Sex Education Peer Leadership Program Introduction

1. z
Teach Yourself;
Teach Each Other
Peer leadership in sex education
Elisa Brown, MD

2. z
Teach Yourself; Teach Each Other
 Key points:
 Unprotected sex has consequences
 Teens are at particular risk from the consequences of
unprotected sex
 You can learn about unprotected sex, its consequences and
prevention of unintended pregnancy and STD’s then become a
resource for your peers

3. z
Unprotected sex is not something you can just do;
there are consequences.
 Unintended pregnancy
 Repeat teen pregnancy
 STD

4. If you are going to teach your
friends and classmates about sex
and its consequences, you have to
educate yourself first.

5. z
Did you know that…?
 STD’s are at an all time high (CDC 2016)
 The highest rates of chlamydia are among young
people ages 15-24 ( CDC 2017)
 Pregnancy still affects 1 in 3 teens ( The National
Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned
Pregnancy, 2017)

6. z
The health consequences of unprotected sex
 Mother
 Preeclampsia/toxemia
disease of high blood
pressure in pregnancy
 Post partum depression
 low socioeconomic
status/poverty
 Miss out on education/drop
out
 Repeat teen pregnancy
 Baby
 Low birth weight
 Infection
 Neonatal death
Unintended pregnancy can have devastating consequences for the mother and newborn

7. z
Why does this happen? Teen Moms
 Get depressed more because
of the increased stress and
difficulties of adolescence
 Teen moms may get
preeclampsia more because
their systems are immature
and prone to inflammatory
reaction (Williams Obstetrics
2010)
 Have more risk of poverty
because of not completing
education
 Newborns of Teen Moms
 My be smaller because both the
fetus and the mother are still
developing and growing and
there is not enough energy for
both so the baby becomes small
 The Babies may also be smaller
because of the lower
socioeconomic status of teen
moms and poor living conditions
causing stress which causes
poor blood flow and inflammation
 (Chin et al, 2007)

8. z
The health consequences of unprotected sex
STD’s
 Chlamydia and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) are the most
common STD’s
 Other STD’s include gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, and HIV.
 Some STD’s are bacteria that can be cured with antibiotics.
Some STD’s are parasites that you can also kill with antibiotics.
Some STD’s are viruses that you may be able to control with
medication but you never get rid of it.
 It doesn't matter if you are straight, gay, cis or trans, the need for
protection with sexual activity is for all people

9. z
The health consequences of unprotected sex-
STD’s
 Chlamydia a bacterium that can get into the fallopian
tubes or the male scrotum and cause damage that leads to
tubal pregnancy and infertility or not being able to have children
when you want to.
 It can also cause blindness and severe illness in babies if a
mother has it when she gives birth. It is cured easily with
antibiotics but only if you get tested and treat yourself and your
partner early
 It is cured easily with antibiotics but only if you get tested and
treat yourself and your partner early

10. z
The health consequences of unprotected sex
STD’s
 HPV is a virus that causes genital warts. It affect men and
women
 HPV also attacks the of the cervix or the mouth of the womb.
 HPV can attack the cells of the vulva or the male perineum. It it
can attack the cells of the anus and oropharynx as well
 HPV gets into the cells and can change them into cancer cells
as it uses the cell to duplicate itself.


11. z
HPV
 HPV Affects the female cervix of adolescent girls more readily
because they have is a larger surface area of genetically active
cells
 Avoid HPV by avoiding unprotected sex through abstinence or
using a condom
 A condom can not protect form infection of the outside skin so
you can still get genital warts form HPV caught through skin to
skin contact
 HPV is not curable, but it can be prevented with a vaccine called
Gardasil

12. z
Preventing the consequences of
unprotected sex
 Get yourself educated/ get them educated
 Use evidence based sex education curricula and
materials that focus on encouraging safe behavior
 Use curricula and materials that include information
of healthy relationships and your goals in life

13. zThe internet: the Information dump highway
 CDC
 HHS-OAH
 National Campaign
 Go ask Alice www.goaskalice.columbia.edu – a place to have your questions answered by a
team of Columbia University health specialists.
 www.itsyoursexlife.com – MTV site with loads of info
 www.sexetc.org – by teens for teens, videos, blogs, phone app, magazine
& more
 www.scarleteen.com – One on one services for NOW. message boards,
blogs, glossaries, etc. Store

14. z
Help prevent the consequences of
unprotected sex with these principles:
 Abstinence is best when you are young because of the
risks of unprotected sex
 If you are having sex, no judgment, but get yourself
some protection. This means condoms AND birth control
or contraception. Most contraception will not protect from
STD’s; you need both!
 Find a “ Youth Friendly” clinic and get tested for STD’s
for early cure. Get condoms and birth control if you need
them
 Get vaccinated
 Above all, get good information

