Management if Business IA (MOB)

An investigationintohowthe leadershipstyle portrayedatthe MagdalenaGrandHotel and Golf Resort
impactsthe motivationof employeesandeffectivecommunicationwithinthe
business. 1
Management of Business
Name: Erica Dacas
School: Goodwood Secondary School
Candidate #:
Centre#:
Territory: Trinidad & Tobago
Teacher: Mr. D. McDougal
Year: 2016- 2017

business. 2
Table of Contents
Title page no.
Acknowledgements 3
Introduction 4-5
Research Topic 6
Aim of Study 6
Research Question 6
Study Objectives 7
Literature Review 8-11
Methodology 12-14
Presentation of Data 15-17
Analysis of Data 18-19
Interpretation of Findings 20-22
Recommendations and Conclusions 23-24
Bibliography 25-27
Appendices
 Appendix 1 28-31
 Appendix 2 32-36
 Appendix 3 37
 Appendix 4 38

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Acknowledgements
First and foremost I would like to thank god for the knowledge, strength and energy in
successfully completing this project. Sincere gratitude is given to both Mr. McDougall and Mrs.
Rodriguez with their guidance throughout completing this assignment as well as my mother
funding the necessary equipment needed.
I would like to express thanks to the Manager and employees at the Magdalena Grand and
Golf Resort hotel for dedicating their time and there cooperation in successfully completing the
task at hand

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Introduction
According to Naoum S (n d) motivation is a decision making process through which the
individual chooses the desired outcome and set in motion the behavior appropriate for acquiring
them. Two aspects on the motivation theory are Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and also Herzberg
Two-factor theory. In order for workers within an organization to work efficiently there needs
should be met in order to have a high productivity rate. Sadler P (2003) defined the term leadership
may be defined as the action of guiding a group of people or an organization. Leadership styles
differs and helps with how the communication level is within a business.
The Habits for well-being (2015) said that communication is the imparting or exchanging
of information through speaking, writing, or other mediums. Communication within a business is
very critical because this could determine if a business is successful or not. If there is good
communication between the supervisor and employees they may be enthused and make the product
or service of good quality.
The Magdalena Grand Beach and Golf Resort is an all-inclusive hotel which is located on
a Plantation Estate in the community of lowlands, Tobago; which was established 6 years ago that
helps to define the clean, green safe and serene features of the island. A golf course is situated on
the grounds of the hotel with two (2) and a half (1/2) miles of beach and beautiful coastline. The
word “Magdalena” as the name Tobago was once called was derived from one of Christopher
Columbus’ ships. The name pays homage to the island’s rich and diverse cultural traditions.

business. 5
The researcher observed that there was a mixture of both skilled and un-skilled workers
within the organization. There was an assessment to the leadership style and motivational
techniques portrayed at the firm in order to have a productive working area. This research will
broaden the researcher’s knowledge on what it takes to operate a business and also the best
leadership style to use. A majority of the details within this project will be helpful in helping the
researcher attaining their aspirations of being an entrepreneur. This will also teach lifelong
business lessons which would be used throughout their lives.

business. 6
Research Topic
 An investigation into how the leadership style portrayed at the Magdalena Grand Hotel and
Golf Resort impacts the motivation of employees and effective communication within the
business.
Research Questions
1. What type of leadership style is portrayed at the Magdalena Grand and Golf Resort hotel?
2. What are the types of motivational strategies that are used to encourage workers and the
communication channel utilized at Magdalena Grand and Golf Resort hotel?
Aim of the Study
The major aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which the leadership style impacts the
level of motivation of the employees and the channel of communication used at the Magdalena
Grand Hotel and Golf Resort in Lowlands Tobago.

business. 7
Study Objectives
In order to achieve the research questions above it is appropriate to identify and list the
major specific points in relation to the Magdalena Grand and Golf `Resort.
These objectives are as follows:
 To inquiry as to how the different aspects of the theories of motivation has
impacted the relationship between management and staff development.
 To ascertain the leadership styles being used at the Magdalena Hotel.
 To examine the communication channels at the firm as well as its barriers.

