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- 1. Online Training Donate Life Northwest 2013-2014 School Speakers Bureau Valerie Egan, Education Outreach Coordinator education@donatelifenw.org 503-418-4035
- 2. This Training About one hour Volunteers must have already attended a basic Ambassador Orientation AND an annual School Speakers Bureau prior to joining our roster This training satisfies your commitment to annual training! Questions? CONTACT US!
- 3. Education & Inspiration Our small staff depends on highly trained volunteers to share our educational and inspirational message in schools throughout Oregon and SW Washington! EDUCATIONAL • DVD • Power Point • Brochures • GoRecycleYourself.com INSPIRATIONAL • You!
- 4. Our goals • Ensure students know how to register as donors • Create youth advocates who can, in turn, educate their families and community: • Cultivate positive attitudes towards deceased donation • Debunk myths or fears that impede registration with facts, statistics, data • Raise awareness of the need for registered donors • Emphasize the importance of talking to family about your end-of-life wishes
- 5. How it works 1. Teachers contact Donate Life Northwest to request a free presentation on donation: 1. Online 2. 503-418-4035 3. education@donatelifenw.org 2. Staff arranges logistics, sends local volunteers an email with a link with all details + online registration 3. The first volunteer to RSVP will receive a confirmation email with details; materials will be mailed to them.
- 6. How it works, part 2 4. Donate Life mails the teacher a packet of teaching materials for photocopying, including the PAPER REGISTRATION FORM, handouts, quizzes, and homework assignments. 5. Arrive at the school, always check in as a Visitor. 6. Use tools from Donate Life to craft your educational, inspirational presentation! 7. Hand out evaluations to each class. Collect, read for your own benefit, and mail back to Donate Life.
- 7. How it works, part 3 8. Follow-up from Donate Life staff: an online survey, phone call, or email. Please let us know how it went! Do you have suggestions, challenges, questions? 9. Consider attending ongoing training in January and March (in Portland) to meet fellow SSB and go indepth with our tissue and organ coordinators
- 8. Our expectations School Speakers Bureau (SSB) attend an annual Fall training to review our Donate Life power points & school program; may attend additional trainings in Winter/Spring SSB members utilize tools provided by Donate Life, to ensure that various and highly complex aspects of donation receive equal parts attention and education SSB members represent our agency in both professional dress and speech SSB members present registration as a personal choice, not an obligation. Our job is to help students make an informed decision – not to pressure them.
- 9. School expectations Visitors speak professionally and appropriately to youth audiences The Donate Life Power Point is the „bulk‟ of a Donate Life presentation; as such it can be submitted to school administrator‟s for presentation approval Donate Life presentations encourage students to think critically about their personal health decisions, and how this impacts their family and community Visitors arrive on time, and check in as Visitors at the school‟s main office
- 10. Your personal story Your personal story can be a significant influence on someone‟s decision to register. At the same time, we must meet certain criteria in order to be invited into schools! Please let staff know if you need ideas or assistance to ensure that your presentation balances neutral, fact-based information (the purpose of our Power Point!), and your personal story. Option 1: • Set aside 15 minutes to devote exclusively to your personal story, after you have guided students through the Donate Life Power Point. Option 2: • Incorporate your pictures and story within the Donate Life Power Point. Please do not delete slides to “make room”, rather, add slides, or personalize existing slides with your own images.
- 11. Resources for you School Speakers Bureau Manual • Please review! Contact us with questions. • EDUCATIONAL www.donatelifenw.org/content/ambassador-tools • The most recent Power Points • Links to all videos you can use in the classroom • INSPIRATIONAL • http://donatelifevoices.org/tools-and-gear/ • Various tools and tips for telling your personal story
- 12. Tips! • Hand out brochures and evaluation forms prior to speaking. • Encourage students to ask questions throughout your presentation. Pause between sections and ask if anyone has a question. This will add time, but keeps things interactive. • Be honest : you are/are not a medical professional. Nonetheless, you‟ll answer questions to the best of your ability! • If students have too many or very complex questions, have them write down their question on the back of the evaluation form. • Give your voice a rest: click on hyperlinked videos throughout the presentation. • At the presentation‟s end, offer the students a sticker in exchange for their completed evaluation form.
