All about atmosphere

1. The
Atmosphere
and Its
Layers

2. INTRODUCTION
Earth is a unique planet because the life is found only on
this planet. The air has a special place among the
conditions necessary for life. The air is a mixture of
several gases. The air encompasses the earth from all
sides. The air surrounding the Earth is called the
atmosphere. The atmosphere is an integral part of our
Earth. It is connected with the earth due to the
gravitational force of the earth. It helps in stopping the
ultra violet rays harmful for the life and maintain the
suitable temperature necessary for life.
The air is essential for the survival of all forms of life on
the earth. You cannot imagine any kind of life in the
absence of it. The atmosphere is like a large protective
cover. Besides many gases, water vapour and dust
particles are also found in the atmosphere.

3. What
is
atmosphere?

4. Atmosphere
The atmosphere is the thin envelope of gas
molecules surrounding the Earth; it is held
down by Earth’s gravitational pull. The
atmosphere is concentrated at the Earth’s
surface and rapidly thins as you move
upward, blending with space at about 100
miles above sea level. The atmosphere is
actually very thin compared to the size of
the earth. Its thickness can be compared to
a piece of paper laid over a beach ball or
the skin of an apple. The heat trapping
ability it has helps to keep the Earth warm
enough for life, and it also protects the
Earth from harmful solar radiation and
cosmic rays.

5. Layers of
the
atmosphere

7. LAYERS OF THE
ATMOSPHERE
While there are no exact boundaries
within the atmosphere, it is divided
into layers based on temperature and
pressure. The very lowest layer,
which contains 90% of the
atmosphere's mass, is called the
troposphere.

8. This is also where all living things are
found and where all weather occurs.
Airplanes fly at the very top of the
troposphere, so they can fly over the
weather, which causes turbulence.
This is the most important layer of the
atmosphere because all kinds of weather
changes take place only in this layer. Due
to these changes development of living
world take place on the earth. The air never
remains static in this layer. Therefore this
layer is called changing sphere or
troposphere.
TROPOSHERE

9. This layer is above the troposphere. The is called
the stratosphere.
Weather related incidents do not take place in this layer.
The air blows horizontally here. Therefore this layer is
considered ideal for flying of aircrafts.
The stratosphere extends from the top of the
troposphere to about 50 km (31 miles) above the ground.
The infamous ozone layer is found within the
stratosphere. Ozone molecules in this layer absorb high-
energy ultraviolet (UV) light from the Sun, converting the
UV energy into heat. Unlike the troposphere, the
stratosphere actually gets warmer the higher you go!
That trend of rising temperatures with altitude means
that air in the stratosphere lacks the turbulence and
updrafts of the troposphere beneath. Commercial
passenger jets fly in the lower stratosphere, partly
because this less-turbulent layer provides a smoother
ride. The jet stream flows near the border between the
troposphere and the stratosphere.
STRATOSPHERE

10. It is the third layer of the atmosphere spreading
over stratosphere.
‘Meteors’ or falling stars occur in this layer.
Above the stratosphere is the mesosphere. It
extends upward to a height of about 85 km (53
miles) above our planet. Most meteors burn up in
the mesosphere. Unlike the stratosphere,
temperatures once again grow colder as you rise up
through the mesosphere. The coldest temperatures
in Earth's atmosphere, about -90° C (-130° F), are
found near the top of this layer. The air in the
mesosphere is far too thin to breathe (the air
pressure at the bottom of the layer is well below 1%
of the pressure at sea level and continues dropping
as you go higher).
MESOSPHERE

11. The next layer up, the thermosphere, is the largest layer,
extending from 50-300 miles. Satellites orbit Earth here, and
this layer actually increases in temperature with increasing
altitude. The ionosphere is a sub-layer found at the top of the
mesosphere and the bottom of the thermosphere and gets it
because it is ion-rich. This region is a special place in the sky
because this is where displays of light in the sky called
auroras occur.
The layer of very rare air above the mesosphere is called
the thermosphere. High-energy X-rays and UV radiation from
the Sun are absorbed in the thermosphere, raising its
temperature to hundreds or at times thousands of degrees.
However, the air in this layer is so thin that it would feel
freezing cold to us! In many ways, the thermosphere is more
like outer space than a part of the atmosphere. Many satellites
actually orbit Earth within the thermosphere! Variations in the
amount of energy coming from the Sun exert a powerful
influence on both the height of the top of this layer and the
temperature within it.
THERMOSPHERE

12. The final layer is the called the exosphere
because it is on the outside like an exoskeleton.
This layer begins at about 300 miles from the
ground but, as mentioned before, slowly fades
into space, so it's hard to tell exactly where it
ends.
Although some experts consider the
thermosphere to be the uppermost layer of our
atmosphere, others consider the exosphere to
be the actual "final frontier" of Earth's gaseous
envelope. As you might imagine, the "air" in the
exosphere is very, very, very thin, making this
layer even more space-like than the
thermosphere. In fact, the air in the exosphere is
constantly - though very gradually - "leaking"
out of Earth's atmosphere into outer space.
There is no clear-cut upper boundary where the
exosphere finally fades away into space.
EXOSPHERE

13. Change of weather take place only in
troposphere.
Change of weather conditions do not take place
in stratosphere. This is an ideal layer for flying
airplanes.
Ions are found in abundance in ionosphere.
Ionosphere reflects back the radio waves to the
earth and make possible the communication
system.
Density of air is the least in the exosphere.

14. FUNCTIONS
AND
CONSTITUENTS
OF THE
ATMOSPHERE

15. Functions of the atmosphere
The atmosphere protects life on
earth by shielding it from incoming
ultraviolet (UV) radiation, keeping the
planet warm through insulation, and
preventing extremes between day
and night temperatures. The sun
heats layers of the atmosphere
causing it to convect driving air
movement and weather patterns
around the world.

16. Earth's atmosphere is
composed of about 78
percent nitrogen, 21 percent
oxygen, 0.9 percent argon,
and 0.1 percent other gases.
Trace amounts of carbon
dioxide, methane, water
vapor, and neon are some
of the other gases that make
up the remaining 0.1
percent.
Constituents of the atmosphere

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DANNICA GRACE BANILAD BEED 2D