1. Freezing an in Vivo Cancer:
Is it possible?

2. ! Introduction
! History
! Methodology
! Case studies
! Conclusion

3. ! What technique is used to freeze cancer and how?
! Cryotherapy

4. Development of Cryoablation:
• 2500 BC, Egyptians
• 1840’s, Dr. James Arnott
• 1938, Dr.Fay
• 1980, Technological
developments

5. ! Probes (2-8mm diameter)
are inserted through the skin
! Multiple probes needed for
tumors >3 cm
! Gas is passed through the
probes in which ice balls
forms surrounding the
tumor
1. Liquid Nitrogen
2. Argon gas

6. • Whole procedure is
monitored by
ultrasound, CT, MRI

7. ! Temperatures as low as -40˚C to -100˚C
! Damages tumor cells, killing them
1. Cell damage
2. Vascular damage
3. Apoptosis

8. Case 1 Case 2

9. ! Occurred in 2010 in Detroit, New York, US.
! The reason.
! The result..
Dr. Peter J.Littrup,

10. ! 2008 in Washington, D.C.
! The goal..
Dr. Christos Georgiades,
! The result

11. ! What are Cryoablation’s advantages and its slight
disadvantages?
1. Less invasive.
2. No general Anesthesia required.
3. Does not cause organ deformation within the
body.

12. ! Hinshaw, J. L., & Lee Jr, F. T. (2007). Cryoablation for liver cancer.
Techniques in vascular and interventional radiology, 10(1), 47-57.
! Mala, T. (2006). Cryoablation of liver tumours-a review of
mechanisms, techniques and clinical outcome. Minimally Invasive
Therapy & Allied Technologies, 15(1), 9-17.
! Schwartz, B. F., Rewcastle, J. C., Powell, T., Whelan, C., Manny Jr,
T., & Vestal, J. C. (2006). Cryoablation of small peripheral renal
masses: a retrospective analysis. Urology, 68(1 Suppl), 14.