Industrial Training (Civil Engineering)

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SUBMITTED BY :
SUKHVIR SINGH GILL
B.TECH- CE SEM-7TH
R.N – 1152207
DEPTT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
S.B.S.S.T.C, FIROZPUR
FINAL REPORT
ON
DISTRICT JUDICIAL
COURT COMPLEX
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C O N T E N T S
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is indeed a great pleasure and privilege to present this
report on training at PWD.
I am extremely grateful to my training and placement officer f
or issuing a Training letter, which
made my training possible at PWD,Mohali.
I would like to express my gratitude to Er Amrinder
pal Singh for his invaluable suggestions, motivation,
guidance and support through out the training . His
methodology to start from simple and then deepen through
made me to bring out this project report without anxiety.
Thanks to all other PWD officials, operators and
all other members of PWD, yet uncounted for their help in
completing the project and see the light of success.
I am very thankful to friends, colleagues and all other
persons who rendered their assistance directly or indirectly to
complete this project work successfully.
I extended my due thanks to
Er. Amrinder pal Singh who gave me
valuable time and suggestions and
guide me a lot at various stages of
my Summer Training.

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C O N T E N T S
CHAPTER PAGE NO.
INTRODUCTION 1
PROJECT OVERVIEW 2
SITE LOCATION 3-4
TRAINING STARTED 5
FOUNDATION 6-10
PORCH 11-12
FORMWORK 13-14
COLUMN
15-19
SLAB AND BEAM 20-26
EXPANSION JOINT
27-28
BRICK MASONARY 29-32
LINTEL 33
PLASTERING 34-36
FLOORING 37-38
STAIRCASE 39-41
DOWN CEILING 42-43
CONCRETE CURING 44-46
REBAR SPACING 47-48
ELECTRIC WIRE FITTING 49-50
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS 51-56
OTHER EQUIPMENTS 57
BATCHING PLANT 58

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P U B L I C W O R K D E P A R T M E N T
ABOUT:
The Public Works Department of India is a State Government owned
authority that is in charge of public sector works in the state . Public
Works Department (PWD) under Ministry of Urban Development is
entrusted with construction and maintenance of buildings for most of
the state Government Departments, Public undertakings and
autonomous bodies.
In the Indian History both pre and post
independence - PWD has a glorious era of more than 150 year with
dedicated, energetic and committed corps of Engineers and
Architects. Before being re-structured to its present form in 1930
“Public Works Department” originated in July 1854 when the
Governor General of India decided to set up a Central and state
Agency:
“to exercise universal control over public works in India with best of
scientific knowledge with authority & system”.
Public Works Department,is the premier
agency of Govt. of India engaged in planning, designing, construction
and maintenance of Government assets in the field of built
environment and infrastructure development. Assets in built
environment include Hospitals, Schools, Colleges, Technical
Institutes, Police Buildings, Prisons, Courts etc; assets in
infrastructure development include Roads, Bridges, Flyovers,
Footpaths, Subways etc.
PWD also sustains and preserves these assets
through a well developed system of maintenance which includes
amongst others specialized services like rehabilitation works, roads
signage and aesthetic treatments like interiors, monument lighting,
landscaping.

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PROJECT OVERVIEW
DISTRICT JUDICIAL COURTS COMPLEX (DJCC)
A 7-acre site which is part of a total 14.25 acres earmarked for
setting up both the DAC and DJCC.
A 7.25 acres DISTRICT ADMINISTRATIVE COMPLEX (DAC) site adjoining
the sprawling Radha Soami Satsang Beas campus.
The DISTRICT JUDICIAL COURTS COMPLEX (DJCC) is to be
constructed on an area of 83465sq feet.
The project design 9 story ( Basement + Ground Floor + 7 Floor) but
7 story is to be constructed as per requirement & left 2 floor will be
constructed as per later requirement and building having 298 rooms
of different sizes. The building has been divided into 8 Blocks.
It includes the construction of rooms for hearing rooms, Judge rooms,
Layers Chambers , Toilets , four starecase and Ramp . There will be
four lifts for the convenience.
The total Budget for this project which is Estimated is 76 Crore.
D I S T R I C T J U D I C I A L C O U R T C O M P L E X

