explicación concreta de tiempo simple y continuo

1. Universidad Yacambú
Facultad de Humanidades
Psicología
Catedra: Idioma Básico Intensivo
Bachiller:
Framnick Pacheco
Expediente:
HPS-151-0540
Profesor:
Luis Chavez
Marzo, 2016.
Simple and Continuous Tenses

2. Simple present. This simple structure:
The structure of the present simple verb is usually the same as the infinitive form in
all persons except the third person singular, where it adds an "s" or "es":
I work, you work, she / he / it / works, we work, They work.
I go, you go, she / he / it goes, We go, They go.
With verbs ending in a consonant + "and" we changed the "y" to "i" + "is" in the third
person singular:
she/he/it cries (del verbo "cry" - llorar)
The interrogative form:
This simple questions usually require an auxiliary. The auxiliary we use is "do". This
auxiliary is placed before the subject of the verb. The main verb is in the infinitive without
"to":
Do you like pizza? (¿Te gusta la pizza?)
Do José and Morelia go to the cinema often? (¿Van a menudo al cine José y Morelia?)
Why do you want to sell your house? (¿Por qué quieres vender tu casa?)
"Do" cambia a "does" en la tercera persona singular.
Does the sun shine a lot in Spain? (¿Brilla mucho el sol en España?)
Does studying English make you tired? (¿Te cansa estudiar inglés?)
With questions that employ "do" the person is reflected in the structure of the
auxiliary, not the verb:
Does Alberto shopping on Thursdays? (¿Va Alberto de compras los jueves?)
And not: Do Alberto goes shopping on Thursdays?
The negative form:
The negative form of the verb in present tense used "do + not" (do not = "do not" in
the informal or spoken) or "does + not" (does not) (in the third person singular) with the most
verbs in English. Again, the main verb after the auxiliary "do" is the infinitive without "to":

3. We do not often go on holiday; we do not like going abroad. (We will not go on vacation
often; we do not like traveling abroad.)
It does not rain much in Seville in summer. (It does not rain much in Seville in summer.)
José and Morelia do not drive. (José and Morelia do not drive.)
Do not you want any more cake? No, thank you, I do not. (Do not want more cake? No,
thanks.)
Does not Alberto study Inglés? No, I does not. (Not Alberto studied English? No.)

4. Past simple structure:
The simple past has two forms: regular and irregular. Those are considered regular
verbs that end in "ed" in the past tense:
Walked, liked, jumped, wanted, waited, faded, played, cried, telephoned, etc.
(anduvo, gustó, saltó, quiso, esperó, palideció, jugó, lloró, telefoneó.)
Other verbs irregular verbs that do not follow this rule are considered:
Went, had, Taught, bought, put, made, wrote, was and were, sat, etc.
(It was, was, taught, bought, put, he wrote, was and went and sat down.)
Changes to the infinitive simple past.
Many regular verbs simply "ed" is added to the infinitive to form the simple past:
Continue - continued (continuar)
divide - divided (dividir)
die - died (morir)
disagree - disagreed (estar en desacuerdo)
A regular verbs that end in "e" silent or pronounced, "d" is added:
Continue - continued (continuar)
divide - divided (dividir)
die - died (morir)
disagree - disagreed (estar en desacuerdo)
If the infinitive ends in a consonant + "and" (and the verb is regular), we change the
"y" to "i" and add "ed". As these verbs end in "ed", they are regular verbs:
worry - worried (preocupar[se])
carry - carried (llevar en la mano)
copy - copied (copiar)
cry - cried (llorar)
reply - replied (contestar)
fry - fried (freir)
bury - buried (enterar [en la tierra])
identify - identified (identificar)
hurry - hurried (darse prisa)
marry - married (casar[se])

5. There are some differences between British English spelling (Br.E) and American
English (Am.E):
to Practise (Br.E) - to practice (Am.E) (practice)
Infinitives ending in a consonant - vowel - consonant, double the last letter in the
regular form of simple past:
rob - robbed (robar)
slip - slipped (resbalar)
clap - clapped (aplaudir)
stop - stopped (parar)
admit - admitted (admitir)
Remember that, generally, the English verb simple past has no inflections. That is,
there is only one way for all people:
I walked, you walked, he / she / it walked, we walked, they walked.
(Yo, tú (usted, ustedes etc.), él / ella / una cosa / nosotros, ellos, anduve, anduvo etc.)
The interrogative form:
The questions in the past simple use the auxiliary "did" in most cases followed by the
subject + verb in the infinitive:
I went to a football match yesterday. (Fui a un partido de fútbol ayer.)
Did you go to a football match yesterday? (¿Fuiste a un partido de fútbol ayer?)
I watched a good film last week. (Vi una buena película la semana pasada.)
Did you watch a good film last week? (¿Viste una buena película la semana pasada?)
The past tense of the verb "to be" does not take the auxiliary "did" to form questions.
There are simply investment between the subject and the verb "to be":
She was at home. (Estuvo en casa.)
Was she at home? (¿Estuvo en casa?)
José and Morelia were on the beach together. (José y Morelia estaban juntos en la playa.)
Were José and Morelia on the beach together? (¿José y Morelia estaban juntos en la playa?)
The old man was in the library yesterday. (El anciano estaba en la biblioteca ayer.)
Who was in the library yesterday? (¿Quién estaba en la biblioteca ayer?)

