Man is a complex being composed of a physical body, intellect, and emotions. He differs from other animals in aspects like walking upright, having opposable thumbs, and a more complex brain. Man is also rational, shares traits like curiosity and imagination, and is capable of advanced techniques like cooking. Philosophically, man has been viewed as a rational and social being created in God's image by classical thinkers, and as responsible for himself and others by existentialists. An educated man is refined, aware of his role in service of others, and uses his knowledge and values to benefit his community.

1. Chapter 2
What is
Man?

2. THE NATURE OF MAN
 Man is a complex organism, for he is
composed of a physical body, intellect,
and emotions.
 Man is scientifically named homo
sapiens.
 Man differs from other animals in
biological and behavioral aspects.
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4. 1. Man walks upright on two feet. Other animals walk on four
feet and their bodies are parallel to the ground; others just
crawl.
2. Man has two able hands with opposing thumbs which he uses
for handling things. Animals, except the ape, have no
opposing thumbs.
3. Man has a more complex brain than animals.
4. Man has the capability to nourish and take care of his
offspring.

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1. Man is rational. Animals are irrational.
2. Man has complex techniques of producing, procuring,
preparing and cooking food. Animals just roam around and
procure their food with their mouths or claws and eat their
food raw.
3. Human beings share curiosity, imitation, attention, memory,
and imagination.

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8. CLASSICAL VIEW
 Classical philosophers, man is a creature
endowed with hierarchical virtues whose
nature is designed to serve as building
blocks of society.
 From the point of view of Aristotle, man
is a rational and a social being.
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9. CHRISTIAN VIEW
 The Judaeo-Christian philosophers
considered man as the “image of God”.
Genesis 1:27 (Holy Bible)
“God created man in His own image; in
the image of God He created him; male
and female. He created them.”
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10. EXISTENTIALIST VIEW
 Teilhard de Chardin (1970) says that man
is a being who knows what he knows.
 Martin Heideger (cited by Palispis, 1995)
believes that man is responsible not only
for himself but for all men.
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11. EXISTENTIALIST VIEW
1. Man is raised above the abyss of
nothingness.
2. He lives on the dividing line between the
past, the present and the future.
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12. ORIENTAL
PHILOSOPHICAL VIEW
 Mencius (cited by Cruz, 1993) speaks of
human nature as originally good. He
mentioned the four beginnings that belong to
man’s original nature, namely:
1. Jen
2. Yi
3. Li

13. ORIENTAL
PHILOSOPHICAL VIEW
1. Jen – the feeling of commensuration, which
is the beginning of the virtue of human
heartedness.
2. Yi – the feeling of shame and dislikes, which
is the start of righteousness.
3. Li – the feeling of modesty and yielding
towards the good. This is the beginning of
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14. The only way for man to be happy is to free himself
from the slavery of his selfishness and inordinate sexual
desires. Gautama Buddha says:
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“Never in this world does
hatred cease by hatred.
Hatred ceases by love… Let
us live happily not hating
those who hate us. Let us
live free among men who
hate. Let a man overcome
anger by kindness, evil by

15. The following is Lao Tzu’s paradox of man:
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The wise man does not
accumulate for himself:
He lives for other people
And grows richer himself,
He gives to other people
And has greater abundance.

16. CONTEMPORARY VIEW
 Man is said to be a multi-bejeweled crown
of creation.
 Man is the only creature who governs and
directs himself and his actions.
 Man is a human being. As a true human
being, he has the power to become the best
among all creations.
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17. MAN AS A PERSON
Every man is born
inimitable, each one
different from others.
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MAN AS A RATIONAL
BEING
Man as a rational
being, gifted with
intellect and free will.

18. THE EDUCATED MAN
Education is indeed a dynamic process of growth and
development, an acquisition of knowledge, skills, and the
right attitude or values that make man do better.
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What is the essence of an educated man?
Who is an educated man?
 A man of education is refined in his manner.
 He is grateful for God’s blessings and is aware of his role in life,
which is to share his gifts and be of service to mankind.
 He is one who has acquired knowledge, skills, and attitudes.
 He is one who has gained training in school and who has been doing
his role in society and displays quality of culture and learning.
 A man who values charity, love and justice in humanity.
 He is one who uses his knowledge, skills, and values
in the development of the community and country.
 An educated man is one who does not only attain a higher
Level of education from a learning institution but one who has
learned from his or her own experiences in life.

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What is the essence of an educated man?
Who is an educated man?
 An educated man is one who does things right.
 He is considered educated if he has a cultivated mind, effective
speech and refined manners.
 An educated man has faith in God.
 An educated man knows how to deal with others and does not hinder
the success of his fellowmen.
 An educated man has self-discipline and self-control.
 An educated man is cultured, knows how to adapt himself
in any situation.
 An educated man is one who functions well in the
community to which he belongs.

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What is the essence of an educated man?
Who is an educated man?
 An educated man is a man of principle and manages to understand
things for the betterment of the majority.
 He works not only for his own interest but also for the society to
which he belongs.
 He is open to criticism, latest developments, and new ideas.
 An educated man is a man of good values, is dignified and just
towards his fellowmen.
 An educated man is a socially aware individual and
willing enough to impart his knowledge.
 He is God-fearing, and he appreciates and value life
and his surroundings.

22. Thank You!
Instructor: Fritzil Anne P. Narciso