business. 8
Literature Review
Tom Madine (2017) defined leadership as being a style differing, but at the core, good
leaders make the people they are leading accomplish more than they otherwise would. The most
effective leaders do this not through fear, intimidation or title, but rather by building consensus
around a common goal." Leadership styles may differ according to the type of organization.
Stimpson (2007) implored that “leadership and motivation enhances productivity and teamwork
in an organization.” The four main types of leadership styles currently used in businesses are:
 Democratic- A democratic leader looks for consensus from his or her team, or at the very
least is open to their opinions said the St Thomas University (2014) A democratic leader
also tries to be open and approachable. It can also lead to a quagmire when it’s overdone,
but generally this seems to be the most effective management style.
 Authoritarian - Marc-Phillipe Lumpe' (2008) also called “Autocratic” management, this
style of leadership may not be the most pleasant for underlings, but it can be very
effective. The authoritarian leader sets a high bar and expects results.
 Laissez-Faire- By definition, Joseph C (2015) said “laissez faire leadership is a non-
authoritarian style of leading people, where leaders try to give the least possible guidance
to their subordinates and achieve control through less obvious means.” While this can
work out well if employees are self-motivated, it tends to be the least productive
management style.

business. 9
 Bureaucratic The bureaucratic style is based on Max Weber (1947). On the following
normative rules, principles and practices thus adhering to lines of authority in
organizational development.
The type of leadership showed in organization impacts employee’s motivation. Naoumn S.
(n d) viewed motivation as a decision process through which the individual chooses the desired
outcome and set in motion the behavior appropriate to acquiring them. Herzberg F (1950-1960)
developed the two factor theory of satisfaction and dissatisfaction of motivation in which he argues
that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are caused by two distinct factors.
Abraham Maslow (1943-1954), one of the influential theorist on motivation basically
agrees with Herzberg’s theory because he said that behind everything we do there is a need and
wants to be satisfied. These needs can create internal pressures that can influence a person’s
behavior. This theory is called “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”. Mcleod S (2016) implored that
the hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology encompassing a five tier model of
human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid.

business. 10
Fig 1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Source- https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
Trinh K (2014) implored that communication is simply the act of transferring information
from one place to another. Communication is very crucial to one’s development. This may take
the form of verbal or non-verbal. Tracii Hanes (2010) describes verbal communication to be using
sounds and language to reply to a message. The Good Therapy (2016) implored that non-verbal
communication is the act of conveying a thought, feeling, or idea through physical gestures,
posture, and facial expressions. However, barrriers to communication refers to the things that
causes a decrease or hinders effective communication. Some of these include bias, noise, roles,
position, culture and misinterpretation.

business. 11
A leader can only be successful in enhancing his employees’ performance. If his/her staff
accept their leadership style and respond appropriately to it. inSlideShare (2013) stated that
“common symptoms of leadership and motivation acknowledging that leadership and motivation
is a problem.” This may be a cause of bad business alignment, wrong practices, inadequate/rigid
organization process, innovative and techniques and tools needed to advance performance.
According to Williams J (n d) “managers must communicate effectively to enable opinion and
comment and encourage staff to generate ideas, reach decisions or even make mistakes. This safe
haven will build consensus and a sense of ownership among the workforce. Leaders can destroy
trust if they develop a reputation for quashing criticism or shooting the messenger. They also can
stifle motivation with an authoritarian stance on decisions instead of developing a sense of
accord within teams by encouraging input to reach resolution of challenges or choices that affect
the team’s effort and goals.”

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Methodology
In successfully acquiring the necessary information for this assignment, both quantitative
and qualitative methods of data collection were employed.
Interview- this was done with the Human Resource Manager at the firm. This method was
chosen because it is the most suitable primary resource to gather information because this
would capture the emotions and attitude of the entrepreneur also it is the fastest primary
resource method.
Questionnaire-The researcher gave questionnaire to the employees at the Magdalena
Grand Hotel and Golf Resort. The questionnaire is a type of research method that helps to
keep the respondent’s identity confidential and also for them to apply their responses as
how they see fit, furthermore to help voice their opinions towards the topic being studied.
Observation- this took place throughout the process of the research. This was done
coherently as to the fact that some of the workers weren’t aware of this method so it didn’t
affect their daily actives at the firm to an extent.
This was done with the participation of 101 employees in which 20 were men and
81 were women; 1 of the females was the HR manager in which was the interviewee. A
letter was handed to the manager of the enterprise seeking permission to conduct this
research there to which the permission was granted.
Graphs, charts and tables were used to represent the data collected. The table below
shows the dates, time and the activities done on each day and also some remarks.