- 13. And now, for the tools 1. “Science” Power Point Brown background, you are looking at it! For use in science, biology, anatomy, health careers classrooms Contains graphic images, detailed info 2. “General” Power Point Blue background, on website For health, driver‟s education, or other classrooms
- 14. Your Decision to Donate: Facts about organ, eye and tissue donation & transplantation Oregon: Your Decision to Donate Washington: It’s Your Choice
- 15. What is Donate Life Northwest? • Oregon Donor Registry • non-profit health education “What does that “D” on my license mean?”
- 16. Regional Partners Oregon DMV Hospitals and Transplant Centers Organ, eye and tissue procurement organizations
- 17. Real donors save lives Melanie Evan
- 18. A growing health crisis… The National Donor Gap Patients on the U.S. Waitng List for Organs 120000 100000 80000 Waiting List for Organs 60000 Deceased donors Living Donors 40000 20000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013
- 19. You could fill Autzen Stadium twice over with everyone on the U.S. Waiting List!
- 20. Communities of color make up 56% of the U.S. waiting list 1/3 of African Americans suffer from high blood pressure. Hispanic Americans are 3x more likely to suffer from Type II Diabetes Native Americans are 4x more likely to suffer from Type II Diabetes. Asian Americans suffer significantly from liver disease.
- 21. Life on the waiting list 1. Doctors refer sick patient to a transplant center 2. A committee of doctors, surgeons, and hospital staff decide whether a patient is a candidate for transplant 3. A transplant candidate is added to the national waiting list 4. People stay on the national waiting list for days, months, or even years. • Ben‟s Story: Waiting for a Transplant
- 22. Waiting today in Oregon As of September 1, 2013 Kidney Liver Heart Female 271 37 6 Male 484 100 15 Visit www.unos.org for today‟s numbers.
- 23. In the United States… 18 On average, donor. people will die today for lack of a Another name is added to the national waiting list every minutes. 11
- 24. two kinds of donors Living donations Deceased donations
- 25. living donation • blood • bone marrow • partial liver • partial lung • one kidney
- 26. living kidney donation: the challenge In the majority of cases, kidney donors are incompatible with their intended recipients – even if they are family. They must clear three “hurdles” before they can donate their kidney to a specific person: #1: Donor is healthy #2 Compatible Blood types #3: Cross match If a donor and recipient do not match, a donor can still choose to donate to someone else in need – a friend, or even a stranger.
- 27. A Very Brief History of Transplantation 1878: First bone transplant 1906: First cornea transplant 1908: First skin allograft 1954 : First kidney transplant (between identical twins) 1967: First heart transplant 1968: Uniform Anatomical Gift Act allows gift of organs to others, USA Dr. Joseph Murray, American, performs first kidney transplant. 1981: First heart-lung transplant For more, visit Gift of a Lifetime
- 28. Recycle Yourself: Facts about deceased donation
- 29. It is your decision at DMV… You will be asked whether you want to register as a universal anatomical donor upon death when you apply for or renew your DMV license, permit or identification card. Yes! I wish to donate my…. Organs Corneas Tissues … to save or enhance someone‟s life after I die, if possible.
- 30. And/or, it‟s your decision online… Update or change your designation any time Can specify limitations Oregon‟s Registry is smartphone-friendly Free www.DonateLifeNW.org/register-now
- 31. Why not register? Myths & Misconceptions Strongly held myths and misconceptions are major barriers that prevent some people from registering as organ, eye and tissue donors.
- 32. Organs which can be donated after death
- 34. One organ donor can save up to eight lives.
- 36. cornea donations Each year over 46,000 people have their sight restored with a cornea transplant Cornea transplant surgery has a success rate of 95%
- 37. the need for corneas • hereditary conditions • injury • Disease / infection chemical burn keratoconus John’s Story
- 38. Research Research on glaucoma, retinal disease and eye complications of diabetes rely on human cornea donations—leading to advanced treatments and cures
- 39. Cornea transplants… Penetrating Keratoplasty The original cornea procedure, it is called „Penetrating‟ because it is a full corneal thickness graft. A trephine “punches” a hole out of the donor tissue, and a corresponding hole for the recipient. The tissue „button‟ from the donor cornea is then sewn into the corresponding space for the recipient. It is then sewn in with a running suture around the interface.
