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Scholarly Vs. public search Engines

2. REQUEST PROGRAM INFO
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Educational Search Engines College Students Should Know About
scholarly search engines every student should bookmark
After hours spent scrolling through Google and pulling up endless clickbait results, you’re
frustrated with the internet. You have a paper to write, homework to do and things to learn.
You know you won’t get away with citing Wikipedia or Buzzfeed in your research paper. Even
the big news engines aren’t scholarly enough. You need reputable sources for your
homework, and you need them now.
With so many resources online, it’s hard to narrow it down and find ones that are not only
reliable and useful, but also free for students. We’ve saved you the time and picked out our
15 best free search engines for research.
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3. Google Scholar & Other Scholarly Search Engines
Introduction
Anyone working in or getting an education in public administration can have loads of research to do and little
time. Even items such as the difference between public administration certificates, bachelor’s
degrees,and doctorate degrees, can all take up valuable time. And if looking for a search engine or database
just for public administrators beyond the basics like Google and local government office, there are even more
difficulties.
To help make things easier, we have gathered 20 specialty search engines and web databases for public
administrators. They include searches of government databases, private search engine utilizations, and even
a few lesser and well known entries, along with why you should consider making the switch from your current
search engine.
Google Scholar
Google Scholar is a good starting point for your research because:
• It uses the Google interface which is familiar to most people and easy to use.
• It searches only sites which contain scholarly works, although it is not clear how it defines this.
• It is a large database, containing many different resources, so it is easy to find
something quickly.
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4. • You can import references from Google Scholar into reference management
packages like Endnote or Reference Manager. However, this does not always work as well as it
might and there are other subject specialist databases (e.g. Web of Science) where this process
is more reliable.
• It searches Open Access repositories (i.e. a place where research material is stored and whose
contents are freely available to everyone).
• It may be better at finding ‘grey literature’ (e.g. reports) which is not indexed in the subscription
databases.
Google Scholar should not be the only tool you use because:
• It gives the impression of wider coverage than is actually the case. Some important publishers
of academic journals are not included.
• Publishers are reluctant to make their content freely available which restricts the scope of
Google Scholar.
• Google is a free service and uses software to index material rather than using people.
This leads to inconsistencies in indexing, e.g. in the way authors are indexed. To
search for Ian Andrew Smith you would therefore need to search for ‘I Smith’, ‘Ian A.Smith’, ‘Ian
Andrew Smith’ as well as ‘IA Smith’.
• It is not possible to search the indexes of the database to check spellings or thenumber of hits
for a particular keyword.
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5. • It is not clear what Google Scholar’s coverage is in terms of dates and sources, or how
frequently it is updated.
• It is not even in its coverage of disciplines, for example science, technology and
medicine are covered more comprehensively than business and the humanities.
• It is better at finding more common material that is heavily used, but less successful at finding
obscure or unusual material that can be of importance to researchers. This is due to the
algorithms used in the relevance ranking of the results.
• It is not possible to sort your results by author or journal name which many other databases
allow.
• Google Scholar primarily indexes electronically available material, so a researcher runs the risk
of missing material only published in a printed format.
Advanced search
To do an advanced search in Google Scholar, simply click on the down arrow at the end of the
search box. The following menu will appear:
This will enable you to search for specific keywords, restrict your search to article title, broad
subject area, date, etc, as well as well as look for articles by particular authors.
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6. Finding full text (i.e. getting hold of the article)
There are links to full-text journal articles in Google Scholar, but many of these articles need to
be paid for unless the Library has a subscription to the journal in which they are published or
they are in an Open Access repository. The University of Birmingham Library has created links in
Google Scholar to enable you to get the full-text of articles from the electronic journals that we
subscribe to. There are four routes to finding the full text of documents:
 If you see the FullText!@BHAM link after
the title, it means we have a subscription.
Clicking on this link will take you to a
menu which may give you several
choices of platforms for the full text. Click
on the ‘Go’ button to get to the full text.
