Covid-19 A Pandemic Global Crisis

1. Covid 19 – A Pandemic,
Global Crisis
• Defining Covid-19 as Global crisis
• Criteria in defining cases
• Intervention and approaches against Covid-19
• WHO recommended preventive measures
against Covid-19
• Psychological impacts of Covid-19 to
individuals
Prepared By: Emelie Barnuevo Reviewed By: Dr. David Hali De Jesus RN,PgDip,FisQua
Associate professor , School of Nursing
Philippine Woman University

2. Disclosure:
I have no financial disclosure or conflict of interest
with the presented material in this presentation .

3. Objectives :
1. To learn about Symptoms and prevention of Covid-19 .
2. To understand different case definitions.
3.To describe implemented measures as per WHO recommended
infection prevention and control measures.
4. To describe psychological impact of Covid-19 pandemic to
individual and provide strategies to cope from it.

4. What is Covid -19 ?
• Coronaviruses are a broad,
diverse family of viruses.
• Any of these trigger people to
get the common cold.
• It was first detected in late
2019 in Wuhan, China, and that
set off a global pandemic.

5. What is Covid -19 ?
• Coronavirus is a name derived
from the Latin word corona, which
means crown.
• Coronaviruses are zoonotic which
means that they are spread
between animals and humans.
• Human corona-viruses (HCVs)
were first discovered in the mid-
1960s .

6. History..
• It is a new strain of Coronavirus
that wasn't found in humans
before.
• It was called ncov initially in 2019
then was called COVID-19 on 12
February 2020.
• Human-to - human communication
has been verified but there is a
need for more knowledge to
determine the full extent of this
method of transmission

7. Cont.
• An growing number of patients have
recently been reportedly without
any history of animal contact, that
suggest human to human
transmission .
• On 30 January the outbreak was
declared an international public
health emergency by the WHO.

8. How Covid-19 is
transmitted ?
• Contact: most frequently, distributed
between close contacts from person to person
(about 6 feet).
• Droplets: spreading from person to person
occurs primarily through respiratory droplets
formed when an infected person coughs or
sneezes, similar to the spread of influenza and
other respiratory pathogens.
Note: WHO suggests Airborne precautions, only during arousal
generating procedure (AGP), such as: Intubation, Suction, Bronchoscopy,
Repertory Sampling.

9. Signs and Symptoms
• Fever
• Body Malaise
• Sore throat
• Dry cough
• Diarrhea
• Runny nose
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Chills
Note: About .1% percent of seriously ill patients
develop DOB and 80 % of patients recover without
needing special treatment.

10. Laboratory diagnosis
Lower respiratory tract
A. Broncho alveolar lavage, tracheal
aspirate
B. Sputum
Upper respiratory tract
A. Nasopharyngeal
swab AND oropharyngeal swab
(NP/OP swab)
B. Nasopharyngeal wash/aspirate or
nasal aspirate

11. Case Definition of
Covid-19
Suspected CASE
• Those with acute respiratory disease , fever of
37.8 C or more , or at least one signs of
respiratory disease w/o any etiology showing
clinical presentation .
• A history of travel place or country with COVID-19
recorded cases within the 14 days preceding the
onset of symptoms .

12. Case Definition of
Covid-19
Cont.
• Adult patient serous acute respiratory symptoms (fever
of 37.8C or more and at least one sign / symptom of
respiratory disease e.g., cough, shortness of breath)
• AND requiring hospitalization (SARI) AND with no other
etiology that completely describes the clinical
condition.
• Adult showing symptoms with multiple chronic
morbidities

13. What is close
contact?
• A person providing direct treatment without
sufficient personal protective equipment (PPE) for
COVID-19 patients
• Staying in the same environment of patient with
Covid-19
• Travelling with infected person with close
proximity (1 m) in any form of transportation
within 14 days after the commencement.

14. Early recognition is
the key ..
• Confirmed or verified case should be promptly
informed to IPC health care team and manage
thru health care facilities.
• Probable and confirmed cases be reported within
24 hours of through the regional focal point for
International Health Regulations at the
appropriate WHO regional office.

15. Treatment and vaccine
for Covid-19..
• Currently there are no drugs and vaccine shown to
cure Covid-19 .
• The WHO does not recommend self-medication as
a preventive or remedy for COVID-19 for any drugs,
including antibiotics.
• All individual are advised to protect themselves
and other thru following safety measures against
Covid-19.

16. Protect yourself and
others from Covid-19
•
Always wash your hands
• with soap and water .
Use sanitizer if soap and water is
not available .

17. Protect yourself and
others from Covid-19
Avoid touching your eyes, nose,
and mouth with unwashed hands.
Avoid close contact with people who
are sick

18. Protect yourself and
others from Covid-19
Practice Social distancing. In order to
protect people who are at higher risk
(elderly, Infants etc.)
Cover you nose with cloth or tissue
when you cough and sneeze.

19. Protect yourself and
others from Covid-19
Cover your mouth and nose with a
cloth face cover when around others.
Clean and disinfect frequently touched
surfaces daily.
If surfaces are dirty, clean them with
use detergent or soap and water prior to
disinfection.

20. Protect yourself and
others from Covid-19
Avoid travelling to place with covid-19
recorded cases.
Stay Stay at home. Best weapon to
fight Covid-19 and to avoid
spread of the virus.

21. Psychological Impact of
Covid-19
As the coronavirus pandemic is increasingly spreading
throughout the world, it causes a substantial degree of
anxiety, apprehension in the general public and in
particular certain groups, such as older adults, care
professionals and people with existing health conditions.

22. Stress coping strategies against
Covid-19 outbreak
Take breaks from watching news stories from
social media, reading or listening.
hearing constantly about the
pandemic can be disturbing .

23. Stress coping strategies against
Covid-19 outbreak
Eat healthy balance diet.
Don’t smoke , drink alcohol and other
Prohibited drugs to deal with your
emotions.

24. Stress coping strategies
against Covid-19
outbreak
Take the time to relax.
Start doing any other things that you enjoy.

25. Stress coping strategies against
Covid-19 outbreak
Connect with others. Speak with people
you trust about your concerns and how
you are feeling.

26. Stress coping strategies against
Covid-19 outbreak
Be Informed!
Gather data from reliable sources such WHO
or any public health department of your
designated place.

28. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
REFERENCES:
1. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-
Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA,2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585.
2. World Health Organization. Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Available at https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-
report.pdf.
Accessed 02 Mar 2020
3. Home care for patients with suspected Novel corona virus infection presenting with mild symptoms and
management of contact. 20 January 2020.WHO
4. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-
recommendations.html#take_precautions
5. https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/list-n-disinfectants-use-against-sars-cov-
6. https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses

29. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA