Explore the complex issue of obesity. Learn about its causes, associated health risks, and effective solutions for a healthier life. Get informed and take control of your well-being.

1. Obesity
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2. Overview
• Define obesity, relevant concepts and diseases
• Epidemiology
• Policies
• National and local initiatives
• Role of public health nurse in obesity
• Conclusion
• References (Harvard style)

3. What is obesity?
• An excess of adipose (fat) tissue (Obesity Society, 2016)
• Excess fat can be measured by BMI (Obesity Society, 2016).
Body Mass Index (BMI)= Body weight (kg)
Height (m2)
• Obese adults have a BMI greater than or = 30 kg/m2 (Public Health England, 2016)
Common diseases that occur due to obesity
• Type 2 diabetes
• High cholesterol
• Hypertension
• Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
• Heart failure
• Miscarriages and birth defects
• Respiratory illness
• Cancer (Obesity Society)

4. Epidemiology of obesity
• Obesity, a cause of mortality (Ogden et al., 2007).
• Obesity is influenced by different factors
• Obesity is caused when:
Energy from food + drinks > energy released
• In the UK, adult obesity elevated in the
1990s and early 2000s
(Public Health England, 2016).
Source: Public Health England

5. Public health policies for obesity
• WHO European Food and Nutrition Action plan 2015-2020 (WHO, 2016).
• Steps to health: A European framework to promote physical activities for health
(WHO, 2007).
• European Charter on Counteracting obesity (WHO, 2006).
• The UK department of Health released policies on obesity and healthy eating, some
of which are :
i) Technical guide (29 September, 2016)
ii) Childhood obesity (9 September, 2016)
iii) The Eatwell guide by Public Health England (24 August, 2016).

6. Deprivation & Childhood Obesity
 In Hillingdon, a higher
number of obese
children were found in
deprived, socially
backward areas –
mostly in the south of
the borough as shown
in this figure (NOO,
2010).

7. National (UK) and local (Hillingdon) initiatives towards obesity
• The Marmot Review (Local Government Association, 2010).
• The UK government intends to reverse the high obesity rates.
• Healthy Lives, Healthy People : A call to action on obesity in England, a strategy by UK
government in 2011 (Tackling obesity).
• National Child management programme surveillance.
• Initiatives by Hillington council:
Hillington obesity strategy group
Feed My Family core model
Food and nutrition Early Years menu checklist and nutrition framework
Promotion of breastfeeding
Programmes in schools emphasizing on a healthy diet and physical activity
Mind exercise nutrition do it (MEND)

8. Role of Public Health Nurse in obesity
• National Institute for Health and Care excellence (NICE, 2016) provides
guidelines on preventing obesity, working with obese people, and how to care for
them.
• NMC Healthcare participated in an anti-obesity drive (NMC Healthcare, 2012).
• The Royal College Network (RCN) declared that nursing should form a vital part
of promoting health and helping people to function well.
• In the UK, nurses are considered an important and fundamental component of the
public health workforce (Nurses 4 Public Health).

9. Conclusion
• Obesity occurs as a result of unhealthy diet and a lack of physical activity.
• Policies have been developed at global, national, and local levels to combat
obesity.
• Nurses play an important role in the wellbeing of obese people.
• Regular exercise and a healthy balanced diet must be encouraged across all age
groups to prevent obesity.

10. Bibliography



 Gov.UK, (2016), Obesity and Healthy Eating, Available at<
https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/obesity-and-healthy-eating>.
 Local Government Association, (2010), Marmot Review report - 'Fair Society, Healthy Lives,
Available at<http://www.local.gov.uk/health/-/journal_content/56/10180/3510094/ARTICLE>.
 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2016), Obesity Prevention, Available
at<https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg43/chapter/Person-centred-care-principles-for-health-
professionals>.
 National Obesity Observatory (NOO. 2010) NCMP: ‘Examining the relationship between
child obesity prevalence and deprivation’. Solutions for Public Health for NOO.
 NMC Healthcare (2012), NMC Healthcare Participated in Anti-Obesity Drive, Available
at<http://nmc.ae/blog/nmc-healthcare-participated-in-anti-obesity-drive-903/>.
 Obesity Society, (2016). What is Obesity?, Available
at<http://www.obesity.org/obesity/resources/facts-about-obesity/what-is-obesity>.
 Ogden, et al. (2007), ‘The Epidemiology of Obesity,’ Gastroenterology, vol. 132, pp. 2087–
2102.
 Public Health England (2016), Causes of Obesity, Available at
<http://www.noo.org.uk/NOO_about_obesity/causes>.
 WHO Regional Office for Europe (WHO, 2016), Policy, Available at
http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases/obesity/policy>.

11. Thank You!
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