- 40. Cornea transplants… 1. remove diseased layer 4. insert air bubbles 2. insert healthy donor layer 5. transplant held in place by air pressure 3. put healthy layer in place with fluid injection 6. small incision sealed with minimal sutures
- 41. life saving tissue grafts • heart valves are used to repair congenital heart defects • saphenous veins are used for vascular disease surgeries, such as heart bypass surgery.
- 42. life enhancing bone grafts bone grafts can help over 50 recipients • replace cancerous bone prevent need for amputation • treat a wide range of medical conditions: spine surgery, joint reconstruction and treatment of trauma Tyler’s Story
- 43. life enhancing ligaments, tendons and skin • ligaments and tendons are most commonly used in sports-related injuries Jeremy‟s Story • skin grafts are used as a biological bandage for burn victims
- 44. One tissue donor can save up to 50 lives.
- 45. the power of organ transplantation before after
- 50. Donation & Transplantation: How does it work? OrganDonor.gov
- 51. #1: lifesaving efforts The patient is admitted to hospital, and ALL possible lifesaving attempts are made to save the patient‟s life by hospital staff. Most potential organ donors are victims of a severe head trauma, a brain aneurysm or stroke. • Only AFTER death is declared can donation take place. An individual must meet the very specific medical criteria of „brain death‟ before organ donation can take place.
- 52. understanding cerebral death The image on the left shows the blood flow inside a normal, active brain. When someone severely injures their brain, the blood flow is cut off or restricted by pressure from the swelling brain. Brain death occurs when the blood flow to the brain is entirely lost. It is the complete and irreversible loss of brain and brain stem function. The photo on the right is of a deceased brain.
- 53. #2 Consent •The hospital notifies Pacific Northwest Transplant Bank of every patient that has died, or for whom death is imminent. •Recovery Coordinators search the state’s donor registry to see if deceased had enrolled as a donor: •If deceased is not registered or under 18, the Recovery Coordinator will seek consent from next of kin. •If deceased is registered, the Recovery Coordinator will inform kin of their decision to be a donor and will involve them in the process.
- 54. #3 Matching donors with recipients The UNOS computer system generates a list of individuals ranked in order of which potential recipient is the best match. The following criteria determine the best match: Body size Blood type Time waiting Medical urgency Proximity of donor and potential recipient (distance) Age, race, gender, and financial status are NEVER considered!
- 55. #4 Recovery Recovery Coordinators: • Decide which tissue or organs are healthy enough to consider for transplantation • Coordinate surgeons for the organ and/or tissue recovery • Like other operations, the recovery surgery takes place in an operating room, in the same sterile and careful way as in any surgery • All incisions are surgically closed and do not interfere with open-casket funerals.
- 56. logistics Number of Hours for Viability Heart Lungs Liver Pancreas Kidney 4-6 hours 4-6 hours 4-16 hours up to 14 hours up to 36 hours Cornea Tissue up to 14 hours up to 24 hours
- 57. #5 Post-recovery • There are no costs to the donor family for the donation process. • Donor families are offered bereavement services and support.
- 58. #6 Transplant Recovery Coordinators: • Transport the organs to the recipient‟s hospital Those on the waiting list: • Get “the call” • Prepare for surgery…
- 59. life after transplant almost normal… • possibility of rejection • immunosuppressant drugs • post-transplant check-ups
- 60. The future of transplantation… Bioengineered organs or tissues? Limb transplants? Check out GoRecycleYourself.com! Stem cell therapies? Bionic body parts? Improved preservation technology?
- 61. Do you have a future in donation and transplant? Chemists Can be involved in developing medicines to help organ recipients. Dialysis Technicians Oversee the process of administering dialysis to kidney patients. Immunologists Study and research the body‟s immune system, and develop ways for body to accept a transplant with fewer side effects. Lab Technicians Help catalog, store and test tissues, blood samples, and other important information. Nurses Assist in treating recipients and donors, and assist in surgery. Typically have critical care experience Nutritionists Help recipients maintain a diet that will help them regain their health during recovery Pharmacologists Scientists who deal with the preparation, uses and effects of medications Physical Therapists Help organ recipients recover physical strength and resume normal activities Physicians Diagnose and treat diseases that may result in organ failure. Provide treatment and prescribe Rx for individuals waiting for transplant Radiologists Determine best use of x-rays and x-ray therapies in the medical care of donors and transplant recipients Researchers Chemists, biologist, radiologist, and others help develop new drug treatments, methods of transplantation, ways to treat recipients Transplant Coordinators Counsel the family of a recently deceased person about the option of donation, and help oversee the medical management of the donor and placement of the organs. Transplant Surgeons Specialize in the transplantation of particular organs; also recover organs from donors.