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Date & Time Activities Remarks
January 16
At 9:00am
Letter was handed to the
manager
Agreed to let me conduct
my Internal Assessment
(I.A)
January 18
At 11:00am
Met with the manager of
the firm
Spoke about the Internal
Assessment (I.A)
January 20
Between the hours of
8:30 am- 12pm
Observed the interaction
between the manager and
workers
Noticed a lot of bonding
and a warm environment
January 26
At 2:00pm
10 questionnaires were
handed to the employees
They agreed to answer
them
January 30
At 6:00pm
Questionnaires were
collected from employees
Checked if everything
was answered
January 31
Between the hours of
10:00 am- 11:00am
The manager was
interviewed
He spoke of the
leadership style portrayed
and his roles and
functions within the
organization
February 2
At 9:00am
Express my gratitude to
the management and staff
for allowing me to
conduct my research
there.
They wished me the best
with my Internal
Assessment

business. 14
Throughout the process of the each activity mentioned above, the researcher encountered a
number of limitations. These are as follows:
 A number of employees realized they were being observed and as such adjusted their
behavior towards work which caused a level of uncertainty within the research.
 The firm is very large in which gave the researcher problems to get acquainted with the
manager.
 The Human Resource manager was interviewed instead of the general manager which
may have limited the quantity and quality of information passed on to the researcher.
 It was carnival season so there was problem getting an interview scheduled with the HR
Manager.
 The researcher had problems getting their sample of 100 employees because everyone
was busy.
 The researcher had problems in meeting by the hotel because it is 4 ½ miles away from
the main road and the business doesn’t provide transport for potential customers or its
employees.
 The head chef was German in which created barriers to communication because
employees had problems adjusting to his cultural practices.
 The kitchen is located on the lower section of the hotel and heavy duty machines does
generate a lot of noise so verbal communication is not done effectively.

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Presentation of Data
Fig 1.1- Shows the percentage of respondents in which were males and females.
80%
20%
Gender
Female
Male
100%
0%
Leadership Style
Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez- Faire
Bureacratic

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Fig 2.1- Shows the leadership that is shown at the Magdalena Hotel and Golf
Resort
Fig 3.1- A column graph showing what motivates the workers in the business.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Salary Leadership Style Environment Health Care
PERCENTAGES
MOTIVATIONAL TYPES
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Yes
No
Sometimes
Never
PERCENTAGES
OPTIONSGIVEN

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Fig 4.1- A bar graph showing the respondents response of them being involved in
the firm’s decisions.
Fig 5.1- A bar graph showing the respondents take on whether or not there is job
security at the firm.
Fig 6.1- A bar graph showing the respondents view on what percentage they
thought the leadership style impacts communication within the firm
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Yes No Sometimes
pecentages
choices of response
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
1-25%
26-50%
51-75%
76-100%
PERCENTAGES
PERCENTAGES

business. 18
Analysis of Data
Throughout this research, it was seen where a majority of the respondents
(80%) were females with the remaining 20% referring to males. The respondents then
showed that the type of leadership style portrayed at the firm was autocratic leadership
style; this means that a person has the control of all decisions but with a little input of its
members. Motivation is a key aspect within every business as it pushes the workers to
provie the best product or service possible. The sample implored that 40% of them were
motivated by the salary, 20% by the leadership style shown, 40% because of its
environment and 0 for its health care as seen in fig 3.1 above.
The question was asked at number 7 within the employees’ questionnaire
which stated “Do you as an employee get involved in certain decisions of the firm?”; in
which their responses were 20% ticked the yes response, 20% ticked no, 60% ticked
sometimes and 0 ticked never. This means that the employees are involved in the decision
making process at the firm. A majority of the respondents were satisfied with their salaries.
40% of them stated that the type of leadership portrayed at the business impacts their
communication with the supervisor; rating that in a percentage of 51-75%. 20% of the
sample ticked the 1-25% response, 30% for the 26-50% and 10% for 76-100%. This was
shown in fig 6.1 above. This clearly illustrates that the leadership style has an average
effect on the firm being studied.

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Within the interview with the HR Manager, she said the type of leadership
style she portrays is Bureaucratic. This type of leadership focuses on rules and procedures
to manage teams and projects. This leadership style is so because The firm is a government
owned entity. The firm consists of 268 employees It has no shares within the company and
pays cooperation tax to the state of the country. The HR Manager responsibilities within
this organization is given direct orders for job recruitment and discipline training; this has
no smaller departments established that runs within it with specified tasks.

business. 20
Interpretation of Findings
Within the Magdalena Grand Hotel and Golf Resort an investigation was
done based on how the leadership style within the business helps with employees’
motivation and how it impacts their communication skills. The data received from the data
collection sources, could be concluded that this is a government owned entity which means
that it has a great level of Bureaucratic leadership taking place. Because orders are passed
down from the government to the managers to supervisors and then unto the employees
thus making the organizational structure that of the chain of command. This business has
an existing workforce of 268 employees.
Within the interview session the question was posed to the interviewee that stated
“what is unique about the company that gives a push over competitors?” in which her
response was “It is a 4 star hotel in Tobago and has a diverse group of staff. We also offer
a rich cuisine to our guests and we are of the finest rates of pay than our competitors on the
island.” During the observation it was noticed that none of the supervisors were from the
host country in which caused communication barriers between them and the employees.
The working staff will not be as motivated to do their best because at the end of the day
the supervisor positions always goes to overseas personnel’s.
Nevertheless, there are many different forms of motivational strategies embedded
within the business, such as birthday clubs, promotional opportunities, socials, the open
atmosphere, recognition achievements providing professional enrichment and also
incentives for ideas. All these factors helps to boost the communication within the business.