 A FindIt!@BHAM link amongst the links at
the end of the record means that Google
Scholar is not aware of a University of
Birmingham Library subscription but will
check to see if there is one.
 If the Library does not subscribe to the
journal in which the article is published,
you may still be able to see a free version
of the paper if it is in an Open Access
repository. To locate such free articles you
will need to click on the link to other
versions e.g. all 3 versions » which occurs
after the title if present.
 If there is no subscription and no free
version of the article, it is possible that we
have a print copy of the journal. To find
out if we do, you need to search for the
journal in FindIt@Bham.
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NB. You will only see the FullText!@BHAM and FindIt!@BHAM links if you are using a computer on-campus, unless you do one of the following:
1. Log-in to FindIt@Bham (http://findit.bham.ac.uk)
This is the main route for using Google Scholar off-campus.
If you would like further help carrying out your literature search please contact your library
Subject Advisor: https://intranet.birmingham.ac.uk/subjectsupport
All Library Services documents are available in other formats, please contact Library Services on 0121 414 5828 or
https://intranet.birmingham.ac.uk/as/libraryservices/library/contact/justask.aspxfor information G04 – AP/SLP – 09/2012.

7. You are here
Home » Research » Research & Course Guides » What's the Difference between Scholarly Journals and Popular Magazines?
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What's the Difference between Scholarly Journals and Popular Magazines?
Why does it matter?
In your research project or paper, you need to show how your ideas relate to those of others.
In most cases, you'll want to use articles from scholarly journals to support your arguments
because these are written by experts, include references you can consult, and have been
carefully edited.
Sometimes, depending on your topic, you'll need to use articles from popular magazines. Be
sure to check with your professor or instructor that the sources you're using are acceptable for
the assignment's requirements.
Finally, whatever sources you use, evaluate them carefully.
Does the author show bias and does it affect his/her conclusions?
Is the information accurate?
Does the author support his/her arguments with credible evidence?

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Scholarly Journals Popular Magazines
Examples: Journal of Politics, Philosophical
Quarterly, World Politics, Human Biology
Examples: People, Time, Newsweek, Vogue, Natio
nal Geographic, The New Yorker
Articles written by experts: often professors Articles written by non-specialists
Articles often go through a peer review
process: independent experts evaluate the
article before it's published
Articles are reviewed by an editor, but not by a
panel of experts
Articles have footnotes and bibliographies
Articles may or may not mention sources in the
text
Minimal advertising, graphics, or illustrations
unless relevant to the article (for example,
journals)
Extensive advertising, lavish photos, colorful
cover to market the magazine
A Quick Comparison

9. Comparison Chart: Scholarly (Academic) vs Popular Articles
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Journal – Scholarly
(Academic)
Magazine –Popular
Contents Detailed report of original research Commentary about the original research (experiment
or event) by someone who was not involved in the
research or present at the event.
May include personal narrative, opinion, or anecdotes
Author Author’s credentials are given:
professional degree (Ph.D, MD) and institutional
affiliation. Author is usually a scholar with subject
expertise.
Author may or may not be named in article; often is a
journalist or professional writer. May or may not have
subject expertise.
Audience Scholars, researchers and students General public
Language Specialized terminology or jargon of
the field
Uses everyday language
understandable to most readers
Layout of
article
Highly structured organization:
Includes objectives of the experiment;
methodology; results and analysis of the results;
conclusion andbibliography.
Informal organization: colorful,attractive typography
and formatting, usually includes illustrations or
photographs. Layout is meant to
attract interest of general audience.
References An extensive list of references is always present.
All facts can be verified.
Often not included. If present, references to resources
may be few in number.
Examples Developmental Psychology, Journal of the
American Medical Association, American Journal
of Political Science, etc.
Scientific American, Psychology
Today, U.S. News and World Report, Business Week,
etc.
Professional
review
Manuscript must go through a peerreview
evaluation by an editorial board of experts in the
field. In order to be published, its quality of
research and contributions to knowledge must
be judged valuable.