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SITE LOCATION

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RADHA SOAMI SATSANG BEAS
Project Site
State Highway 12A
R O A D

5T R A I N I N G S T A R T E D
TRAINING STARTED
I am training at the “DISTRICT JUDICIAL COURT COMPLEX “
under PUBLIC WORK DEPARTMENT .
I Started the training on 1st july 2014 .
When i arrived at the project Raft foundation , Basement and
Ground Floor, First floor was being completed (columns , slab &
beams).
Construction of this building under DEEPAK BUILDER.
Deepak Builder are currently working on many projects one of
them is the construction of “DISTRICT JUDICIAL COURT
COMPLEX” at Mohali sector 76.
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BASEMENT
GROUND
FLOOR
FIRST FLOORRAFT
FOUNDATION

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R A F T F O U N D A T I O N
RAFT FOUNDATION
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Mat or raft foundation is a large slab supporting a
number of columns and walls under the entire structure
or a large part of the structure to lower the contact
pressure compared to spread footing.
These are used to spread the load of the superstructure
over a large base to reduce the load per unit area being
imposed on the ground and this is particularly useful where
low bearing capacity soils are encountered and where
individual column loads are heavy.
FOUNDATION

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Advantages of Raft Foundation
When Mat/Raft Foundation is Recommended
It is recommended for the following purposes:
 Bearing capacity of soil is low,
 Walls of the structure are so close that individual footings
would overlap,
 It is used for large loads,
 Individual footings would cover more than about half of
the construction area.
 Raft or mat foundation is economic due to
combination of foundation and floor slab.
 It requires little excavation.
 It can cope with mixed or poor ground condition.
 It reduces differential settlement.
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In District judicial court complex,
#Depth of the Raft Foundation is 51 inch (4’ 3” ).
#Soil bearing capacity is 12 kn/m.sq .
#Clear Cover to Reinforcement
Foundation = 60mm Bottom
= 30mm Side
= 25mm Top
# LAP Length – 50D in case of FOUNDATION,BEAMS & SLAB .
# In Raft Foundation grade of concrete used is M25.
RAFT
FOUNDATION
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ISOLATED FOOTING
The Isolated Footing is to be done from the centre
(Basement Level) of the building till 1ST Floor.
A Footing that supports a single column is known as
ISOLATED FOOTING.
UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES :
 When the spacing between the two columns is large.
 When the design load on the footing is small.
 Sufficient space is available for providing length and width
of footing.
I S O L A T E D F O O T I N G
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FOOTING DETAILING
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COLUMN VER. BAR
COLUMN STIRRUPS
REINFORCEMENT
BAR GRATE
HOOK
I S O L A T E D F O O T I N G
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PORCH
In This Project,
 Whole Number of Porches are 4.
 No. of Combined Footing in each Porch is 4.
 No. of Columns in each Porch is 8.
 Dimension of Combined Footing :
-Length of Combined Footing is 21’6”.
-Width of Combined Footing is 8’6”.
 Dimension of Column :
-Length of coloumn is 36”.
-Width of Column is 12”.
 Pedestal Gap provide 3”
in all Side.
COLUMN STIRRUPS
COLUMN REBARS
COLUMN
PEDESTAL
SHUTTER/FORMWORK
SOIL DEPTH
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PEDESTAL GAP
PROVIDE 3” ALL SIDE
COLUMN WIDTH 1’
AND LENGTH 3’.
WIDTH OF PORCH
FOOTING IS 8’6”
AND LENGTH 21’6”.
P O R C H
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F O R M W O R K
FORMWORK
SLABS
FORMWORK
BEAMS FORMWORK
COLUMNS FORMWORK
 Formwork constitutes 30% of the cost and 60% of
the time in concrete construction.
 Quality of concrete finish and soundness of the
concrete depends very much on the formwork
system.
 Desired shape of concrete is not possible if
formwork not done properly.
 Formwork should be properly designed, fabricated
and erected to receive concrete.
 Accidents happen because of the faulty formwork
and scaffolding or staging.
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F O R M W O R K
FORMWORK TO STAIRCASE
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C O L U M N
COLUMN
It is a vertical structural member
supporting axial compressive loads,
with or with-out moments.
OR
Generally a column is something
which carries load from beam and
slab.
OR
In other words columns are defined
as the members that carries load
mainly in compression. columns carry
bending moment as well, about one
or both axes of the cross section.
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 In beam column slab, normally slab transfer loads to beam
and beam transfer loads to column and finally column
transfer loads to footing.
 In slab column, slab transfer loads directly to column and
column transfer loads to footing.