- 62. You are not too young to register! Ages 13 and up can register online or with a paper form Ages 15 and up can put a “D” / heart on their license Parental consent is not required to register. However, if you become a donor while under 18, your next of kin will always be asked for consent before donation can occur. You could be the legal next of kin for your parents and siblings. Do you know what their wishes are? Please discuss your wishes with your family today!
- 63. You can help in Oregon & Washington 1. Online at www.DonateLifeNW.org (OR) Oregon’s registry is smartphone-friendly! www.DonateLifeToday.com (WA) ! 2. D/ on your DMV license/permit/ID 3. Talk to you family about your decision.
- 64. Learn more and register online… DonateLifeNW.org
- 65. Presentation‟s over. Now what? • Encourage students to consider organizing a campus or community donor drive! Just contact Donate Life Northwest; we‟ll mail them a free box of tools to make it happen. This is a great idea for clubs, senior or leadership projects, etc. • Collect the evaluation forms (perhaps offer a sticker in return). You‟ll mail them back to Portland using an SASE envelope we provide. • Thank the teacher for hosting us. • Drop off a pile of Student Project flyers in the counseling center, or leave with the teacher.
- 66. THANK YOU! Donate Life Northwest 2013-2014 School Speakers Bureau Valerie Egan, Education Outreach Coordinator education@donatelifenw.org 503-418-4035
Editor's Notes
- Optional: You can click on the links to access Oregon or Washington-based introductory videos, approx. 10 minutes long, via the Donate Life Northwest Youtube channel.Introduce yourself!Who are you?What’s your job?If your job is related to donation/transplantation, how did you choose your job?If you are a volunteer, why do you volunteer to spread awareness about donation and transplantation?Are you a registered donor? Why?Message and goals for today:Each and every one of you will have to make a choice one day about whether or not to register as an organ, eye and tissue donor. I’m here today to make sure you know what registration means, and why it’s important.Whether or not to register as a donor is a personal choice. If you don’t want to register, that’s okay. Today is about making sure you have the facts so that you can make an educated decision.Whether or not you register as a donor, the most important message today is this: TALK TO YOUR FAMILY. They need to know what you think about being a donor. Likewise, you need to know their wishes.
- Donate Life Northwest works with many important partners.DMV: when you turn 15, you’ll be asked by our partners at DMV whether you want to be a donor. We are very fortunate: 74% of Oregonians with a driver’s license and 75% of Washingtonians with a driver’s license say YES to donation! Hospitals and transplant centers: Not every hospital in the state performs transplant surgeries, and not all kinds of transplants are done in Oregon. For example, if you need a lung transplant you must fly to Seattle or California.How many hospitals in Oregon perform transplants?Legacy Good Samaritan= kidneyOregon Health & Science University = kidney, liver, heartPortland VA = kidney & liver (for veterans)Organ, eye and tissue procurement organizationsCoordinators from these organizations are the medical professionals who oversee the actual donation process.Community Tissue Services: coordinates tissue donationsLions Vision Gift: coordinates corneal donations & conducts researchPacific Northwest Transplant Bank: coordinates organ transplants
- Although today we’ll talk about many facts and statistics, please remember that donation is really about people and saving lives. Evan and Melanie are two people who died tragically young. Through their donation, their families could find some comfort through giving gifts of life to other families.Evan Burke had just turned 21 and was an art major at Southern Oregon University, in Ashland, when he was hit by a car while skateboarding. He was airlifted to OHSU in Portland for advanced trauma treatment, where he passed on. His parents consented to donation, and Evan was able to donate his heart, liver, one kidney, both corneas and a long list of tissues. Pictured below are his parents with some of the recipients whose lives were saved by Evan, whom they chose to eventually meet. Melanie Mierslived in California. On her 16th birthday, she told her mother that she wanted to put a donor designation on her new driver’s license. A week later, Melanie was killedin a drive-by shooting as she left a friend's party. Pictured below is Shannon, a Portland woman whose life was saved by Melanie’s heart; Melanie’s mother Linda is on the left. They met seven years after Melanie’s donation.
