provided for 15 minutes discussing holography

1. Holography
Fatemeh Habibi
Atefeh Ghaffari
Adviser : Dr. Neshat

2. CONTENTS OF THIS
PRESENTATION
1- Introduction
2- Fundamentals of holography
3- On-axis and off-axis holography
4- Simulations of holographic recording and reconstruction
5- Phase-shifting holography
6- Holographic universe

3. 01
Describtion
02
History
Introduction

4. • Conditions of reference beam
• Materials of holography plane
Holograms made by individuals are usually exposed on
very high resolution photographic film coated with a
silver halide emulsion. Holograms made for mass
production are exposed on a glass plate pretreated
with iron oxide and then coated with photoresist.
Reference beam should be coherence

5. Fundamentals of holography
Difference between a photography & holography

6. A small semi-transparent object is illuminated by a light
source. The object scatters the light and creates a second
wave which superposes on the recording medium with the
reference wave originating from the source.
ON-AXIS HOLOGRAPHY
On-axis and off-axis holography
In Gabor’s original work, two
waves are superposed on a
recording medium.

7. OFF-AXIS HOLOGRAPHY
the twin-images and zero order light.
What was their idea?
Problems of on-axis:
They proposed separating and sending
them at different angles.
Who remove the
problems?
Leith and Upatnieks
However, to separate the beam was difficult in practice at that
time, when the best coherent source was the high pressure
mercury lamp, with coherent length of only about 0.1mm. The first
off-axis hologram worked until Leith and Upatnieks came up an
optical trick: to choose one line of the mercury lamp and send it to
a grating.
The technique of holography was greatly improved after 1961
when laser was used as the light source

8. Figure 1: Setup of off-axis holography
Figure 2: Setup for reconstructing the image using
the same reference beam as in the expose setup.
The reference beam is diffracted by the recorded
fringe patterns on the plate in a way such that the
diffracted beam seems to come from where exactly
the original object locates.

9. Step 1: Find the field in the hologram plane from the field in the object plane.
Step 2: Introduce a reference light to the hologram plane and calculate the resulting interference
fringes. This step together with step 1 is to simulate holographic recording.
Step 3: Find the field in the object plane from the field producing from the hologram (backward
propagation). This step is to simulate holographic reconstruction
Simulations of holographic recording and reconstruction

10. (a)Input image (original object)
(b) on-axis hologram
(c) spectrum of (b)
(d) reconstructed image
On axis simulation
The reconstructed image is disturbed by the zeroth-order light
and the twin image.
The bandwidth of the workspace must be twice the bandwidth
of the object light if the hologram is an on-axis hologram
In step 1,We usually use the ASM (angular spectrum method) to
simulate light propagation.
In step 3, we usually apply FDM (Fresnel diffraction method) to
simulate reconstruction

11. OFF-AXIS SIMULATON
(a) Off-axis hologram
(b) spectrum of (a)
(c) reconstructed image.
In off-axis holography the bandwidth of the workspace
must be at least four times the bandwidth of the object

12. A very effective method of removing these
terms was introduced by Yamaguchi and Zhang
where the complex field at the hologram is
obtained by phase-shifting interferometry.
Equations of amplitude and
phase of reference beam and
object.
Four holograms with phase shifts
By who?
The
interference
intensity
Phases
First
Equations
One other method of holography
Phase-shifting Holography

13. Holographic universe
Even though we appear to live in a three-dimensional
universe, it might only have two dimensions. It's called
the holographic principle.
3D hologram
2D universe
The holographic principle is a property of
quantum gravity theories which resolves the
black hole information paradox within string
theory.

14. TING-CHUNG POON
JUNG-PING LIU
2014 INTRODUCTION TO MODERN DIGITAL HOLOGRAPHY
Myung K. Kim 2010
Principles and techniques of digital holographic
microscopy
Jannes Gladrow 2019
DIGITAL PHASE-ONLY HOLOGRAPHY USING DEEP
CONDITIONAL GENERATIVE MODELS
Zi-lan Deng 2017 Optical holography
W.Goodman 1988 Introduction to Fourier Optics
BIBLIOGRAPHY

15. CREDITS: This presentation template was
created by Slidesgo, including icons by
Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik.
THANKS
Does anyone have any questions?
Fatemeh.habibi75@ut.ac.ir
Atefeh.ghaffari@ut.ac.ir
Tehran university