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C O L U M N
TYPE OF COLUMN SHAPES USED IN THIS PROJECT
 SQUARE SECTION
 RECTANGULAR SECTION
 CIRCULAR SECTION
 L - SECTION
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RECTANGULAR SECTION
CIRCULAR SECTION
L - SECCTION
SQUARE SECTION

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REINFORCEMENT OF BARS IN COLUMNS
 The Grade of concrete is used in Vertical Construction like
COLUMN is M30.
 MAXIMUM Size of bar Which is being used in columns is
32MM.
 Minimum Size of bar which is being used in column is 8mm.
 The Grade of Steel is used in this Project is Fe 500.
 LAP Length in case of Columns is 45D (Where “D” is Dia. Of
Bars).
 CLEAR COVER to reinforcement in Column is 40mm.
 EXTRA BARS to be EXTEND 0.3L on either side of
SUPPORTING COLUMNS.
 TIES in Columns to be provided at a SPACING of 4” C/C in
TOP and BOTTOM H/6 Where ‘H’ is the CLEAR HEIGHT of
the column the rest of the Zone OUTER TIES is 100MM C/C
& INNER TIES 200MM C/C.
 EXPANSION JOINT in Column is 3” GAP.

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POURING/CASTING OF CONCRETE IN COLUMNS
After the concrete is casted the next step is casting or pouring the
concrete in to the required place.
Before commencing the casting process supervision is made for the
bars, spacers, different installations and the
formwork if it was in the expected quality for casting.
The equipment used for pouring is bucket to carry
the concrete, tower crane and vibrator for compaction of the
fresh concrete.
VIBRATOR
BUCKET
TOWER CRANE

When the ratio of long span to short span is less
than 2, then the slab is known as a slab spanning in
two directions or two-way slab.
20S L A B A N D B E A M S
SLABS AND BEAMS
SLAB
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Types of Two-way Slabs:
FLAT SLAB WITH DROP
PANELS
TWO-WAY SLAB WITH
BEAMS

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FLAT PLATE WAFFLE SLAB
1. Choose layout and type of slab. Type of slab is strongly affected by
architectural and construction considerations.
2. Choose slab thickness to control deflection. Also, check if thickness
is adequate for shear.
3. Choose design method.
Equivalent frame method- use elastic frame analysis to compute
positive and negative moments.
Direct design method - uses coefficients to compute positive and
negative slab moments
4. Calculate positive and negative moments in the slab.
5. Determine distribution of moments across the width of the slab.
Based on geometry and beam stiffness.
6. Assign a portion of moment to beams, if present.
7. Design reinforcement for moments from steps 5 and 6. Steps 3-7
need to be done for both principal directions.
8. Check shear strengths at the columns.
BASIC STEPS OF TWO WAY SLAB DESIGN :

