2. CAUSES
• The efforts made by the Early Nationalists
exposed the true nature of the British and
convinced Indians that the British rule was
responsible for the miseries of their country.
• The failure of the Early Nationalists to get
something substantial from the British
government.
• The younger elements within the Congress
realized the futility of the peaceful constitutional
methods adopted by the Early Nationalists.
3. CAUSES
• The worsening economic conditions of the
country caused by the British exploitative
policies along with the famines which ravaged
the country.
• The ill-treatment meted out to the Indians in
the British colonies in other parts of the
world, especially in South Africa led to the rise
of Assertive Nationalism
5. CAUSES
• Growing Consciousness Among Indians : the
nationalists writers and agitators blamed the
British rule for the poverty of the people They
made all efforts to develop self respect and
self confidence
• Growth of Education and Unemployment
• Ill-treatment of Indians Abroad
• Partition of Bengal
6. MAIN OBJECTIVE OF ASSERTIVE
NATIONALISTS
• MAIN OBJECTIVE OF ASSERTIVE NATIONALISTS
was the immediate attainment of ‘Swaraj’.
This means complete independence and not
just self-government as in the colonies of
Australia and New Zealand, etc.
7. METHODS OF ASSERTIVE
NATIONALISTS
• SWADESHI
• BOYCOTT
• NATIONAL EDUCATION
• PASSIVE RESISTANCE
(I) Revivalism – Revived self respect by referring to
India’s past glory.
(II) Personal sacrifice – They were ready for self-sacrifice,
suffering and hardships to achieve their goals.
(III) Mass involvement - They aroused the masses by
influencing them with their sacrifices and suffering
8. The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement
• Swadeshi’ means of one’s own country.
Swadeshi Movement aimed at the
promotion of indigenous industries in
India.
• Boycott Movement meant abstaining
from the purchase of British Goods as a
form of protest.
9. The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement
• Swadeshi and Boycott were used as
weapons of political agitation and training
in self-sufficiency for the attainment of
Swaraj.
• British goods were burnt at public places
and shops selling them were picketed.
• The spirit of Swadeshi spread to almost
every walk of life – Industries, education,
culture, literature, etc.
10. National Education
• When Bri. Govt. threatened to take
disciplinary action against the students, the
national leaders advocated national
universities that were free from govt. control
• Bengal National College - Calcutta
• Pachaiyappa National college- Chennai
• DAV movement in Punjab
• Imparted education in vernacular languages
11. Passive Resistance
• They adopted a policy of non-violent resistance
and vigorous political action to achieve their
aims.
• Begging rights and claiming them.
• Actions : To refuse to cooperate with the govt.
• Boycott govt. service
• Courts
• Schools and colleges
• They advocated courage, self-confidence and a
spirit of sacrifice to achieve their goad of Swaraj
14. BAL GANGADHAR TILAK
• He is known as the ‘Father of the Assertive
Nationalism’.
• He played a leading role in popularizing the
cult of patriotism and making the Congress
movement broad-based.
• Started Poona New English School
• In 1884, founded Deccan Education society
under the guidance of Justice Ranade
17. Demand for Swaraj
• He was the first to openly declare the demand for
Swaraj”Swarj is may birthright, he said, “and I
shall have it.”
• He believed that political rights could be achieved
by aggressively demanding them.
• He wanted to inculcate courage, self-defence and
patriotism
• He was the first nationalist leader who sought
close contact with the masses and started
akharas and lathi clubs.
18. Preached Nationalism
• He started the Ganpati festival in 1893 and the
Shivaji festival in 1895 to propagate nationalist
ideas.
• He started two newspapers-Mahratta (English)
and Kesari (Marathi). Through them he
preached nationalism and taught the people
to be courageous and self-reliant.
• Wrote two books - the Gita Rahasya and the
Arctic Home of the Vedas
19. Established home Rule
League
• He started the Home Rule League in 1916 to
attain self-government within the British
Empire by constitutional means.
21. Forerunner of Gandhiji
1. His idea of Swaraj was similar to Mahatma
Gandhiji’s idea of complete independence.
2. He sought close contact with the masses as
Gandhi did.
3. He preached the idea of Swadeshi, Boycott and
Prohibition. These ideas were preached and
followed by Gandhiji later.
4. He suffered several terms of imprisonment for
the sake of the country, an example followed by
Mahatma Gandhi and other nationalist leaders.
22.
23. Tilak’s patriotism, determination
and courage aroused the masses
against the British and opened a
new chapter in the history of
India’s freedom struggle.
25. BIPIN CHANDRA PAL
• Bipin Chandra Pal is known as the father the
Revolutionary thought in India.
• Started political career as social reformer
attached to Brahmo samaj
• He visited a number of European countries
and United States of Ameria
• In 1886 he joined the Indian National
Congress
26. Role as Journalists
• Worked for Bengal Public Opinion, the Tribune
and New India
• The British Government found his writings
seditious.
27. National Education
• He wanted National Education to be the basis
of the freedom Movement.
• According to him, it would arouse nationalistic
passions and become an effective instrument
of social progress.
28. Social And Economic Reforms
• Bipin Chandra Pal wanted to remove social &
economic evils from the society.
• He opposed caste system and other rigid rules
concerning inter-dining and inter-mixing.
• He advocated widow remarriage
• Educating women, he believed, was the most
effective way of elevating their position.
• He insisted to develop indigenous industries in
the country.
29. Social And Economic Reforms
• He preached the use of Swadeshi and the
Boycott of foreign goods to eradicate poverty
and unemployment.
• To establish equity in society, he wanted to tax
the rich more heavily than the poor;
• He demanded forty-eight hours of work in a
week and an increase in the wages.
31. Lala Lajpat Rai
• Lala Lajpat Rai was popularty known as
‘Punjab Kesari’ or ‘Sher-e-Punjab’.
• He was an eminent lawyer, prolific writer,
enlightened educator, social reformer and
staunch fighter against the British rule.
• He was influenced by the Arya Samaj Movt.
• His speeches against the misrule of the British
invited their wrath and he was arrested
several times
32. Lala Lajpat Rai
• He joined the congress in 1888 and remained its
member till the end of his life.
• He joined Assertive Nationalists in 1907
• He carried on agitation against the agrarian policy
of the British govt.
• He became the first President of ALL India Trade
Union Congress in 1920.
• He was elected President of the Congress in
1920.
• He became a member of the Servants of the
India Society
33. An Educationist and a Forceful Writer
• A prolific writer
• When he was in the USA, he started a monthly
magazine ‘Young India’
• His publications included :
The call to Young India,
England’s Debt to India and
The Political Future of India
34. An Educationist and a Forceful Writer
• He founded ‘Punjabi’ and ‘Vande Mataram’
[Urdu Daily] and ‘People’ [English weekly].
• He wrote a book on ‘National Education’ that
called for reform of the prevalent educational
system.
35. A Social Reformer
• He was associated with the Arya Samaj
Movement.
• He was instrumental in the expansion of D.A.V
College at Lahore in 1886.
• He opened orphanages, hospitals and schools.
• He set up Servants of the India Society for the
welfare of the downtrodden and outcastes.
36. Political Work outside India
• He went to abroad to mobilise opinion in
favour of India’s struggle for freedom.
• When he went to America in 1914 he joined
the Ghadar Party.
• Through his writings in Young India, he
preached assertive nationalism and inspired
the Indian youths.