6. Omission of the auxiliary "did" in questions.
Sometimes a verb usually takes "did" is used to form questions without this aid. When
a word "wh" (what, when, how, where, etc. [qué, cuándo, cómo, donde, etc.]) refers to the
complement of the phrase, use "did". If the word "wh" refers to the subject of the sentence,
no use of the auxiliary. This is common with the words "wh": "who" (quíen), "which" (cuál/
qué) and "what" (qué):
Who did you see yesterday? (who = complemento)
(¿A quién viste ayer?)
I saw John.
(Vi a John.)
Which dress did you buy? (which dress = complemento)
(¿Qué vestido compraste?)
I bought the red one.
(Compré el rojo.)
What did you do last night? (what = complemento)
(¿Qué hiciste anoche?)
I didn't do anything.
(No hice nada.)
Who went to the cinema yesterday? (who = sujeto)
(¿Quién fue al cine ayer?)
Morelia went to the cinema.
(Morelia fue al cine.)
Which cat ate the fish? (which cat = sujeto)
(¿Qué gato comió el pescado?)
The black cat ate the fish.
(El gato negro comió el pescado.)
What happened last night? (what = subject)
(¿Qué pasó anoche?)
Nothing happened.
(No pasó nada.)
En las frases aquí arriba, las formas: "who did go to...?"; "which cat did eat...?" y
"what did happen?" no son posibles.

7. The negative form:
We use the auxiliary "do + not" but in the past: "did + not":
I did not wait for the bus This Morning. (I did not wait for the bus this morning.)
José and Morelia did not play squash this week. (José and Morelia did not play squash this
week.)
In the same manner as in the present tense, the verb "to be" does not use the auxiliary
but combined with "not" - "was not", "were not" or in the forms contracted in an English.
Spoken or informal written:
It was not a very nice meal. (It was not a very good meal.)
Were not My friends at the disco last night. (My friends were not at the club last night.)

8. Functions "simple future"
Esl "simple future" refers to a post-current and expresses facts or certainties time. In
this case, there is no place for attitude.
The "simple future" is used:
To predict a future event: It will rain tomorrow.
With "I" or "we" to express a spontaneous decision: I'll pay for the tickets by credit
card.
To express desire or willingness to do something: I'll do the washing-up.
I'll carry your bag for you.
In a negative way, to express refusal or unwillingness to do something: The baby
will not eat His soup. I will not leave until i've seen the manager!
In interrogative form with "shall" and "I" to make an offer: Shall I open the
window?
In interrogative form with "shall" and "we" to make a suggestion: Shall we go to
the cinema tonight?
In interrogative form with "shall" and "I", for advice or instructions: What shall I
tell the boss about this money?
With "you" to give orders: You will do exactly as I say.
In interrogative form of "you" to formulate an invitation: Will you eat to the dance
with me? Will you marry me?
Note: In the current English, will have preferential use against Shall. "Shall" is used
primarily with the first people, I and we, to offer or suggest something, or for advice (see
examples above). With other people (you, he, she, They) "shall" is used only in poetic or
literary constructions, e.g. "With rings on her fingers and bells on her toes, She Shall Have
Music wherever she goes."

9. Formation of "simple future"
El "simple future" está compuesto por dos partes: will / shall + infinitivo sin to
Contractions
To see: "simple future"
Sujeto will infinitivo sin to
Afirmativa
I will go
I shall go
Negativa
They will not see
They won't see
Interrogativa
Will she ask?
Interrogativa negativa
Won't they try?

10. Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa Interrogativa
Negativa
I will see I won't
see
Will I see? Won't I see?
*I shall see *Shall I see?
You will
see
You
won't
see
Will you see? Won't you see?
He will see He won't
see
Will he see? Won't he see?
We will
see
We
won't
see
Will we see? Won't we see?
*We shall
see
*Shall we
see?
They will
see
They
won't
see
Will they
see?
Won't they
see?
* "Shall" is deprecated but is normally used instead of "will" with affirmative and
interrogative constructions in the first person (I and we) in certain cases (see above).

11. Present continuous structure:
The structure of the present continuous is subject auxiliary + "to be" + verb + ing root.
José is working. (José está trabajando.)
Morelia and her mother are swimming. (Morelia y su madre están nadando.)
The contracted forms are allowed in an English spoken or informal written English.
John's working, I'm eating, you're drinking, he's / she's / it's coming, we're painting, they're
studying.
The interrogative form:
No investment with the auxiliary "to be" and the subject:
Is José working? (¿José está trabajando?)
Are Morelia and her mother swimming? (¿Están nadando Morelia y su madre?)
The negative form:
The word "not" you can normally join both the subject and the auxiliary "to be" in the
contracted form is used:
You're not watching TV or you are not watching TV. (No estás viendo la tele.)
He's / she's / it's not waiting or he / she / it is not waiting. (No está esperando.)
We're not reading or we are not reading. (No estamos leyendo.)
They're not playing football or playing football They are not. (No están jugando al fútbol.)
The computer's not working or the computer is not working. (No está funcionando el
ordenador.)

12. BUT:
I'm not studying at the moment Inglés. And never "I amn't studying English...". (No
estoy estudiando inglés de momento.)