Biology STPM chapter 13

1. Tuberculosis (TB)
Causes & Symptoms
Transmission
Roles of social, economic & Biological factors in
prevention of Tuberculosis

2.  Caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
 Attack the lungs & damage other parts of the
body
 Cause chronic cough
 Blood-tinged sputum (coughed out mucus)
 Fever
 Night sweats
 Weight loss
Causes & Symptoms

5. Normal Tuberculosis

6.  Through cough, sneeze, speak, sing which
expel infectious aerosol droplets 0.5-5μm in
diameter
 Requires prolonged contact between people
 Bacterium can resist drying out & survive in
air/house dust for long periods
 The probability of tuberculosis depends:
Transmission

7. - Number of infectious droplets expelled by the
carrier
-Effectiveness of ventilation
The duration of exposure
-The virulence of the M. Tuberculosis strain
-The level of immunity in uninfected person

8. Social factors
 Good personal hygiene (Infected person
should wear masks & avoid public places)
 Education (TB prevention program through
community education)
Roles of social, economic & biological
factors in prevention of Tuberculosis

9. Economic factors
 Vaccination of infants & the detection &
appropriate treatment of active cases.
 Immigrants undergo health screening
 Build more hospital
 Antibiotic

10. Biological factors
 Early treatment
 Oral vaccines like BCG (Bacillus Calmette-
Guerin)