business. 21
The most popular form of communication channel is verbal communication because of the
constant interactions that are done on a daily basis.
. The sample said that the leadership style between them and their supervisors was
authoritarian. This is so, because their supervisors dictate policies and procedures and
makes certain decisions such as goals to be achieved; this would have been information
passed through the chain of command organizational structure with the government being
the source of information. The sample also made reference that a majority of them do get
involved in decisions within the firm but only sometimes The Salary and The Environment
was chosen as the main reasons for motivation within the business. The diverse culture
within the business is quite difficult but yet interesting because every day is a day for new
adventures in someone’s culture. Generally, the employees have a god working
atmosphere.
The salary is one in which that is of a good standard when you rate the quality of
the service and the level of productivity in the workforce; so most employees are satisfied
with their cheques at the end of the month. There is also job security at the workplace. So
employees feel more comfortable while at work because of the offerings the business
comes with.
However, 40% individuals rated the extent to which the leadership style
shown affects their communication with the supervisors; 40% ticked the 51-75%
marginal box, this was the answer with the greatest amount of response. Thus may
lead the researcher to then determine that the leadership style plays a major role in
motivation and communication. So if the necessary measures are to improve

business. 22
motivational more, communication will be more efficient and the work force more
effective.

business. 23
Recommendation and Conclusion
It could be recommended that:
 The business provide transportation systems for potential customers or
even regular persons to meet the hotel hence the mere fact that is really
far from the main road.
 Seek to minimize on the overseas individuals the firm uses as supervisors
as this would help with motivation.
 Put systems in place to teach about conflict resolution and how to deal
with cultural diversity so individuals feel more comfortable.
 To try to minimize the amount of noise the machines make; maybe by
servicing them or changing them so communication would be more
smoothly.
 The manager spend more time in the business environment and
implement more enthusing motivational ways for employees.
 Having longer training sessions to ensure employees has grasped fully
what have been thought to them.
Conclusion
The Magdalena Grand Hotel and Golf Resort is a 4 star business venture within Tobago
that is operating under Vanguard Hotel Ltd but trading under the name Magdalena. This business

business. 24
was established almost 6 years ago on June 1st 2012. After this research, the information
gathered from by the researcher could be concluded that the leadership style shown at the firm
was both a mixture of Bureaucratic and Authoritative, whereby the leadership style had a major
impact on employees’ motivation and on their communication within the workplace.
The research question answers goes as follows:
1 What type of leadership style is portrayed at the Magdalena Grand and Golf Resort
hotel?
Answer: The leadership style showed at the hotel is that of Burecratic because it is a
government owned entity.
2 What are the types of motivational strategies that are used to encourage workers and
the communication channel utilized at Magdalena Grand and Golf Resort hotel?
Answer: There are many different forms of motivational strategies within the
business, such as birthday clubs, promotional opportunities, socials, the open
atmosphere, recognition achievements providing professional enrichment and also
incentives for ideas. A formal communication channel used is used in terms of verbal
communication.

business. 25
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doesleadership style affectemployesworkperformance .(2015, january 5).Retrievedfromthe market
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habitsforWellbeing. (2015, August14). Retrievedfrom9Effective CommunicationSkills:
http://www.habitsforwellbeing.com/9-effective-communication-skills/
Hanes,T. (2015, April 14). VerbalCommunication .RetrievedfromLI V E S T R O N G. C O M :
http://www.livestrong.com/article/150573-what-is-verbal-communication/
Howdoes Leadership StyleInfluenceOrganizationalProductivity .(n.d.).RetrievedfromChron:
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/leadership-style-influence-organizational-productivity-
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https://www.slideshare.net/jfazny/motivation-leadership
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Lumpe',M. P. (2008). Leadership and Orgniation in the Aviation Industry . Hampshire,England:Ashgate
PublishingLimited.

