1. Road Traffic Injuries and Deaths in India : Current Scenario Gururaj G Professor and Head Department of Epidemiology WHO Collaborating Centre for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences Bangalore 560 029 India. Email : [email_address]

2. Motorization pattern in India, 1971 - 2008 (000’s)

3. RTI Deaths in India, 1980-2008 ( est. for 2008) RTIs in India, 1980-2008 ( est. for 08)

6. Gururaj G, Road traffic Injury Prevention in India, 2007 Deaths (1) Serious injuries(30) Mild injuries ( 50 - 100 1,50,000 4,500,000 7,500,000

7. Top 15 Leading Causes of Death in Bengaluru City : Males Sl No. 0-4 yrs 5 - 14 yrs 15 - 24 yrs 25 - 34 yrs 35 - 44yrs 45 - 54yrs 55 - 64 yrs Above 65 yrs Total 1 Perinatal deaths Neoplasms Transport crashes Transport crashes Liver Diseases Ischaemic heart diseases Ischaemic heart diseases Ischaemic heart diseases Ischaemic heart diseases 2 Congenital malformation Viral diseases Suicide Suicide Ischaemic heart diseases Liver Diseases Neoplasms Diabetes Mellitus Neoplasms 3 Diarrhoeal diseases CNS Infections Burns Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Neoplasms Diabetes Mellitus Neoplasms Diabetes Mellitus 4 Neoplasms Burns Tuberculosis Liver Diseases Transport crashes Tuberculosis Liver Diseases Hypertensive diseases Liver Diseases 5 Viral diseases Transport crashes Neoplasms Burns Neoplasms Diabetes Mellitus Hypertensive diseases Cerebrovascula r diseases Hypertensive diseases 6 CNS infections Respiratory diseases Other Injury Causes Ischaemic heart diseases Cerebrovascula r diseases Cerebrovascula r diseases Cerebrovascular diseases Lower respiratory diseases Cerebrovascula r diseases 7 Respiratory Diseases Other CNS diseases Digestive System Disorders Neoplasms Diabetes Mellitus Transport crashes Pulmonary Heart Disease Pulmonary Heart Disease Tuberculosis 8 Burns Congenital malformation Rheumatic Heart Disease Other Injury causes Suicide Hypertensive diseases Tuberculosis Urinary System Disorders Pulmonary Heart Disease 9 Other diseases of the nervous system Bacterial diseases Respiratory Diseases Urinary System diorders Hypertensive diseases Pulmonary Heart Disease Lower respiratory diseases Liver Diseases Transport crashes 10 Tuberculosis Other Injury causes Viral diseases Cerebrovascula r diseases Other Injury Causes Urinary System Disorders Urinary system disorders Pneumonia Lower respiratory diseases 11 Transport crashes Rheumatic Heart Disease Diseases of urinary system CNS Infections Pulmonary Heart Disease Lower respiratory diseases Transport crashes Tuberculosis Urinary System Disorders 12 Rheumatic Heart Disease Tuberculosis CNS infections Pneumonia Urinary System Disorders Suicide Pneumonia Other CNS diseases Perinatal Deaths 13 Haemopoeitic Disorders Digestive disorders Other bacterial diseases Viral diseases Burns Other Injury causes Other diseases of the nervous system Transport crashes Suicide 14 Other injury causes Haemopoeitic disorders Other CNS diseases Other CNS diseases Viral diseases Pneumonia Other bacterial diseases Other bacterial diseases Other injury causes 15 Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscelaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Total 861 182 676 1348 1995 2886 3181 7305 20117

8. Age Sex Distribution of Road deaths 2009 in Urban and Rural areas Urban Rural

9. Who are the affected people ? Men and young people

10. Road Deaths in India ( NCRB 2008) ( Total deaths = 1,18,239)

11. Place of Death Injury Deaths in Rural areas RTI Deaths in Bengaluru

12. Number of persons killed in Road Accidents on Highways & Non-highways

16. Road user category in Epidemiological studies ( No correct data from national reports)

17. Road User categories of RTI deaths in Bengaluru (Police) (2009) Road user categories of Non- fatal RTIs (hospital data) – 2009 Road user categories of Fatal RTIs – Tumkur 2009 Road user categories of Non Fatal RTIs – Tumkur, 2009

