PpT

1. Identifying Claims
Explicitly and Implicitly
Made in a Written Text

2. Warm Up!
Quick Writes
1. Look at the cartoon.
2. Analyze the image and
interpret its message.
1. Share your answers
in class.

3. Learn about It!
Importance of Identifying Claims
● important in critical reading
● makes one do a deeper examination of the
ideas presented in the text
● helps the readers understand the writer’s
purpose and follow his or her arguments
with ease

4. Learn about It!
Claims
● often explicitly or directly stated - explained
and justified using evidence
● sometimes implicitly stated too
○ only implied in a text
○ often made in narrative or descriptive
texts

5. Learn about It!
Claim of Fact
● a type of claim that affirms or asserts that
a statement is true or untrue
● argues that the statement is indeed a fact
● may define a particular term
● often takes an objective position

6. Try it! Solution
Evaluate each statement below. Put a check mark (✓) if the
statement uses a claim of fact. Put a cross (✗) if it does not.
_____ 1. Cardiovascular disease is the leading global cause of death,
accounting for more than 17.6 million deaths per year, a number that
is expected to grow to more than 23.6 million by 2030, according to a
2014 study. It accounts for approximately 1 of every 3 deaths and
claims more lives each year than all forms of cancer combined.
However, through making healthy behavior changes, it is possible to
greatly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke.

7. Try it! Solution
_____ 2. It is ethical and even necessary to ban smoking in public
places. Doing so would help smokers quit smoking and allow those
who don’t smoke and those who have asthma to breathe air that is not
laden with cigarette smoke.
_____ 3. Skin cancer remains a deadly disease in the United States.
Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggest
that approximately 5.5 million skin cancer diagnoses and 15,000
deaths will occur this year, according to the Skin Cancer Foundation.

8. Try it! Solution
_____ 4. Reading aloud to a young child bolsters many areas of
development. When parents, teachers and caregivers read to a child, it
fosters cognitive development, nurtures language skills, and prepares
kids for school, according to the U.S. Children's Bureau, a federal child
advocacy agency.
_____ 5. It is important that we make young kids love reading as early.
This could be beneficial in both their intrapersonal and interpersonal
relationships.

9. Learn about It!
Claim of Value
● a type of claim that evaluates, appraises, or judges an idea
● subjective
● may be influenced by the author’s religious, cultural, and social
values
● may express the author’s approval or disapproval of an idea
● can state whether the author thinks the idea is good or bad,
right or wrong, ethical or unethical, or just or unjust

10. Learn about It!
Some Steps to Follow to Defend a Claim of Value
1. Clearly state the principle or value you are promoting. You can
say that it rates higher on a scale of values than any other
principle or value.
2. Present the good results or effects of adhering to the principle
in contrast with other principles.

11. Learn about It!
3. Present real-life examples to give readers a concrete idea of
how the values work in particular situations.
4. Include relevant statistics as well as the testimonies and points
of view of highly regarded individuals or experts who share the
same value or principle as you do.

12. Try it! Solution
Evaluate each statement below. Put a check mark (✓) if the
statement is a claim of value. Put a cross (✗) if it is not.
_____ 1. Mental health is just as important as physical health.
_____ 2. It is necessary for companies to have midweek
recreational activities for their employees.
_____ 3. The government should mandate that companies provide
their regular employees with retirement plans.

13. Try it! Solution
_____ 4. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, gas-
powered lawn equipment generates 5 percent of the air pollution in
the United States each year.
_____ 5. It is more preferable for students to be given homework
since it helps build discipline and good study habits.

14. Learn about It!
Claim of Policy
● a statement proposing an action that should be undertaken as
a solution to a particular problem
● makes use of words such as should, ought to, and must
● may argue against an already established policy or solution
● aims to convince readers that the proposed solution would
indeed solve the given problem and that it is better than the
current or any other proposed course of action

15. Learn about It!
Guidelines in Defending a Claim of Policy
● State your proposal clearly. If you are to argue that a current
policy or any other solution is not effective, state your proposal
in contrast with that policy or solution.
● State the arguments for your proposed solution. Express
why it is the best action to take.
● Support your claim with enough evidence. This evidence
should show that the solution is going to be a success and that
it is attainable.

16. Analysis
Criteria Score
Content
(The question is answered well. Textual evidence is given, and the
response is clearly explained.) 5 pts.
Organization
(Logical progression of details and clear transitions between
ideas) 3 pts.
Language
(Use of proper spelling, mechanics, grammar, and word choice) 2
pts.
Score: /10

17. Values Integration
How do you think identifying implicit claims in a text help you
become a better reader?

18. Synthesis
Writing Claims Explicitly and Implicitly
1. Write a 500-word essay about any of the given topics:
a. responsible social media use
b. good governance
c. increase in funds for both scientific research and artistic fields in
the country
2. Use any type of claim that you think is suitable for your chosen topic.
3. State claims explicitly or implicitly.
4. You will be graded based on the rubric on the next slides.

19. Synthesis
Criteria Beginning
(1 point)
Developing
(2 points)
Accomplished
(3 points)
Score
Content/
Substance
The essay does not have a
clear introduction, body,
and/or conclusion. The
thesis statement is not
clearly stated and not well-
supported. The claim is not
well-explained and not well-
justified. It does not show a
deep understanding of
claims explicitly and
implicitly made in a written
text.
The essay has an
introduction, body, and
conclusion. The thesis
statement is stated but needs
further support. The claim is
explained although some
ideas need further
clarification. It shows an
understanding of claims
explicitly and implicitly made
in a written text.
The essay has an
introduction, body, and
conclusion. The thesis
statement is clearly stated and
well-supported. The claim is
well-explained and well-
justified. It shows a deep
understanding of claims
explicitly and implicitly made
in a written text.
Organization The ideas do not flow
smoothly. Multiple or all
transitional markers are not
used effectively to show
connections and transitions
among ideas.
The ideas flow fairly smoothly
from one to another. Most
transitional markers are used
effectively to show
connections and transitions
among ideas.
The ideas flow smoothly from
one to another. Transitional
markers are used effectively
to show connections and
transitions among ideas.

20. Synthesis
Criteria Beginning
(1 point)
Developing
(2 points)
Accomplished
(3 points)
Score
Unity Most of the sentences
and paragraphs are
incohesive and
incoherent.
Most of the sentences
and paragraphs are
cohesive and coherent.
All the sentences and
paragraphs are
cohesive and coherent.
Language
(spelling,
mechanics,
grammar, and
word choice)
There are seven or
more language errors.
There are four to six
language errors.
There are zero to three
language errors.
Score:

21. Assignment
1. Compile three articles that use claims of fact, value, and
policy.
2. Underline the explicit claims, and encircle the implicit claims.
3. Place the three articles on a short bond paper.