1. Module I: Week I – Plagiarism:
What it is and How to Avoid it
2. WRONG DEFINITION CORRECT DEFINITION
Intentionally copying the
work of others and
presenting it as your own
Intentionally or unintentionally
copying the work of others and
presenting it as your own.
Presenting it as your own also
involves not citing the original
source
What is different and why?
• Intention is irrelevant –
outcome is the same
• Failure to cite, again,
produces the same outcome
3. WORD-FOR-WORD
PLAGIARISM
PARAPHRASING
PLAGIARISM
Passage from Rose & Clear (1998)
• A crime control strategy that looks
only to coerce compliance from
members of communities and that
ignores the ways in which it can
strengthen the neighborhood’s
internal mechanism of social control
is worse than neutral. It is self-
defeating.
Passage from Fictional Paper
• “A crime control strategy that looks
only to coerce compliance from
members of communities and that
ignores the ways in which it can
strengthen the neighborhood’s
internal mechanism of social control
is worse than neutral. It is self-
defeating.”
Passage from Rose & Clear (1998)
• The “get tough” community policing
approach involving street sweeps
and the widespread use of arrests
may undercut private and parochial
social control processes.
Passage from Fictional Paper
• “Get tough” policing techniques that
utilize street sweeps and frequent
arrests will diminish the effect of
private and parochial social control.
Why is this also plagiarism?
• Is the original source credited?
4. Organize and keep
track of sources
• Always keep copies of
sources (paper or
electronic)
• Organize them
thematically, so you
know where to look
5. Note-taking
• Paraphrase in your
own words whenever
possible
Always be sure to clearly
indicate that a note is a
direct quote.
Weightedarrest/crimeratioisasignificantpredictorofriskperceptions,thecoefficientbeingpositive-
morearrestsequalahigherperceivedrisk.
a.
Pastperceptionsyieldasignificantinfluence,accountingforasignificantamountofthevariationinrisk
perceptions.
b.
Weightingthearrest/crimeratioproveduseful-thosewithhighcurrentandpastcrimesdoappearto
usetheirpastyear'sexperiencetoinfluencetheircurrentperceptions;thosewithhighpastcrimeand
lowcurrentcrimes,however,donot,andmoreweightappearstobeplacedonpreviousexperience.
i.
c. PanelB-Categorizingpastandcurrentcrimes
Thismeansthatanarrestcomesatapointwheretheindividualismorewillingtoincorporate
"signals"(arrests)intotheirriskperceptions.
1)
i. Subsequentanalysesdemonstratethatthegreatertheproportionoftotaloffensesarespondent
commitsduringthemostrecenttimeperiod,thegreatertheeffectofanarrest.
d. CurrentandPastCrimes
1. OLSResultsforGeneralUpdatingModel
Couldonlyestimatemodelsonaggressive-onlyoffenders,becausetherewerenotenoughincome-
generatingonlyoffendersformeaningfulanalysis.
i.
a. RestrictingtheSample
Demonstratesthat,whiletheincreaseintheformerwaslarger,updatingmaynotbeentirely
crime-specific.
1)
i. Arrestsforaggressivecrimesresultinastatisticallysignificant5%increaseintheriskofarrestfor
aggressiveoffendingandisalsoassociatedwith(4%increase)withtherisksofincome-generating
offensearrests.
b. Results
2. TestingCrime-SpecificUpdating
I. Results
6. Always cite your
sources
• If a full quote – indicate
it as such and include
page numbers
• If you are unsure
whether or not to cite,
chances are you
should cite.
Example
• Nagin, Cullen, & Lero-
Jonson (2009)
