer to
recognize pattern and learn
7. Sometime humans can not recognise the pattern
8. Same thing can happen with AI

7. How Do Our Brains Work?
Dendrites: Input
Cell body: Processor
Synaptic: Link
Axon: Output
Can we create artificial
neurons???
Image Source: Wikipedia

8. How Do ANNs Work?
Inputs
Weights
Bias value
Hidden layer
Sigmoid function
Activation function
Back propagation
Output
Fitness function

9. Artificial Intelligence
AI
Act
Like Human
Turing Test
Playing chess by machine and human in
different rooms with observer not
knowing which room has machine
Complete Turring Test
NLP: Natural language representation
KR: Knowledge representation
Movement: Robotics
Rationally
Rational Agent
approach
Think
Like Human
Cognitive Approach
ANN design
ANN training
Activation functions
Weights to the ANN
Rationally
Law of Thought
Approach
i/p 1=Ram is human
i/p =All human are kind
o/p=Ram is Kind

10. AI
Hard AI Soft AI
Artificial Intelligence
Machine learning algorithms are the latest
in computer science where computers can
take a large data set, analyse it and use it to
make increasingly accurate predictions. In
short, they are learning.
To create a self-driving car :
1. Hundreds of thousands, or even millions, of miles of driving videos and data
input to data model.
2. It creates a massive vocabulary around driving.
3. The algorithms use visual techniques to break down the videos and to
understand them.
4. The goal is that when something unexpected happens — a ball rolls into the
street — the car can recognize the pattern and react accordingly (slow down
because a child could be running into the street after it).
5. Same algorithms is applied for autonomous ships

11. ML Feature extraction and compare

12. DL
No feature extraction required
system recognizes pattern on its own
Complex system of algorithm

13. DL Complex system of algorithm

14. Steps Involved in AI ,ML and DL
1) Determine your inputs:
2) Assign random weights:
3) Train the data:
4) Utilize the model:
Image Source: Wikipedia

15. AI ,ML and Deep learning
Image Source:www.discuss.analyticsvidya.com

16. ML and Deep learning

17. Learning by Trial‐and‐Error
Continuous process of:
Trial:
Processing an input to produce an output (In terms of ANN:
Compute the output function of a given input)
Evaluate:
Evaluating this output by comparing the actual output with
the expected output.
Adjust:
Adjust the weights.

18. 1. Supervised Training.
 Inputs and the outputs(Feature extraction)are provided by analyst
 Compares resulting outputs w.r.t. desired outputs
 Errors are back propagated, causing the system to adjust the
weights which control the network.
2. Unsupervised, or Adaptive Training.
 Inputs dataset but no desired outputs for comparison
 System itself must decide what features will use to group the
input data
 Present time, unsupervised learning is not well understood
ANN Training

19. AI in Merchant Navy
1. Are the ships completely AI based now???
1. The ships will become fully autonomous when the large
set of data is provided to the ML and DL system.
2. After processing and training (unsupervised) is done, fully
autonomous ships will sail without manual interventions.
3. Till the system get fully autonomous till the training/
learning part of ML/DL human interventions is required to
for manual override(Manual override can be done from
shore based control centre.

20. AI in Merchant Navy
2. When the ships will be completely AI based??
1. Once the ML, DL based algorithms are fully trained
on the large scale database with almost all
environmental conditions then the system ships will
be totally autonomous.
2. Till the time manual override is must

21. Cyber Security
1. Cyber world is world of binary no physical lock does
exists.
2. Google, Amazon, Microsoft and Facebook. Estimates
are that the big four store at least 1,200 petabytes
between them. That is 1.2 million terabytes (one
terabyte is 1,000 gigabytes).
3. If the systems including AI based are infected by virus or
attacked by hackers then complete system will collapse.

22.  DOS
 DDOS
 Brut force
 Phishing attack
 SQL injection attack
 Cross site scripting attack
 Eavesdropping attack.
 Password attack
 Birthday attack
 Malware attack
 Replay attack
Different Types of Cyber Attacks
Mounting a good defence requires understanding of the
offense.
 Caller ID/Email/SMS spoofing attack
 Man in middle attack (Session
hijacking )
 IP spoofing attack (Replay attack)

23.  A shipping company was attacked by Ransom ware
 Phishing mail attack
 Computers were infected that aren’t patched, and then passwords
hacked from those computers to infect other computers
that are patched.
 Exploited complete active directory.
 Exploited DC.
 Unconditional jump from n/w to n/w
 Encrypted MBR
 Systems infected >1 million
 domain controller @ Ghana
 Mirroring isolation backup
 Company required reinstall 4000 servers, 45000 PCs
 Ransomware attack would cause losses of up to $300 million
 A month after cyber attack launched named wannacry1,2
A Case Study of Recent Cyber-Attack
NotPetya
EternalBlue
Vulnerability in
windows/any OS
Srv.sys,445 port
Mimikatz
French security
researcher
Benjamin(Password)