SLAB DETAIL USED IN THIS PROJECT
 LAP Length in case of SLAB is 50D (Where “D” is Dia. Of
Bars).
 CLEAR COVER to Reinforcement in SLAB is 25mm.
 EXPANSION JOINT in SLAB is ½”.
 The grade of concrete used in SLAB is M25.
 SLAB Thickness of Project is 6” (6inch) Approx
150mm.
 In Slab Spacing between the Main bars is 8” (8inch)
Approx 200mm.
 In this project all type of slab is TWO WAY SLAB.
 BARS USED 8,10 and 12mm.
TWO WAY SLAB
WITH BEAMS
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SPACING 8”BEAMS
ELECTRIC FITTING
8,10 & 12 mm BARS
USED
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POURING/CASTING OF CONCRETE IN SLAB
CASTING OF SLAB
AFTER CASTING
CONCRETE PUMP
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BEAMS DETAIL
 The Grade of concrete is used in Horizontal
Construction like BEAMS is M25.
 MAXIMUM Size of bar Which is being used in
Beams is 32MM.
 Minimum Size of bar which is being used in Beams
is 8mm.
 The Grade of Steel is used in this Project is Fe 500.
 LAP Length in case of Beams is 50D (Where “D” is Dia.
Of Bars).
 CLEAR COVER to reinforcement in Beams is 30mm.
 EXTRA BARS to be EXTEND 0.3L on either side of
SUPPORTING BEAMS.
 The hooks shall be bent to 135 DEGREE.
S L A B A N D B E A M S
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UPPER
REINFORCEMENT
BEAMS STIRRUPS
LOWER
REINFORCEMENT
S L A B A N D B E A M S
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EXPANSION JOINT
All materials, including Concrete expand or contract with the
increase or decrease in temperatures. If suitable
arrangements are not ensured for the expansion and
contraction of concrete due to the temperature changes,
cracks may occur.
To prevent harmful effects due to concrete movement,
several expansion joints are incorporated in concrete
construction, including foundations, walls, roof
expansion joints, and paving slabs.
These joints need to be carefully designed, located, and
installed.
In This Project,
EXPANSION JOINT in SLAB is ½” and in COLUMNS 3” GAP.
EXPANSION JOINT Provided Between the BLOCKS is 3”(inch).

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EXPANSION JOINT

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B R I C K M A S O N A R Y
BRICK MASONARY
Brick
is a basic building unit which is in the form of
rectangular block in which length to breadth ratio is 2 but
height can be different.
Normal size (nominal size)
9''×4½" ×3"
Brick Masonary
The art of laying bricks in mortor in a proper systematic
manner gives homogeneous mass which can withstand
forces without disintigration, called brick masonary.
The difference between the working and coordinating
dimensions of a brick is 10mm (0.5“)and this difference is
taken up with the layer of mortar into which the bricks are
pressed when laying.
The working dimensions are also known as the nominal
size of a brick.
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Basic Brickwork Terminology
The surfaces of a brick have names:
 Top and bottom surfaces are beds.
 Ends are headers and header faces.
 Sides are stretchers or stretcher faces
Bed
Joint
Head
Joint
Course - horizontal layer of brick
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IN THIS PROJECT , 1st CLASS Bricks is
Used.
The surfaces and edges of bricks are sharp.
For Brick Work, The Cement Mortar
ratio is 1:6 (1cement : 6Sand ).
The cement, sand and water mixture
should be used maximum within 2 hours.
The joint between the bricks should not be
one above the other.
The thickness of mortar joints doesn’t
exceed 10 mm.
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L I N T E L S
Lintel is a short beam with
its ends build into a wall.
It is a horizontal structural
member placed over small
openings of the wall for
door , window,
ventilator, cupboard, etc.
LINTEL
CLASSIFICATION OF LINTELS
LINTELS
 R.C.C LINTEL
 BRICK LINTEL
 STEEL LINTEL
 TIMBER LINTEL
 STONE LINTEL
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P L A S T E R I N G
PLASTERING
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Plaster is a building material used for coating walls and ceilings.
Plaster is manufactured as a dry powder and is mixed with
water to form a paste when used. The reaction with water
liberates heat through crystallization and the hydrated plaster
then hardens. Plaster can be relatively easily worked with metal
tools or even sandpaper. These characteristics make plaster
suitable for a finishing, rather than a load-bearing material.
 It should adhere to the background and should
remain adhered during all variations of the
climatic changes.
 It should be cheap and economical.
 It should be hard and durable.
 It should be possible to apply it during all
weather conditions.
 It should possess good workability.
REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD PLASTERING -

