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The Crucible
Arthur Miller
Arthur Miller
• The son of Polish-Jewish immigrants, Arthur
Miller was born on October 17, 1915, in New
York City, died 2002.
• Married 3 times:
1. First wife Mary Slattery was his college
sweetheart.
2. Second wife Marilyn Monroe
3. Inge Morath
Miller & Marilyn
• His daughter, Rebecca Miller, is married to
Daniel Day Lewis, who starred in the film
version of ‘The Crucible’(1996).
The Crucible
• The Crucible was written in 1953.
• It is a dramatization of the Salem Witch Trials
that took place during 1692 and 1693.
• Today it is studied all around the world
because of its exploration of justice and its
reflections on 1950’s America.
Allegory
• Miller wrote the play as an allegory to McCarthyism.
• An allegory is like a long metaphor. People have to use their
imagination to understand what it is trying to say. A fable is a short
allegory with a moral. It is often used as a way of criticizing things
or people where it would not be possible to do so directly.
For example:
• Jonathan Swift wrote Gulliver's Travels, which tells about the
strange customs of made-up countries, but he was really criticizing
things about his own country, the UK.
• Animal Farm by George Orwell is an allegory of the Soviet Union
during the Russian Revolution.
Joseph McCarthy
McCarthyism
• Senator Joseph McCarthy gained popularity by claiming
there was a communist threat from Russia.
• Many people in America were frightened by
communism post WW2.
• Many people, including intellectuals and celebrities,
were arraigned before the court, ostracized and
condemned.
• Miller himself was questioned by the House of
Representatives Committee on Un -American
Activities Committee in 1956 and convicted of
"contempt of Congress" for refusing to identify others
present at meetings he had attended.
Puritans
• In 1692 the majority of residents in Salem ( the setting of
The Crucible )were Puritans.
• Salem was a theocratic society.
• The Puritans left England after disputing the authority of
the King, claiming that the head of the church was Christ
not the King.
• They believed in the supreme power of God and were
frightened by the devil.
• People were expected to go to church and observe the
Sabbath.
• Religious leaders were powerful members of society.
Puritans
• Society was hierarchical. Husband over wife,
parents over children and masters over servants.
• They disapproved of Christmas celebrations,
festivities on a Saturday night, games of chance,
drama and dancing.
• They valued education, believing that all should
be able to read the bible and the law.
• People who did not conform were accused of
witchcraft.
Salem Witch Trials
• The trials took place in 1692.
• No other community experienced such
widespread panic and terror.
• At first the Puritans wished to convert the Native
Americans. When they resisted, the Puritans decided they
were agents of the devil who had to be destroyed.
• There were also rival factions
in the community.
• A slave, Tituba from Barbados, was
an exotic presence for the young girls
of a repressed colony and fuelled the fires
of suspicion.

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The crucible brief context revision

  • 2. Arthur Miller • The son of Polish-Jewish immigrants, Arthur Miller was born on October 17, 1915, in New York City, died 2002. • Married 3 times: 1. First wife Mary Slattery was his college sweetheart. 2. Second wife Marilyn Monroe 3. Inge Morath
  • 4. • His daughter, Rebecca Miller, is married to Daniel Day Lewis, who starred in the film version of ‘The Crucible’(1996).
  • 5. The Crucible • The Crucible was written in 1953. • It is a dramatization of the Salem Witch Trials that took place during 1692 and 1693. • Today it is studied all around the world because of its exploration of justice and its reflections on 1950’s America.
  • 6. Allegory • Miller wrote the play as an allegory to McCarthyism. • An allegory is like a long metaphor. People have to use their imagination to understand what it is trying to say. A fable is a short allegory with a moral. It is often used as a way of criticizing things or people where it would not be possible to do so directly. For example: • Jonathan Swift wrote Gulliver's Travels, which tells about the strange customs of made-up countries, but he was really criticizing things about his own country, the UK. • Animal Farm by George Orwell is an allegory of the Soviet Union during the Russian Revolution.
  • 8. McCarthyism • Senator Joseph McCarthy gained popularity by claiming there was a communist threat from Russia. • Many people in America were frightened by communism post WW2. • Many people, including intellectuals and celebrities, were arraigned before the court, ostracized and condemned. • Miller himself was questioned by the House of Representatives Committee on Un -American Activities Committee in 1956 and convicted of "contempt of Congress" for refusing to identify others present at meetings he had attended.
  • 9. Puritans • In 1692 the majority of residents in Salem ( the setting of The Crucible )were Puritans. • Salem was a theocratic society. • The Puritans left England after disputing the authority of the King, claiming that the head of the church was Christ not the King. • They believed in the supreme power of God and were frightened by the devil. • People were expected to go to church and observe the Sabbath. • Religious leaders were powerful members of society.
  • 10. Puritans • Society was hierarchical. Husband over wife, parents over children and masters over servants. • They disapproved of Christmas celebrations, festivities on a Saturday night, games of chance, drama and dancing. • They valued education, believing that all should be able to read the bible and the law. • People who did not conform were accused of witchcraft.
  • 11. Salem Witch Trials • The trials took place in 1692. • No other community experienced such widespread panic and terror. • At first the Puritans wished to convert the Native Americans. When they resisted, the Puritans decided they were agents of the devil who had to be destroyed. • There were also rival factions in the community. • A slave, Tituba from Barbados, was an exotic presence for the young girls of a repressed colony and fuelled the fires of suspicion.