Manuscript is reviewed by the magazine’s editor(s)
who may not have any special knowledge of the
subject matter.

10. The Number of Scholarly Documents on the Public Web
The number of scholarly documents available on the web is estimated using capture/recapture
methods by studying the coverage of two major academic search engines: Google Scholar and
Microsoft Academic Search. Our estimates show that at least 114 million English-language
scholarly documents are accessible on the web, of which Google Scholar has nearly 100 million.
Of these, we estimate that at least 27 million (24%) are freely available since they do not require
a subscription or payment of any kind. In addition, at a finer scale, we also estimate the number
of scholarly documents on the web for fifteen fields: Agricultural Science, Arts and Humanities,
Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science, Economics and Business, Engineering, Environmental
Sciences, Geosciences, Material Science, Mathematics, Medicine, Physics, Social Sciences, and
Multidisciplinary, as defined by Microsoft Academic Search. In addition, we show that among
these fields the percentage of documents defined as freely available varies significantly, i.e., from
12 to 50%.
Figures
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13. Masters In Public Administration
Search Online MPA Degrees, Programs
20 Specialty Search Engines and Web Databases for Public Administrators
Government Specialty Search Engines and Web Databases for Public Administrators
.1 Google Scholar
If you want practically all the scholarly items available on the web, chances are Google has most
of them. Researchers can find papers, abstracts, citations, and more literature on one place. You
can also search for patents, legal opinions, and journals.
.2 FedWorld.gov
Use this search engine to search over 30 million government web pages on USA.gov. This site is
owned and managed by the National Technical Information Service and offers various sub
searches. The main page also has links to many popular searches such as Supreme Court
decisions and federal documents.
.3 Search USA.gov
The official site of the U.S. government, you can simply type in your search term to begin. They
also have popular search trends available for the clicking and even offer options in Spanish.
There are also searches for images, recalls, and forms.
.4 Gov Spot
Because simple is often the best, there is this search engine. You can look up the latest by type
of government, headlines, and many of the support networks. They also offer top lists such as
best high schools, government contractors, even the FBI’s most wanted list.
.5 Library of Congress
You don’t have to visit this national library to take advantage of its resources. You can search for
and find many items available online for the viewing over the web or find the item locally. There
are also specialized searches such as Thomas, which allows viewing of legislative documents,
and Copyright, which shares information related to copyrights.
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14. .6 GovEngine
Federal, state, county, and city governments are all addressed on this search engine. You can
click on your state to begin, or check out federal resources. There even search engines for
government sites in U.S. territories.
.7 Yahoo Gov
The search engine at Yahoo provides a special page for government searches. Simply type in to
begin, or search by the many sub categories such as law, politics, documents, and many others.
They also list popular government sites on the page.
.8 InfoMine
If looking for a scholarly government item, click here. This search engine allows you to look for
items by author, title, subject, and more. You can even search by level of government.
Research Specialty Search Engines and Web Databases for Public Administrators
iSeek
This search engine is targeted for students, teachers, administrators, and caregivers. There are
loads of safe and peer reviewed content for the reading, so you don’t have to worry about
accidentally clicking on something inappropriate. Returns often include government and
education entries.
Springer Link
If interested in just journal entries for your research, stop here. This publisher includes over five
million items on everything from architecture to physics available to read and cite over the web.
They also include books, series, references, and protocols.
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15. OJOSE
Stop here for the official home of the Online Journal Search Engine. Similar to the above, they
include many journal entries as results. Also included are articles, research, reports, and books.
Scirus
If looking for scientific research, stop here. With over 410 million scientific items indexed, it allows
researchers to search for not only journal content but also scientists’ homepages, courseware,
pre-print server material, patents, and website information.
Archive
Get a search engine for the internet here. This database is building an archive of the internet as
a digital library so you can search headlines, images, and many other items that were featured
on the web in their original form. Built for scholars, historians, and students, public administrators
can also find relevant archived items that were on the web.