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P L A S T E R I N G
In this Project ,
 Plastering was be done after curing on the brick masonry.
 Cement and fine aggregate mix ratio was be 1:6 (1 Cement: 6
fine aggregate) for internal plastering of bricks and 1:4 for
external plastering.
 Never do a plastering beyond 12 or 15mm thickness on a brick
wall.
 Avoid plastering beyond 6 mm thickness on concrete in one
go.
 Compulsory usage of mesh while plastering the electric and
water pipes is advised.
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FLOORING
Flooring is the general term for a permanent covering of
a floor, or for the work of installing such a floor covering.
Concrete floors are highly durable and resilient. When it
comes to commercial concrete flooring, it can withstand any
pressure from heavy equipment like heavy equipments,
forklifts, cars, etc. Thus, this type of flooring is very popular
among commercial areas.
In This Project,
 Material used in Construction of Floor is Cement
Concrete.
 Material used for floor finish is Tiles.
 The grade of concrete used in FLOOR finishing is M20.
 2” Gatka is provided ,grade of concrete used in gatka is M5.
 Finishing of the floor is being taken place 1 ½” Finishing
Concrete.

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CEMENT MIXER
CONCRETE
TRUCK
FLOOR
FINISHING
PIPE
CONCRETE
PUMP
GATKA
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STAIRCASE
In This Project,
 Type of Staircase is TWO FLIGHT STAIRCASE.
 Size of Tread is 290mm
 Size of Riser is 140mm
 Width is 5’ (5 feet).
 Quantity of Concrete used is 3 m cu.
In buildings, stairs is a term applied to a complete
flight of steps between two floors.
8,10 & 12 mm
BARS USED
STAIRCASE
FORMWORK
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STAIRCASE
FORMWORK
CONCRETE M25
VIBRATOR
CASTING OF CONCRETE IN STAIRCASE
S T A I R C A S E
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DOWN CEILING
A ceiling which is not a part of the structural framework of a
building and is installed below the level of the underside of
the floor above or of the roof. The upper interior surface of a room.
 Most Popular form of suspended ceiling consist of GRID
framework.
 Levelling use water level and laser beam.
 Provide Continuous and Jointless Surface.
 Fulfill Fire resistance requirement.
 Provide a robust form of suspended ceiling.
 In this Project, Down Ceiling is 2’6’’ below the Slab.
GRID FRAMEWORK
CONTINOUS AND
JOINTLESS SURFACE
UNDER WORKING
D O W N C E I L I N G
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CEILING
PANEL
WATER
PIPES
FURRING
CHANNEL
CROSS
RUNNERS
ELECTRIC
WIRES
ELECTRIC
WIRE
MAIN
RUNNERS
SUSPENSION
ROD
STAGGER
BUTT JOINT
D O W N C E I L I N G
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CONCRETE CURING
Concrete curing is mandatory. As a matter of fact, the higher
the environmental temperature is, the more meticulously
it has to be done.
In every case, concrete’s surface has to be moistened
throughout the entire day for at least the first week after
casting; however the curing process will last for 28 days.
BY PONDING, We form a dam a few centimeters high (4
to 5 centimeters) around the pe-rimeter of the slab right after
concreting.
We fill this dam with water thus creating a pond and we make
sure to replace water losses due to vaporization.
C O N C R E T E C U R I N G
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A DAM 4 TO 5 CENTIMETER
HIGH FILL WITH WATER
C O N C R E T E C U R I N G
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REBAR SPACER
A rebar spacer is a device that secures the reinforcing steel or
"rebar" in reinforced concrete structures as the rebar is
assembled in place prior to the final concrete pour. The spacers
are left in place for the pour to keep the reinforcing in place, and
become a permanent part of the structure.
The main categories of rebar spacers are:
 Linear Spacers (Π-section profiles, H-section profiles, or other
3 dimensional shapes)
 Point Spacers (wheel spacers, various tower or chair-like
shapes)
Rebar spacers can be divided in two raw materials
categories:
 Concrete spacers
 Plastic spacers
The concrete spacers have the advantage of the same raw
material which will improve the watertightness and strength
of the concrete. Plastic spacers have the advantage of the
low cost production and fast processing.
R E B A R S P A C E R
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REBAR CHAIR
CONCRETE SPACERS
Range of heights from
25mm to 85mm
R E B A R S P A C E R
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ELECTRIC WIRE FITTING
ELECTRIC
PANEL
 During making of concrete slab
electric pipes are used for fitting
Purpose.
 These PIPES are made of Mild Steel.