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Madine,T. (2017, March 29). BuisnessNewsDaily . Retrievedfrom11 Ways to define leadership:
http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/3647-leadership-definition.html
Mcleod,S. (2016). Maslow'sHierachy of Needs.RetrievedfromUniversityof Roehmpton:
https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
Naoum,S.(2001). Peopleand OrganizationalManagementin Construcion. London:TelfordThomas.
Sadler,P.(2003). Leadership . London:Kogan Page Limited.
Stimpson,P.S.(2007). CAPEManagementof Business. Cambridge UniversityPress.
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www.ijtef.org>vol6.
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Prezi:https://prezi.com/p5rrlbu35e85/communication-is-simply-the-act-of-transferring-
information/
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business. 27
Williams,J.T.(n.d.). HowDoesEffectiveCommunication ImpacttheMotivationalClimateof an
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business. 28
Appendices
(#1)
Interview questions
1. What is the name of your firm?
________________________________________________________________________
2. How long has this firm been around?
________________________________________________________________________
3. What type of leadership style do you portrayed at work?
☐ Autocratic
☐ Democratic
☐ Lassierz- Faire
☐ Bureaucratic
4. What motivates you in the business?

business. 29
☐ Salary
☐ Leadership
☐ Environment
☐ Heath Care
5. What type of organizational structure do you have?
☐ chain of command
☐ span of control
6. What is unique about the company that gives a push over competitors?
________________________________________________________________________
7. How many employees do you currently have?
________________________________________________________________________
8. What strategies are put in place to motivate workers?
________________________________________________________________________
9. What type of communication channel is used within the organization?
☐ Formal
☐ Informal
10. Is there job security at your firm?
☐ part-time
☐ fulltime

business. 30
11. Are there barriers to communication in the firm?
☐ yes
☐ no
12. If the answer to the previous question was yes; state which
________________________________________________________________________
13. Are there any shares within your company?
☐ yes
☐ no
14. Does your company pay cooperation tax to the state?
☐ yes
☐ no
15. How does your leadership style affect motivation at the firm?
_____________________________________________________________________
16. How does globalization impact upon your business?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
17. What is your role within the organization?
18. Is the human resource department establish smaller organizations with specified tasks?
☐yes
☐ no

business. 31
19. What is the aim of this business?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
20. What is your mission statement?
________________________________________________________________________
21. What is your favourite aspect in being the Human resource Manager?
________________________________________________________________________
22. Do you believe that employees can make valuable contributions to the business?
________________________________________________________________________
Notes:__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

business. 32
Appendix 2
Note to Respondent:
My name is Erica Dacas currently a sixth (6th) form student at the Goodwood Secondary
School. I am part of the Management of Business group who will be conducting a
research on the leadership style shown at the Magdalena Grand and Golf Resort Hotel
and how it helps with the efficiency and efficient development of labor. In completing
this questionnaire I would need your honest opinion. There is no need for you to state
your name as this information will be kept confidential. Thank you for your time and
cooperation as it will help in successfully complete this research.

business. 33
Questionnaire
Instruction: to indicate your answers to the questions given, place a tick in the box
provided beside the relevant answer, or write your answers on the lines provided where
necessary.
1. What is your sex?
☐ Male
☐ Female
2. How long have you been an employee at the hotel?
☐ less than 1 year
☐ 1-3 yrs
☐ 4 – 5yrs
☐ over 5 yrs
3. What type of leadership style is been showed at work?
☐ Autocratic
☐ Democratic
☐ Laissez-Faire
☐ Bureaucratic

business. 34
4. Do you enjoy working in this organization?
☐ yes
☐ no
5. What motivates you in the business?
☐ Salary
☐ Leadership Style
☐ Environment
☐ Heath Care
6. State why you choose your previous answer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7. Do you as an employee get involved in certain decisions of the firm?
☐ yes
☐ no
☐ sometimes
☐ never
8. When was this business established?

business. 35
☐ less than a year
☐ less than 5 years
☐ less than 10 years
☐ over 10 years
9. How would you rate the relationship between you and your supervisor/manager?
________________________________________________________________________
10. Are you satisfied with your salary?
☐ yes
☐ no
11. Is there job security at the firm?
☐ yes
☐ no
12. Are you satisfied with the leadership style at work?
☐ yes
☐ no
13. What type of communication channel is used in the business?
☐ Formal
☐ Informal
Other___________________________________________________________________
14. Is there any barriers to communication between you and your supervisor?
☐ Yes

business. 36
☐ No
15. What percentage would you say the type of leadership portrayed at the firm impacts the
communication between you and the supervisor?
☐ 1-25%
☐ 26-50%
☐ 51-75%
☐76-100%

business. 37
Appendix 3

business. 38
Appendix 4

Management if Business IA (MOB)

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