This document summarizes the portrayal of black people in 20th century movies and television in the United States. It discusses early racist films and characters like Stepin Fetchit. It also covers breakthrough performances by Lena Horne and Sidney Poitier who portrayed black people in more honest roles. The civil rights era brought an end to openly racist cartoons and shows. In the 1970s, black sitcoms and blaxploitation films emerged, though some relied on stereotypes. By the late 20th century, films made progress in showing the black experience in a more authentic light.

1. Blacks In Movies and Television In the 20th Century

2. A Crash Course Introduction Brought to You by Ethan Thomas

3. This Guy

4. The Beginning

6. This film by D.W. Griffith conveyed the theme that the down fall to society would occur if blacks were equal to whites .

7. Stepin Fetchit ( Lincoln Theodore Monroe Andrew Perry) An African American performer who became popular in the 20 and 30’s.

8. In his movies, Fetchit would bank in on performances that portrayed blacks as dumb, lazy, with little to no ambition .

9. Lena Horn was the woman that was able to find the roles that portrayed African American woman with honest interpretations. Lena Horn

10. Her Movies

11. Paul Robeson made forward strides in choosing roles that had honest portrayals of African American men through out the 30’s and 40’s. Most roles played by blacks at this time were that of servants or characters living under the sharecropper system. Paul Robeson

12. His Movies

13. The Cartoons

14. Many cartoon corporations would create racist depictions of African Americans through out the 30’s and 40’s

15. And a Racist Bugs Bunny Cartoon Little Black Sambo

16. From the movie Swing Time Blackface characters would also add to the oppressive climate.

17. Civil Rights Era

18. Racist Cartoons and shows like Amos & Andy, were banned by the mid to late 1960’s in large by pressuring from the NAACP filing complaints and forming viewer boycotts.

19. Diahann Carroll Diahann Carroll would follow up Lena Horn with positive African American female roles in the 50’s and 60’s.

20. Notable Films

21. Sydney Poitier Sydney Poitier would continue Paul Robeson’s legacy of portraying African American men in honest roles.

22. A Few of Poitier’s Films

23. In the 1970’s black sit-coms became popular on television.

24. Despite the accomplishment of having shows revolve around people of color, old Minstrel archetypes, Mammy and the Coon, could be seen in certain characters.

25. Zip Coon The character made a mockery of free blacks. An arrogant, ostentatious figure, he dressed in high style and spoke inappropriately. He also used puns that undermined his attempts to appear dignified. Mammy The character is defined as a source of earthy wisdom who is fiercely independent and brooks no backtalk. Although her image has changed a little over the years, the stereotype lives on. Her face can still be found on pancake boxes today.

26. Blacksploitation

27. In the 70’s, Blacksploitation movies would be the dominant source of African American Films. Despite the desire to have people of color in leading roles the stereotypes overshadowed this accomplishment. These movies were heavy on graphic sex scenes, violence, and stereotyped black men as pimps, black women as whores, and criminals.

28. The films eventually generated a backlash led by Black leaders that put an end to Blacksploitation films by 1980. (Padgett)

29. In the late 80’s and early 90’s, movies such as Glory , Do the Right Thing, and Boyz N the Hood would create a change by showing a side of black history as well as inner city street life many Americans were not use to witnessing on film.

31. In the late 80’s, Bill Cosby would recreate the Cosby Show. Following this show would be a series of Black sit-coms in the 90’s

32. The Parent Hood These shows would continue to strive for positive African American depictions, but still use minstrel archetypes to create a marketable program.

33. Halle Berry and Denzel Washington would be the two actors of this generation to find honest African American roles portrayed in the movies.

34. So what does all this mean for a person of color like myself going into the film business?

35. If I were asked by a writer, director, or producer to do this I cold voice a compliant… NOTE: As an intelligent audience understand the purpose of the following slides are not to incriminate as much as they are to raise awareness.

36. Not based on this

37. Nor this

38. Maybe this (Monkey is a derogatory term for a black person)

39. Definitely not okay .

40. A bit out dated?

41. So is this Jim Crow character

42. Okay

43. Pushing it

44. no

45. NO

46. NOOOOOOO!!!

47. I think the point has been made. Thank you for joining me on this trip through black films in the 20th century.

48. Johnson, Allan G. Privilege, Power, and Difference . 2nd ed. New York,NY: McGraw-Hill, 2006. Print. Padgett, Kenneth. (n.d.). Blackface! -the history of racist blackface stereotypes . Retrieved from black-face.com Smith, Jessie Carney. (2003). Black firsts . Canton, MI: Visible Ink Press.