15. z
Take home message:
 Unprotected sex has serious complications especially
for teens
 Educate yourself. Use good information
 Educate your peers, friends and classmates. They
want to hear from you.
 Prevention is the key

16. References
 Advocates for Youth. (2008). Adolescent maternal mortality. Retrieved
from http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/publications-a-
z/436-adolescent-maternal-mortality-an-overlooked-crisis
 Advocates for Youth. (2008). Best practices for youth friendly clinical
services. Retrieved from
http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/publications-a-z/1347--
best-practices-for-youth-friendly-clinical-services
 Advocates for Youth. (2008). Peer programs: looking at the evidence of
effectiveness, a literature review. Retrieved from
http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/publications-a-z/1856-
peer-programs-looking-at-the-evidence-of-effectiveness-a-literature-
review
 Blum, R., & Qureshi, F. (2011). Morbidity and mortality among
adolescents and young adults in the United States. Retrieved from
http://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/center-for-
adolescent-health/_images/_pre-
redesign/az/US%20Fact%20Sheet_FINAL.pdf

17.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Reported
STDs at unprecedented high in the U.S. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2016/std-surveillance-
report-2015-press-release.html
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Sexual risk
behaviors: HIV, STD and teen pregnancy prevention. Retrieved
from https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/sexualbehaviors/
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Teen
pregnancy in the United States. Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/teenpregnancy/about/index.htm
 Centers for Disease Control. (2017). HPV vaccine information for
young women. Retrieved , from
https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv-vaccine-young-women.htm

18.  Chen, X., Wen, S., Fleming, N., Demissie, K., Rhodes, G., &
Walker, M. (2007). Teenage pregnancy and adverse birth
outcomes: a large population based retrospective cohort study.
Retrieved from
https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/36/2/368/718213/Teenage-
pregnancy-and-adverse-birth-outcomes-a
 Cunningham, G., Leveno, K., Bloom, S., Hauth, J., Rouse, D., &
Spong, C. (2010). Williams Obstetrics (23 ed.). [e-book]. Retrieved
from https://librarycatalog.ttuhsc.edu/cgi-bin/koha/opac-
detail.pl?biblionumber=101873&query_desc=kw%2Cwrdl%3A%20e
lectronic%20books%20williams%20Obstetrics
 Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Adolescent
Health. (2016). Trends in teen pregnancy and childbearing.
Retrieved from https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/adolescent-
development/reproductive-health-and-teen-pregnancy/teen-
pregnancy-and-childbearing/trends/index.html

19.  Friedman, D. (2012). HPV-the most common sexually
transmitted virus. Retrieved from
https://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/8913/9611/8041/HPV.p
df
 Guttmacher Institute. (2016). Publicly funded family planning
services in the United States- fact sheet. Retrieved from
https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/publicly-funded-family-
planning-services-united-states
 Guttmacher Institute. (2016). Unintended pregnancy in the
United States. Retrieved from https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-
sheet/unintended-pregnancy-united-states

20.  Hoffman, B., Schorge, J., Shaffer, J., Halvorson, L., Bradshaw,
K., Cunningham, G., & Calver, L. (2010). Williams Gynecology
(2 ed.). [e-book]. Retrieved from
http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.ezproxy.ttuhsc.edu/book.
aspx?bookid=399
 Kirby, D., Coyle, K., Alton, F., Rolleri, L., & Robin, L. (2011).
Reducing adolescent sexual risk: a theoretical guide for
developing and adapting curriculum-based programs. Retrieved
from
http://pub.etr.org/upfiles/reducing_adolescent_sexual_risk.pdf
 Lowry, D., & Schiller, J. (2013, January ). Reducing HPV-
associated cancer globally. Cancer Prevention Research, 5(1),
18-23. http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0542

21.  Office of Adolescent Health. (2015). Reducing the risk. Retrieved
from https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/grant-programs/teen-pregnancy-
prevention-program-tpp/evidence-based-programs/reducing-the-
risk/index.html
 Office of Adolescent Health-US Department of Health and Human
Services. (2016). OAH teen pregnancy prevention program:
spotlighting success. Retrieved from
https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/sites/default/files/tppsuccess-uofl.PDF
 The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned
Pregnancy. (2017). https://thenationalcampaign.org
 U.S. Health and Human Services, Office of Population Affairs.
(2014). Program Requirements for Title X Funded Family Planning
Projects. Retrieved from
https://www.hhs.gov/opa/sites/default/files/ogc-cleared-final-
april.pdf