20. Helmet use and road deaths Growth of Two-wheelers in Bengaluru city Two-wheeler deaths in Bangalore(1996-2009) Helmet usage among fatal and non-fatal RTIs Cases Booked by the Bangalore city police for not using helmets

22. Drink & Drive Bangalore Tumkur Trend of Drunken Driving cases booked by the Bangalore City Police Alcohol use among Fatal RTIs in Bengaluru & Tumkur Alcohol from previous studies

24. Seat Belt Growth of Motorcars in Bengaluru Trend of Seat belt cases booked by the Bangalore city police Seat Belt Use among Fatal and Non-fatal RTIS in Bengaluru Fatal Non-fatal

26. Location of fatal crashes, 2009

27. Speed Speed Interrupters Speed Cameras Blackberrys Trend of Overspeeding cases booked by the Bangalore City police

31. Mode of Transportation (2009) Urban Rural

32. Time interval between injury & reaching NIMAHNS (%)

35. Severe injuries Moderate injuries Minor injuries 25 - 30 % 30 – 40 % 20 – 30 %

37. Estimated costs for 2000 is Rs. 55,000 crores ($550,000 million) Source : TRIPP, New Delhi Economic Impact of RTIs Type of accident Estimated average costs in Rupees for year of study 1968 study for Delhi 1978 study for Madras city 1978 Road user cost study for India 1999 Evaluation of road accident costs for India Estimated cost 1995 report Fatal 27,805 129,987 49,804 535,489 38,527,362,572 Serious injury 7,470 35,447 29,510 106,959 -242736* 188,698,379,340 Minor injury 870 10,503 321 18,855 94,960,567,800 Property damage 1,155 10,033 - - Damage to vehicles - - 13,078 116,100 Total cost as per cent of GDP 0.29 0.69 3.2

38. Road Safety Interventions Technological Interventions Policy Interventions Regulatory Interventions Enabling Environment (Financial, Social, Physical) Beliefs & Behaviours (Community; Individual) Desired Change Modifications of roads & vehicles Educational Interventions Enforcement of road safety laws

44. Road Safety Policy, plans and programmes Organization of pre-hospital and trauma care Planning and budgeting for Road safety Advocacy Surveillance and Research Monitoring and evaluation Human resources and training Information systems from police, health and others InterventionProgrammes in different settings Legislation and human rights

52. Trend of Road deaths in Bangalore

53. Place of Road Deaths (%) in Bengaluru, 2009

54. Sl No Name of the Area Total Deaths 2009 ( 48 %) % Major Roads Deaths % 1 Byatarayanapura 56 7.43 Mysore road 28 50.00 2 Madivala 55 7.29 Hosur road 50 54.37 3 K R Puram 40 5.31 Old madras road 12 30.00 4 Yelahanka 39 5.17 Bellary road 42 62.68 5 Electronic City 37 4.91 6 Yeshwanthpura 30 3.98 Tumkur road 23 41.81 7 Devanahalli 28 3.71 8 Peenya 25 3.32 9 Banaswadi 24 3.18 Ring road 7 29.17 10 Mico Layout 24 3.18 Bannerghatta road 8 33.33

55. Time interval between time of injury and registration, (all injuries)

56. Severity of injuries in ER facilities (2009) (%) INJURYCAUSE Mild Moderate Severe Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Assault 57.8 56.1 34.9 40.5 7.3 3.5 Burns 18.2 26.7 27.3 53.3 54.6 20 Fall 48.8 34.2 38.8 35.5 12.4 30.3 Poisoning 23.4 18.4 50.1 46.1 26.6 35.5 Road traffic injury 41.0 42.6 46.2 39 12.8 18.5 Suicide 23.7 16.7 49.5 46.0 26.7 37.3 Total 41.6 42.0 44.9 40.3 13.4 17.7

59. Age Sex Distribution of Road Traffic Injuries (Bangalore Hospitals)

60. Trend graph of road deaths in Bengaluru, Mumbai and Delhi 1994 - 2008

61. Road User categories of RTI deaths in Bengaluru (Police) (2009) Road user categories of Non- fatal RTIs (hospital data) – 2009 Road user categories of Fatal RTIs – Tumkur 2009 Road user categories of Non Fatal RTIs – Tumkur, 2009