This case study report summarizes the medical observations of a 31-year-old man who was injured in a rock climbing fall. The man fell 18 feet and suffered significant blood loss from a torn thigh artery. His body reacted with decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and other responses to preserve blood and oxygen flow. Observations at the hospital found orthostatic hypotension, pale skin, disorientation, and lethargy due to low blood volume. Lab tests showed abnormal urinary output and dehydration. He was given two units of whole blood and stabilized with normal hematocrit levels restored. The report concludes accidents can be prevented with more caution to avoid trauma and bleeding injuries.

1. 18/11/2014
Ryerson University
BLG701:
Anatomy
Title:
Case Study Report
Instructor:
Marie Killeen
Author:
Ferdos Albayedh
Student ID#:
500444390
Program:
Medical Physics
Semester: Fall, 2014
Due date: 18/11/2014 @11:59pm

2. Case Study Report
This case study is about a 31-year-old man, who got injured from rock-climbing. He
fell from an 18 feet to the ground. This case study carries medical observations to
be discussed. Therefore, this report will contain a brief explanation on the body
reaction, some observations on the case and lab studies observations (Killeen,
2014).
The primary problem is the patient got injured while rock-climbing. He suffered
from blood loss because he fell; he was soaking in blood; his right femoral ‘thigh’
artery ‘blood vessel’ was possibly ripped because that is where the tourniquet is
located (Killeen, 2014). The patient’s body would probably react with a decrease in
blood pressure because he lost a lot of blood. The heartbeat would go faster, and
vasculature would tighten all supportive nervous systems. In addition, platelet
coagulation begins, which is a blood particle involved in clotting. Then, epinephrine
would rise. Epinephrine is a hormone, which is drawn in the fight or flight reaction
in humans ((Adrenaline)? & Cashin-Garbutt, 2012). Furthermore, the blood is
preserved by ADH, which is known as an Anti-Diuretic Hormone ‘ADH’. It organizes
the permeability of the gathering channel to the water (163.16.28.248, 2014).
According to the case study, there were several observations made due to the
patient’s loss of blood. First, the orthostatic hypotension and the cause of it is low
blood volume. Low blood pressure equals low blood volume. The orthostatic
hypotension is a type of low blood pressure and it usually occurs when standing up
or sitting down. Its symptoms are dizziness or faintness (Mayoclinic.org, 2014).
Second, pale nail beds. It could be the cause of vasoconstriction; it narrows the
blood vessels by making small muscles in their walls (Nlm.nih.gov, 2014). Then, the
blood flow is lowered or blocked from reaching the extremities. Last but not least,
disorientation, which is a feeling of being lost or uncertainty of one’s location and
lethargy, refers to the feeling of slowness, lack of energy, and tiredness
(Rightdiagnosis.com, 2014). The reason behind this is a low blood volume, which
leads to reduced blood flow to the brain. Which means there isn’t enough oxygen
entering the brain for it to function normally.
The laboratory studies showed that his urinary output was not normal. Thus, he is
dehydrated. If there were no enough blood flow to the kidneys, a severe rejection of
kidney function occurs. The patient was given two units of whole blood. However,
the hematocrit was in a normal range ‘amount of red blood cells in percentage’
(Nlm.nih.gov, 2014). Assuming because the patient lost a lot of blood due to the fall,
meaning low blood volume and the system needs a whole blood to gain back what
the blood lost (Killeen, 2014).

3. In conclusion, such incident could cause trauma and bleeding, which result to many
deficiencies in the human body as a reaction. The patient was a bit lucky that he did
not suffer from any major injury that could have caused for his death or more
painful and longer period of recovery. Accidents like this happen with no alert.
However, it can be prevented with more caution.

4. Reference:
(Adrenaline)?, W., & Cashin-Garbutt, A. (2012). What is Epinephrine (Adrenaline)?.
News-Medical.net. Retrieved 19 November 2014, from http://www.news-
medical.net/health/What-is-Epinephrine-%28Adrenaline%29.aspx
163.16.28.248,. (2014). Chapter 46 - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Retrieved 19
November 2014, from http://163.16.28.248/bio/activelearner/46/ch46c1.html
Mayoclinic.org,. (2014). Orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension) Definition -
Diseases and Conditions - Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 19 November 2014, from
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/orthostatic-
hypotension/basics/definition/con-20031255
Nlm.nih.gov,. (2014). Vasoconstriction: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Retrieved
19 November 2014, from
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002338.htm
Rightdiagnosis.com,. (2014). Lethargy - RightDiagnosis.com. Retrieved 19 November
2014, from http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/lethargy.htm
Nlm.nih.gov,. (2014). Hematocrit: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19
November 2014, from
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003646.htm
Killeen, M. (2014). Case Study for BLG701 Fall 2014 (pp. 1-2). David A. Sandmire,
M.D., Marie Killeen.