FOIA
The Freedom of Information Act allows public administrators and anyone else to access non-
classified government documents. The official site allows you to view loads of information online
without having to turn in the usual forms. However, those who wish to do it the old fashioned way
can find out how and where to do so with a visit.
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16. Other Specialty Search Engines and Web Databases for Public Administrators
Duck Duck Go
Although the name makes it sound like a child’s search engine, it is more than that. Noted by
Lifehacker, Wired, and many others, it is a search engine for search engines. Typing in a word or
words here gets results from several of the usual search engine suspects in addition to zero click
information above the links with less spam and clutter.
Dogpile
In another metasearch entry, Dogpile takes results from several search engines and brings them
to one spot. The engine looks at all search terms and brings the results it deems most significant.
There is even a Metasearch 101 section that allows you to utilize it most.
SearchSystems.net
Need a search engine for public records? Then stop here to get access to over 55,000 public
records database. Search by category, state, and even type of record such as birth and marriage
records.
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17. Project Gutenberg
Over 36,000 free books with public copyrights are available at this site. You can search for many
classic and modern works on their book catalog. Also a good choice to download an entire work,
search for the line you need, and cite it for research.
Picsearch
Get just the images on this search engine. There are over three billion images available to
search and include many new and classics. You can also search for image license.
AOL
Why is this commonly known yet rarely used search engine mentioned? Those who have clicked
on a search result only to be taken to unsafe sites full of clickjacks and worse may already know
the answer. In fact, a recent study found that AOL had the safest search engine among Google,
Yahoo!, MSN, and Ask.
Whether a student or a professional who just needs information now, there are loads of unique
and easily accessible information on the above 20 specialty search engines and web databases
for public administrators
Not everything published in scholarly journals is appropriate to use as a resource for research.
Book reviews, editorial (opinion) pieces, short news items etc. do not count as "scholarly
articles". If you are unsure about using the information you've found, be sure to check with a
librarian or your professor.
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18. Popular Scholarly
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19. Conclusion
Researching is the most crucial step of writing a scientific paper. It is always a well-researched
scientific paper that inspires the assessor. At the same time, it must have genuine and authentic
information for credibility. With the development in Internet industry, i.e., web resources,
researching for scientific materials has now become a matter of a few clicks. Now students can
get information on any topic pertaining to science through academic search engines. They
provide a centralized platform and allow the students to acquire literature on any topic within
seconds. While there are many academic search engines available, there are some that have
the most trusted resources. They provide information on a range of topics from Engineering and
technology to Biology and Natural Science. They provide a one-stop solution to all research-
related needs for a scientific paper. Besides, they provide a personal and customized way to
search research materials on any given topic.
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20. Nearly all information resources have increased, at times dramatically, over the
last several years. In the United States from 1999 to 2002, books (original print)
have increased by 83% while online scholarly journals nearly doubled from 1997
Scholarly use of information: graduate students' information seeking behaviour
http://www.informationr.net/ir/11-4/paper272.html[6/21/2016 4:26:09 PM]
- 2001 (Lyman and Varian 2003). Faced with increasing competition from such a
major information source as the Internet combined with patron demands, the
average library budget that is spent on electronic materials has increased almost
fourfold, from an estimated 4% in 1992-93 to 13% in 1999-2000 (Association of
Research Libraries 2005: 7).
For academic libraries to adequately address the changing information needs of
its students, they need to know more about the information that students use and
value and what influences their information searching, obtaining, and use. To
address these questions this study explores graduate students' information seeking
behaviour as they pursue their scholarly activities-the role of people, the Internet,
the academic library, and other influences.
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21. refrences
"List of EBSCO databases". Ebscohost.com. Retrieved 2014-08-05.
"Academic Search Complete". Ebscohost.com. Retrieved 2014-08-05.
Aerospace & High Technology Database Archived November 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Rosenberg, Diana (1 January 2002). "African Journals Online: improving awareness and access". Learned Publishing. 15 (1):
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