24. 1. Prerequisites required for AI based System
i. Maths Domain: Mathematical logic/ Propositional Logic-PL, Predicated logic /
First order predicate logic (FOL), SET theory,, Resolution, FOL, Learn linear
algebra, probability, multivariate calculus, optimization and few other topics
ii. Computer domain : Data structures, programming language like C,C++,Python,
Go (any one language).Cyber threat and cyber security awareness.
2. Seafarer: Undergraduates (10+2 pass) must know after graduation/DNS
i. Existing syllabus with following points are required
ii. Over view and working of AI based system and automation.
iii. AI based system simulators training.
iv. Skill based maintenance and error code analysis generated by AI based system
on board ship.
v. Manual override in during the AI/ML/DL system training phase
vi. IOT , computer hardware familiarization and maintenance.
vii. Maintenance knowledge of PLC,SCADA,DCS systems.
viii. Hydraulic and pneumatic control systems governed by AI
Prerequisites of AI for Seafarer

25. Prerequisites required for AI based System
i. Maths Domain: Mathematical logic/ Propositional Logic-PL, Predicated logic /
First order predicate logic (FOL), SET theory,, Resolution, FOL, Learn linear
algebra, probability, multivariate calculus, optimization and few other topics
ii. Computer domain : Data structures, programming language like
C,C++,Python, Go (any one language).Cyber threat and cyber security
awareness.
1. Controlling from shore :Entry Level Undergraduates (10+2 pass)
i. Existing syllabus with following points are required
ii. AI based system simulators training
iii. Manual override and system maintenance and upgrade
iv. Skill based maintenance and error code analysis generated by AI based
system.
v. IOT , computer hardware familiarization and maintenance.
vi. Maintenance knowledge of PLC,SCADA,DCS systems
vii. Training the AI based system and data acquisition from thousands of data
node and updating the system experience.
Prerequisites of AI for Seafarer

26. Fundamentals Remain Same
To operate a machinery or equipment the basis
of training to remain same.
Prerequisites of AI for Seafarer

27. Manual overrides
 The shipboard personnel to be trained on taking over the
controls when required.
 The task is not simple as varied inputs are being fed for a
single equipment or machinery
 Automation can be handled, but Artificial operation needs
critical thinking.
 Should the AI system give erroneous output, the shipboard
personnel should be able to detect the deviation.
Prerequisites of AI for Seafarer

28. Parametric Analysis
 The real time parameters to be analysed at defined intervals
to prove the system efficacy.
Prerequisites of AI for Seafarer

29. Parametric Analysis
 It requires to change the syllabus and it must include
MATLAB for ANN.
 The troubleshooting currently in the training methodology to
be further augmented to numeric comparison to help the
students correlate the inputs vs output and thus identify the
degree of severity.
Prerequisites of AI for Seafarer

30. Parametric Analysis
 Our present syllabus does not include troubleshooting which
is required in the new system
 Our students need to be trained in numerical comparison to
correlate input and output
Prerequisites of AI for Seafarer

31. Skill Set Requirement
• Maximum accidents are due to HUMAN ERROR, the concept
of AI operated vessels might give some disastrous results if
not understood well.
Prerequisites of AI for Seafarer

32. Skill Set Requirement
• It is to be borne in mind that the neural network inputs are
based on the ecosystem the machine or equipment is
operating and behavioural patterns will be different even
for the same machine.
Prerequisites of AI for Seafarer

33. Response
• AI researchers want to study AI the same way social
scientists study humans.
• Propose a new course called ''Machine Behaviour'', which
will be through empirical observations and
experimentation.
• Machines that are actors making decisions and taking
actions autonomously and thus there is a need to study it
as ''a new class of actors with their own behavioural
patterns and ecology''
Prerequisites of AI for Seafarer

34. Response
• This does not mean to suggest that AI systems have
developed some kind of free will.
• They certainly have not, they are only glorified math model.
• But it is meant to move away from viewing AI systems as
passive tools that can be assessed purely through their
technical architecture, performance and capabilities.
Prerequisites of AI for Seafarer

35. Response
• They should instead be considered as active actors that
change and influence their environments and the people and
machines around them.
Prerequisites of AI for Seafarer

36. Types of Jobs
There will be two types of jobs
• Operators
• Programmers and shore control
• AI should more correctly be described as Assisted
Intelligence – Robotic systems will be controlled
and managed by intelligent humans till the system
gets fully trained.

37. Change Required in Syllabus
• In BSc Syllabus increase mathematics portion and
electronics portion, hardware maintenance, cyber
security awareness
• Should be able to understand circuit diagram
• Control system should also be included in the
syllabus
• Basic fundamental subjects should be included like
mechanics, hydraulics
Existing officers have a module to cover Maths,
Electronics, Computer software and hardware

38. Safe Return to Port
• Vessel should be designed taking into
account Safe Return to Port which is now
applicable to Passenger vessels.
• Full redundancy for propulsion and electrical
production will be required as well as for
Steering system

39. Safe Return to Port
• In case of casualty affecting the bridge, an
alternative place shall be arranged where
essential equipment (fixed or portable) for
navigation.
• We recommend for ECDIS the software and
the chart should be loaded in a laptop and
kept in master’s cabin.

40. Summary
• AI is the future of the all industry including
marine industry
• The pace of progress of AI is incredibly fast
due to economic reasons
• We have accept the fact and upgrade
accordingly

41. Thank you
Image Source
searchenterpriseai.techtarget.com
wikipedia