2. (Verbal Sentence)
Present Perfect (Time Duration)
V1(s/es) + Have+V3(since, for….)
+) Subject + Have/Has + V3 + O + Adv
Indonesia has declared freedom since 1945
I, we, you, they have/ he she it has + declared
-) S + Have/Has + not + V3 + O + Adv
Since they live in Lombok, They haven’t visited the Rinjani
mountain.
?) Have/Has + S + V3 + O + Adv
Has she ever joined to the election?
3. (Nominal Sentence)
Present Perfect Nominal
V1(s/es) + Have+V3+ Be + Adj/Noun/Adv
+) Subject + Have/Has + Been + ANA
-) S + Have/Has + not + Been + ANA
?) Have/Has + S + Been + ANA
4. a. Trung has lived in Thai Nguyen city for three years. S+ v2+O
-> Trung lived in Thai Nguyen City three years ago.
b. He has studied English for one year.
-> He studied English one year ago/last year
c. We started studying 2 hours ago. S + v2 + V-ing (gerund) + adv
-> We have started studying for two hours.
d. He got married 20 years ago.
-> He has got married for 20 years.
e. The last time I saw her was in 1985. adv S v2 o adv
I have not seen her since 1985 s +have + not + v3 + adv
f. The new zoo restaurant has been opened for a week by schola.
The new zoo restaurant was opened by schola last week. be was/were