E L E C T R I C W I R E F I T T I N G
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A trough with removable covers through which
electric power and control cables are run.
It can be a metal unit that is set in concrete or
formed in a concrete slab. The top of the covers
are level with the floor.
ELECTRIC TRENCH
DUCT
HEIGHT OF TRENCH
DUCT IS 28MM
ELECTRIC TRENCH DUCT
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CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS
 It is a common fact that we find a wide variety of
construction machines on every construction sites,
which make the construction jobs easy, safe and
quicker.
 Depending on the application, construction machines
are classified into various categories which we are
discussing here.
A. Material handling equipments
B. Earthmoving equipments
C. Construction vehicles
D. Construction equipments
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Material handling equipments and there quantities
used in this project
CRANES
 Height 24m at 90 dgree Angle.
 Height 32m at 120 dgree Angle.
 Weight of one Block of Concrete is 1 Ton.
 Numder of Blocks is 14.
 12 KGW Motor is to be used.
 Set up consuming time – 4 to 5 hours.
 Side Weight of Crane is 3 Ton.
CONCRETE BLOCKS
SIDE WEIGHT
QUANTITIES
TOWER CRANES = 3(2 SMALL,1 BIG)
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Earthmoving equipments and there quantities used in
this project
Earthmoving equipment is used in the construction industry to :
- shift large amounts of earth,
- dig foundations and landscape areas.
In This Project,
Only 1 Blackhoe is used for Earthmoving Purpose.
A backhoe, also called a rear actor or back actor, is a piece of
excavating equipment or digger consisting of a digging bucket on the
end of a two-part articulated arm. They are typically mounted on the
back of a tractor or front loader
The boom is attached to the
vehicle through a pivot
known as the kingpost,
which allows the arm to slew
left and right, usually
through a total of around 200
degrees.
Modern backhoes are
powered by hydraulics.
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Construction vehicles and there quantities used in this
project
Engineering or Construction vehicles are heavy-duty vehicles,
specially designed for executing construction (Civil
engineering) tasks, most frequently, ones involving earth
moving.
A truck or
lorry the rear
platform of which
can be raised at
the front end
to enable the
load to be
discharged by
gravity also
called tip truck.
In This Project,
2 Tip Truck is used
For Construction
Purposes.
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Concrete equipments and there quantities used in this
project
A hand concrete mixer (also commonly
called a cement mixer) is a device that
homogeneously combines cement,
aggregate such as sand or gravel, and
water to form concrete. A typical
concrete mixer uses a revolving drum
to mix the components. For smaller
volume works portable concrete
mixers are often used so that the
concrete can be made at the
construction site, giving the workers
ample time to use the concrete before
it hardens.
Number of
Hand Concrete
mixer is used
in this project
is 2
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Special concrete transport
trucks (in–transit mixers) are
made to transport and mix
concrete up to the
construction site. They can
be charged with dry
materials and water, with the
mixing occurring during
transport. With this process,
the material has already
been mixing. The concrete
mixing transport truck
maintains the material's
liquid state through
agitation, or turning of the
drum, until delivery.
In This Project,
4 Cement Mixer Concrete Truck is used For Construction
Purposes. Truck Capacity is 7 M.cu.
Cement Mixer Concrete Truck
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OTHER EQUIPMENTS
Name QUANTITIES
CONCRETE PUMPS = 1 ( CAPACITY UPTO 10 STOREY)
TRACTOR = 2
JACK HAMMER = 1
TRACTOR TROLLIES = 2
GENERATOR SET = 2
VIBRATOR = 6
MONKEY CRANE = 1 (WITH REMOTE )
TRACTOR
CONCRETE
PUMP
VIBRATOR
MONKEY
CRANE
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BATCHING PLANT
A concrete plant, also known as a batch
plant or batching plant, is a device that combines
various ingredients to form concrete. Some of these
inputs
include sand, water, aggregate (rocks, gravel,
etc.), fly ash, potash, and cement.
In This Project,
 Batching plant capacity of 1 cycle is .5 m.cu.
 M30 grade is maximum provide by this plant.
58B A T C H I N G P L A N T
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CONCRETE
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59T H A N K Y O U
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THANKYOU

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