hybrid rockets

1. BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
IGNITERS FOR HYBRID ROCKETS
BY : FAZEEL AHMAD
(MT/ET/10003/18)

2. Hybrid Rockets
• A hybrid rocket is a rocket with a rocket motor which
uses propellants in two different states of matter - one solid and the
other either gas or liquid.
• Hybrid rockets exhibit advantages over both liquid rockets and solid
rockets especially in terms of simplicity, safety, and cost.

3. Propellants
• Hypergolic propellants :- Hydrazine , Mono methyl hydrazine ,
unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine.
• Oxidizer :- Nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) ,Nitric acid (HNO3).
• Hydroxyl-terminated poly-butadiene (HTPB) with oxygen as oxidizer.

4. IGNITION METHODS FOR HYBRID ROCKET MOTORS
• Pyro-grain Ignition :-In the case of hybrid rocket motors using a
plastic fill tube, the plastic fill tube is run through the pyro-grain, so
when the pyro-grain ignites, it acts like a pyro-valve, thermally cutting
the plastic fill line as well as igniting the oxidizer and fuel.
• High Current Ignition :-High Current Ignition of hybrid rocket motors
involves passing a high current through a resistance wrapped around
a plastic fill tube, in an oxygen rich environment to ignite the fuel and
oxidiser.

5. IGNITION METHODS FOR HYBRID ROCKET MOTORS
• PIC Ignition :-In the PIC ignition method, a specific number of wraps of PIC
are made around a plastic fill tube at the injector end of a hybrid
combustion chamber, in hybrid rocket motors where the oxidizer tank is
filled by the plastic fill tube. An electrical igniter is attached to the PIC, and
the assembly is sealed with tape. When ignition is initiated, the PIC ignites,
cuts the plastic tube and ignites the oxidizer and the fuel.
• High Voltage Ignition :-The High Voltage Ignition method is used for hybrid
rocket motors where the oxidizer tank is filled via a metal fill tube. The High
Voltage ignition method involves injecting Gaseous Oxygen from a small
external Gaseous Oxygen tank into the combustion chamber, and then
initiating a high voltage electrical spark for ignition. In the oxygen rich
environment, this results in rapid ignition.

6. IGNITERS (Hydrogen & Oxygen Torch Igniter)

7. Hydrogen & Oxygen Torch Igniter
• Hydrogen and oxygen flow through separate ports into combustion
chamber in device, where they ignite by use of surface-gap spark
plug.
• Hot gases flow from this combustion chamber, through injector tube,
into larger combustion chamber containing fuel-oxidizer mixture to
be ignited.

8. Advantages of Hybrid Rockets
• Use of energetic propellant ingredients
• Handling
• Safety
• Reliability and Simplicity
• Low cost

9. Disadvantages of Hybrid Rockets
• Low fuel regression rate
• Low bulk density
• Mixture ratio shifting

10. REFERENCE
• "Hybrid Rocket Propulsion Overview“. Space Propulsion Group, Inc.
• "A Brief History of Hybrid Rocket Technology". Space Propulsion
Group, Inc.
• "Hybrid Rocket Engines Use Additive Manufacturing to Combine the
Advantages of Solid and Liquid Propellants". Stratasys.
Retrieved December 19, 2016.

11. THANK YOU