ABOUT ALCOHOLISM AND DRUG ABUSE

1. ALCOHOLISM AND DRUG ABUSE
SLOT: TCC1
FACULTY NAME: PROF. PUNITHAVELAN
NAME: EZHILARASAN.M
REG NO: 16MIS1064

2. ALCOHOLISM AND DRUG ABUSE
 INTRODUCTION ABOUT ALCOHOLISM
 “alcoholism is an illness characterized by significant impairment that is directly
associated with persistent and excessive use of alcohol. Impairment may involve
physiological, psychological or social dysfunction.”
 Definition - an alcoholic is a person, while alcoholism is the illness. An alcoholic
suffers from alcoholism. Alcoholism is a long-term (chronic) disease. Alcoholics
are obsessed with alcohol and cannot control how much they consume, even if it
is causing serious problems at home, work, and financially.

3. VARIES TYPES OF DRUG ABUSE
 Heroin
 Cocaine
 Crack
 Hallucinogens
 Amphetamines
 Marijuana
 Alcohol
 Prescription Drugs

4. How Alcohol Affects the Body
 Even a small amount of alcohol has an affect on our body. When you drink,
alcohol is absorbed into our bloodstream and distributed throughout our body. A
tiny amount of alcohol exits our body in our urine and your breath.
 Alcohol consumption causes physical and emotional changes that can do great
harm to our body. The long-term effects of alcohol abuse are many, putting our
health in serious jeopardy and endangering our life.

5. 1. Long term effects of alcohol
Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an
increased risk of alcoholism, malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis, alcoholic liver
disease, and cancer. In addition, damage to the central nervous system and
peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse.
Cancer of the mouth and throat
Disrupts normal brain development;
Liver damage and cirrhosis of the liver;
Brain cells die, decreasing brain mass;

6.  Stomach and intestinal ulcers and destroyed organs;
 Blood pressure increases, causing heart disease, heart attack, or stroke;
 Male sperm production decreases;
2.Short term effects of alcohol:
 Vomiting , Upset stomach
 Headaches, Breathing difficulties
 Decreased perception and coordination
 Unconsciousness
 Anemia (loss of red blood cells)
 Coma
 Blackouts (memory lapses, where the drinker cannot remember events that
occurred while under the influence)

7. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALCOHOL
Physical properties:
Boiling point of alcohols: Alcohols generally have higher boiling points in
comparison to other hydrocarbons having equal molecular masses.
In general, the boiling point of alcohols increases with increase in number of
carbon atoms in the aliphatic carbon chain.
Solubility of alcohols: Solubility of alcohol in water is governed by the hydroxyl
group present.
The hydroxyl group in alcohol is involved in the formation of intermolecular
hydrogen bonding.

8.  Acidity of alcohols: Alcohols react with active metals such as sodium,
potassium etc. to form the corresponding alkoxide.
These reactions of alcohols indicate their acidic nature. The acidic nature of
alcohol is due to the polarity of –OH bond.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALCOHOL:
Alcohols exhibit wide range of spontaneous chemical reactions
due to the cleavage of C-O bond and O-H bond. Some prominent chemical
reactions of alcohols are:
 Oxidation of alcohol: Alcohols undergo oxidation in the presence of an
oxidizing agent to produce aldehydes and ketones which upon further
oxidation give carboxylic acids.

9.  Dehydration of alcohol: Upon treatment with protic acids, alcohols undergo
dehydration (removal of a molecule of water) to form alkenes

10. ADVANTAGES OF ALCOHOL CONSUPTION:
 Relieves mental stress: It is believed to give relief from mental tension after daily
activities. Hence consumption provides relief from it.
 Provide better sleep. Alcohol has a sedative effect and hence drinking alcohol
promotes sleepiness.
 Increases in appetite. Alcohol rises blood flow to the stomach and gut and also a
slight irritant locally. This property rises hunger and there by food consumption.
 Keeps body warm in winter and cold conditions. it rises blood flow to the skin
and there by produces warmth.
 Helps put on weight to those who want to. Alcohol produces a high amount of
calories by metabolism in the body and there by

11. DISADVANTAGES OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
 Loss of self-control: Alcohol drinking loses self-control on the body and there by
leads to accidents.
 Damage to liver: Heavy consumption can damage the body organs and systems.
Especially liver, stomach, brain are affected. It can also lead to cardiovascular
troubles and Blood pressure etc. So having protein rich diet is necessary to
rejuvenate the liver.
 Nerve damage: It causes slow and progressive degeneration of nervous system.
Alcohol in chemical terms is highly lipophylic i.e. it
 Addictive: It is an addictive and people are prone to it. Leading to disturbance in
normal life style.

12. SOCIAL IMPACT DUE TO ALCOHOLISMSOCIAL IMPACT DUE TO ALCOHOLISM::
There are so many social impacts are there from that we will see here somewhat:There are so many social impacts are there from that we will see here somewhat:
 Poverty,
 Productivity,
 Unemployment,
 Violence between partners.
 Poverty:
In rural India the use of alcohol leads to loss of pay. Most workers in these areas are working
on daily wages and inability to work due to intoxicated state leads to this issue.
The economic consequences of alcohol consumption can be severe, particularly for the poor.
Apart from money spent on drinks, heavy drinkers may suffer other economic problems such
as lower wages and lost employment opportunities, increased medical and legal expenses,
and decreased eligibility for loans

13.  Productivity
Heavy drinking at work may reduce productivity. In Latvia, 10% of productivity losses
are attributed to alcohol. Performance at work may be affected both by the volume and pattern of
drinking.
Co-workers perceive that heavy drinkers have lower performance, problems in
personal relationships and lack of self-direction, though drinkers themselves do not necessarily
perceive effects on their work performance
 Unemployment
Heavy drinking or alcohol abuse may lead to unemployment and unemployment may
lead to increased drinking.
 effects on family
 alcoholism not only affect the social it’s also affect the family
Children can suffer Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), when mothers drink
during pregnancy. After birth, parental drinking can lead

14.  child abuse and numerous other impacts on the child’s social, psychological and
economic environment.
 The impact of drinking on family life can include substantial mental health problems
for other family members, such as anxiety, fear and depression.
 VIOLENCE BETWEEN PARTNERS
 Alcohol plays a role in a substantial number of domestic violence incidents, especially
in the case of abusing husbands. Often both the offender and the victim have been
drinking.
 The relationship between alcohol and domestic violence is complex and the precise
role of alcohol remains unclear.
 Heavy drinking has been strongly linked to violence between partners and to a lesser
extent to violence towards others, possibly because proximity increases the
opportunities for violence.

15.  AWARNESS TO ALCOHOLISM AND DRUG ABUSE:
 The Government must use all the media to propagate against the habit of
drug-taking.
 Voluntary organizations should pay more attention to instruct addicts how
to give up the vice to bring them to the main stream of public life without
shame or sorrow.
 Physicians should teach them how to prevent and avoid the evil and how to
lead a normal healthy life.
 Parents should pay more care, attention and love to their sons and
daughters.
 Reading of moral and religious books is also helpful to addicts.

16. CONCLUSION:
Alcohol is not an ordinary commodity. While it carries
connotations of pleasure and sociability in the minds of many, harmful
consequences of its use are diverse and widespread. From a global perspective,
in order to reduce the harm caused by alcohol, policies need to take into
account specific situations in different societies.
Drug addiction is a powerful demon that can sneak up on you
and take over your life before you know it has even happened. What started out
as just a recreational lifestyle has overcome your life and affected every single
aspect of it .