- There is a critical need for organ donors in this country. As the green bar on this chart illustrates, there are many waiting, but comparatively few donors. Only 1% of people will die in a way that makes organ donation even possible.Blue bar = # of deceased donorsRed bar = living organ donors (kidney, liver, lung)This graph shows ONLY the number of people on the waiting list for organ transplants. This graph does NOT reflect the hundreds of thousands more people who could benefit from tissue and cornea transplants. Neither does it reflect those WAITING to be placed on the waiting list! Ask students to raise their hand if they know someone impacted by donation or transplantation. If they are willing, invite them to share their story.
- Or, you could fill Reser Stadium (OSU) 2.5 times over (capacity is 45,674)Autzen’s capacity is 54,000, so it’s actually 2.1 times over.
- According to organdonor.gov:People of ALL ages, races, and ethnicities can save and enhance lives by donating their organs, eyes and tissues. However, the need for transplant in some ethnic groups is disproportionately high, due to a high incidence of conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes, both of which can lead to the need for a kidney transplant.For example, African Americans, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics are three times more likely than Whites to suffer from end-stage renal (kidney) disease, often as the result of high blood pressure and other conditions that can damage the kidneys. Almost 35 percent of the more than 80,000 people on the national waiting list for a kidney transplant are African American.Although organs are not matched according to race/ethnicity, and people of different races frequently match one another, all individuals waiting for an organ transplant will have a better chance of receiving one if there are large numbers of donors from their racial/ethnic background. This is because compatible blood types and tissue markers—critical qualities for donor/recipient matching—are more likely to be found among members of the same ethnicity. A greater diversity of donors may potentially increase access to transplantation for everyone.More data: www.minorityhealth.hhs.gov
- Playing the “Ben’s Story” video is optional; it is 1 minute, 33 seconds long.Frequently Asked QuestionsWhat determines whether people get on the list?This decision is based on the status of the patient’s health, his or her medical and social history, and the expectation of their stability after the transplant takes place. How long do people stay on the waiting list?Those on the national waiting list may wait days, months, or even years. Many medical and logistical criteria impact the time an individual spends on the waiting list, including: • Blood type and size of organ needed • Distance between donor and recipient • Medical urgency • Immune-system matching UNOS provides detailed statistics on the waiting list.
- Optional Slide!History of Transplantation: how long have donation & transplantation been around?1818 – first human-to-human blood transfusion1878 – first successful human-to-human bone transplant1896 – First attempts at bone marrow transplant1823: First skin autograft-transplantation of skin tissue from one location on an individual’s body to another by Carl Bunger (German)1831 – Mary Shelley publishes Frankenstein 1906 – First corneal transplant by Edward Zim (Austria)1909 – First kidney transplant, from animal to human!1908 – First skin allograft-transplantation of skin tissue from a donor to a recipient by Jacque Louis Reverdin (Swiss)1954 – First kidney transplant between identical twins by Joseph Murray (American)1955 – First heart valve allograft by Gordon Murray (Canada)1967 – First heart transplant by Christian Barnard (South Africa), first liver transplant by Thomas Starzl (America)1968 – Uniform Anatomical Gift Act allows the gift of organs to others1981 – First heart-lung transplant by Bruce Reitz (America)
- Now we’ll turn to deceased donation.You might wonder what registration has to do with donation. Registering as a donor today establishes your advance directive:An advance directive is a legal document that allows you to communicate your end-of-life wishes to your family, friends and health care professionals. It eliminates the need for your family to make a major decision about donation during their time of grief, when they may not know, or be able to recall clearly, what you had wanted.Donation begins with a decision, when you decide you want to help people with end-stage disease by donating your organs and tissues when you die. When your time comes, perhaps decades later, your organs/tissues may be used to save many lives.
- Everyone who applies for a photo ID at the DMV will be asked the question: “Do you want to register as an anatomical donor?” You can sign up on the spot by checking the box on your application form.Registering at DMV means: You wish to donate anyvital organs, tissues and/or corneas that can be donated for the purpose of saving and enhancing lives. A “D” or heart will appear on your licenseIf you ever wish to change your status, you’ll need to pay for a new ID.FAQ: Will a “D” on my license compromise my health care?Contrary to popular belief, your driver’s license is not used to determine if you are a donor! Hospital staff are concerned with saving your life, and cannot even access the online Oregon Donor Registry. Organ, eye and tissue donation takes place only after all efforts to save your life have failed, you’ve died, and your family has been consulted by a recovery organization. This separate team of recovery coordinators will check to see if you are registered in the online database. Hospital doctors and nurses are not concerned with donor status, nor are they responsible for the donation process.
