basic definition of genetics: gene dna chormosome etc.

1.  Haploid:
single set of chromosomes (n) in a cell. {sex cells} also called as Gametes.
 Diploid:
pair of chromosomes (2n) in a cell. {somatic cells}
 Gametes:
these are haploid sex cells(n).
 Zygote:
it is a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes;
a fertilized ovum.
 Chromatin:
It is a complex of DNA and protein forming chromosome. OR a mixture of DNA
and proteins that form the chromosomes found in the cells of humans and other
higher organisms.

2.  Chromosome:
A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material
of an organism.
OR a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of
most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
 Homologous Chromosome;
The pair of chromosome which contains the maternal as well as the paternal
chromatid of the same length and gene position and joined by the centromere.
 Synapsis:
Pairing of homologous chromosome at the start of meiosis is called synapsis.
 Genotype:
Assamblage of allele of an individual OR refers to the genetic makeup of an
organism OR the total sum of genes transferred from parents to offspring.

3.  Phenotype:
physical and chemical expression of organism. OR the set
of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of
its genotype with the environment.
 Dominant allele:
An allele that expresses its phenotypic effect even when heterozygous
with a recessive allele. OR a variation of a gene that will produce a certain
phenotype, even in the presence of other alleles
 Resessive allele:
A type of allele that when present on its own will not affect the individual.
OR a variety of genetic code that does not create a phenotype if a dominant
allele is present.