This presentation is based on the report of Rao, Sudhakar & Mamatha, P.. (2004). Water Quality in Sustainable Water Management.

1. WATER QUALITY
IN SUSTAINABLE
WATER MANAGEMENT
Presentation on
Course Code: ESE 3209
Course Name: Integrated Water Resources Development and Engineering

2. GROUP
MEMBERS
Md. Eftekharul Alam
Emon
Roll no: 19103413
Md. Asif Shohan
Roll no: 19103414
Tonmoy Banik
Roll no: 19103415

3. TOPICS
SUSTAINABLE
WATER
MANAGEMENT
METHOD TO TREAT
FLUORIDE-
CONTAMINATED
WATER
WATER
POLLUTION
DOMESTIC
DEFLUORIDATION
UNIT
SOURCES OF
POLLUTION
DIFFUSE
POLLUTION

4. WATER
is a finite resource that is
essential for life on earth.
As the world population
continues to grow, the demand
for water also increases.
SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT
Sustainable water management is
crucial in ensuring that we
have access to clean and safe
water both now and in the
future
WATER QUALITY
The most important aspects of
sustainable water management is
maintaining water quality. Poor
water quality can have severe
consequences on human health and
the environment.
INTRODUCTION TO
SUSTAINABLE
WATER
MANAGEMENT

5. WATER POLLUTION
 Water pollution is a serious
problem in India as almost 70% of
its surface water resources and a
growing number of its groundwater
reserves are already contaminated
by biological, organic and
inorganic pollutants
 One of the important issues that
impacts sustainable water
management (SWM) practice in India
is related to water quality.
 Problems with water quality can
often lead to severe problems
WATER POLLUTION
AND SOURCES

6. 1
Effluents in most of the
cases are discharged into
pits, open ground, or open
unlined drains near the
factories, thus resulting in
groundwater pollution.
2
The industries, which are
burgeoning at a fast rate,
produce about 55,000
million m3 of wastewater
per day, out of which 68.5
million m3 is discharged
into river and streams.
3
Thus the magnitude of damage caused to our water resources
can be estimated from the fact that about 70% of rivers and
streams in India contain polluted water.
POLLUTION SOURCES
POLLUTION FROM
POINT SOURCES

7. POLLUTION SOURCES
DIFFUSE POLLUTION
 Agricultural activities:
Fertilizers and pesticides have
entered the water supply
through runoff and leaching to
the groundwater table causing
water pollution.
 Geological origin:
 Arsenic contamination of
groundwater invariably arises
from natural geological and
environmental conditions.
 A total of 106,019 sq km
area (about 31%) of Rajasthan
comes under saline

8. METHOD TO TREAT
FLUORIDE-CONTAMINATED WATER
The IISc Method
The principle of the IISc method of defluoridation involves the following
steps:
1. Coagulation: In the first step, the water is treated with a coagulant, such as
aluminum sulfate, to destabilize the fluoride ions in the water and cause them
to form clusters.
2. Sedimentation: The coagulated water is then allowed to settle for a period of
time to allow the fluoride clusters to settle at the bottom of the container.
3. Filtration: The settled water is then passed through a filter, such as sand or
activated carbon, to remove any remaining fluoride clusters.
4. Superposition: In this step, the filtered water is then mixed with a solution of
calcium hydroxide (lime) and a small amount of alum. The calcium hydroxide
reacts with the fluoride ions in the water to form calcium fluoride, which is
insoluble and can be easily removed by sedimentation.
5. Iteration: The process of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and
superposition is repeated until the desired level of fluoride removal is achieved

9. FLUORIDE-REMOVAL
FROM GROUND WATER
Figure (1) below illustrates that for a given mass of magnesium oxide,
the amount of fluoride retained increases with concentration of
fluoride ions in the spiked water samples

10. FLUORIDE-REMOVAL
FROM GROUND WATER
Figure (2) illustrates that at any given fluoride solution concentration and
solids : solution ratio, magnesium oxide exhibits more than 86%
retention efficiency for fluoride ions.

11. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FLUORIDE-
CONTAMINATED WATER SAMPLES

12. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF
DEFLUORIDATION UNIT

13. CONCLUSION
Degradation of water
quality creates water
scarcity and limits its
availability for human
use
The method is non
toxic and very
environmental
Friendly
A new method to treat
fluoride-contaminated
water using magnesium
oxide has been developed
at the Indian Institute of
Science
Fluoride ions
contaminate aquifers due
to geo chemical
conditions and over
exploitation of
groundwater resource

14. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Rao, Sudhakar & Mamatha, P.. (2004). Water Quality in Sustainable Water Management. Current
Science. 87. Water pollution is a serious problem as almost 70% of India's surface water resources and a
growing number of its groundwater reserves have been contaminated by biological, organic and
inorganic pollutants. Pollution of surface and groundwater resources occurs through point and diffuse
sources. Examples of point source pollution are effluents from industries and from sewage-treatment
plants. Typical examples of diffuse pollution sources are agricultural runoffs due to inorganic fertilizers
and pesticides and natural contamination of groundwater by fluoride, arsenic and dissolved salts due to
geo-chemical activities. In pursuit of measures to achieve sustainability in water management, the
Centre for Sustainable Technologies (CST) at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) has begun to address
treatment of fluoride-contaminated groundwater for potable requirements. The fluorosis problem is
severe in India as almost 80% of the rural population depends on untreated groundwater for potable
water supplies. A new method to treat fluoride-contaminated water using magnesium oxide has been
developed at IISc. The IISc method relies on precipitation, sedimentation, and filtration techniques and
is efficient for a range of groundwater chemistry conditions.

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