- Online registration is available 24/7, is totally free, and gives you the option of specifying limitations (I do not want to donate X, Y or Z).If you register online, the “D” or heart will NOT appear on your driver’s license. If you want to register as a donor but prefer that this not appear on your driver’s license, you can register online!Regardless of how you register (online, paper form or DMV), you will be in the Oregon’s confidential database, which is protected by Donate Life Northwest.FAQ:What if I DO NOT want to be a donor?You cannot mark every option in an attempt to “opt out” of the registry. If you do not wish to be a donor, simply do not register, and tell your friends and family!
- Endothelial keratoplastyis now the most common cornea procedure. The ‘endothelium’ is the bottom layer of the five cornea layers. This surgery is used when the patient has pathology in just that layer.The advantages: faster recovery of vision, less operating time, minimal removal of corneal tissue, no related suture complications.Step 1: A partial incision is made in the white of the eye (the sclera). Then, a small tool is inserted to scrape off the diseased layer of cells which is the back layer of the cornea, without any disruption of the outer layers.Step 2: A healthy donor layer of cells is inserted through the small incision. Step 3: The layer of cells is pushed into place with a fluid injection.Step 4: Air bubbles are inserted behind the transplanted tissue. Step 5: The transplant is held in place by this small pocket of air. The seal along the incision is supported by an air bubble in the anterior chamber so stitches may not be necessary. The surface remains smooth with no astigmatism.Step 6: If stitches are necessary, they are put in place.Advances in pharmacology, medical instruments and surgical techniques have made the surgery incredibly effective. Today, cornea transplant surgery has a successrate that exceeds 95%. (Sometimes corneas do fail, but it is as a result of the tissue or technique, not because of rejection as with organs or some tissues.)
- Ligaments aremost commonly used to repair sports-related injuries, such as ACL replacements.Other tendons, such as the Achilles’ tendon,are also used to restore mobility. Skin is the body’s first line of defense against microbes, and helps regulate heat and fluid in the body. Skin graftsare used to help heal patients with burns or disfiguring injuries. Skin grafts serve as a temporary cover, which decreases pain and prevents infection. The amount removed from a donor is very thin – around the same thickness as a pair of tights or a piece of paper. Just one burn victim can utilize skin grafts from 10 – 15 donors.During a skin graft, a special skin-cutting instrument known as a dermatone removes the skin from an area usually hidden by clothing (if students really want to know: the back, back/front of legs, buttocks and tops of thighs; sometimes the front of the trunk). Donation of skin does NOT interfere with funeral viewing arrangements. Optional: Before skin grafts were an option, gauze bandages were used to protect the burn. These bandages needed to be kept moist to prevent the bandage from sticking to the wound. If the nurse was called away from the patient for too long, the bandage would stick to the wound, pulling off another layer of skin when it was removed. Skin grafts are much preferred to shield the burned area while it is healing.
- Additional information:The transplant physician decides whether this potential recipient and the donor organ are suitable for one another. The physician must consider whether the potential recipient is:AvailableHealthy enough to undergo major surgeryWilling to undergo a transplant immediatelyA lab test to determine compatibility may also be necessary.This organ sharing system matches individuals with organs regardless of age, race, sex, or financial status.For organs such as heart, liver and lung, people who are in the sickest condition get priority for the next available organ. Complex mathematical algorithms that consider characteristics of the transplant candidate help determine which individual is likely to die without a timely transplant.
- There are no costs to the donor estate or donor family for the donation process. They are responsible for medical costs incurred before death and for funeral expenses. Costs related to donation are paid by the recipient, usually through insurance, Medicare, or Medicaid.Donation for transplant does not delay or prevent any type of funeral service. A donor can have a memorial viewing or open casket funeral. Surgical techniques are used to retrieve organs and tissues, and all incisions are closed.
- Thanks to dedicated researchers, there are many exciting ideas about how to save and enhance lives through donation and transplant. It is hard to predict what will be possible in our field even ten years from now…If you are curious about the future of donation science, visit Go Recycle Yourself.com’s blog!
- Perhaps you have a future in donation and transplantation…