The document discusses ambient air quality monitoring that was conducted for a mining project. Seven monitoring stations were established, including one in the core zone and others in buffer zones based on a modeling approach. Parameters monitored included suspended particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. High volume air samplers were used to collect particulate matter on filters and impingers to collect gaseous pollutants. Monitoring was carried out over four seasons to determine baseline ambient air quality and quantify the impact of mining activities on air quality in the study area.

1. s e l e c t i o n O F A Q H S
03.05
AIR Q U A L I T Y
0 3 . 0 5 . 0 1
G e n e r a l
To quantify the impact of the future mining a n d allied activities on the a m b i e n t air
quality a n d to reduce the impact due to present activities, it was necessary at first. to
m e a s u r e the existing ambient air quality in the study area I lie b a c k g r o u n d n m b i o n l m
quality ( A A Q ) in respect of s u s p e n d e d particulate matter (SPM), sulphur dioxide (SO:-?),
o x i d e s o f N i t r o g e n ( N O x ) , c a r b o n m o n o x i d e (CO) and dustfall has been d e t e r m i n e d
quantitatively through a planned field monitoring.
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M o n i t o r i n g Stations
To d e t e r m i n e the ambient air quality m o n i t o r i n g stations were set up at s e v e n location-;
(one station at O M C C O B plant w a s shifted to village Patna in 2 n d s e a s o n ) Out of the s e v e n
locations o n e station was set up in the core zone. The details pertaining to their l o c a t i o n s nr«
given in T a b l e No. 03.04. T h e A A Q station locations are s h o w n in D r a w i n g No M E C / 1 I / S 2
7 4 4 3 / 1 5 .
W h i l e deciding the locations of the A A Q m o n i t o r i n g stations views of the D e p a r t m - ' n '
of E n v i r o n m e n t ( D O E n ) , Ministry of E n v i r o n m e n t a n d Forests, were c o n s i d e r e d
F o l l o w i n g points were also c o n s i d e r e d , while fixing ttie n u m b e r a n d location ol A A Q
m o n i t o r i n g stations.
• As a result of mining, a m b i e n t air quality is affected mostly due to plying of d u m p e r s
a n d also due to other o p e r a t i o n s like drilling, blasting and o v e r b u r d e n d u m p i n g
• A m b i e n t air quality is e x p e c t e d to be a f f e c t e d in an area in a n d a r o u n d the m i n e s
K e e p i n g this in view, it w a s d e c i d e d to monitor mainly the c o r e and n e a r b y b u f t e r
z o n e s .
W h i l e fixing the n u m b e r of AAQ m o n i t o r i n g stations, the m o d e l of U n i t e d States
E n v i r o n m e n t a l Protection A g e n c y ( U S E P A , 1975b) was utilised The m o d e l !•;
p r e s e n t e d in T a b l e No. 03.05. T h e m o d e l s u g g e s t s that m i n i m u m n u m b e r of AAO
stations s h o u l d be four. H o w e v e r , as m e n t i o n e d earlier, m o r e stations w e r e set u;
• A m o d e l s u g g e s t e d by H o u g h l a n d a n d S t e p h e n s . (Ref. "The D e s i g n of Air Q u a l i t .
m o n i t o r i n g Network," R E. M u n n , 1981) has been utilised to lix up the l o c a t i o n o
m o n i t o r i n g stations. This m o d e l s u g g e s t s setting up of m o n i t o r i n g stations at thos
lo cat ions w h e r e the probability of o c c u r r e n c e of m a x i m u m g r o u n d level co ncentr a ti - >••
( G L C ) is high. The probability factor was f o u n d by d e t e r m i n i n g the c o v e r a g e l a c k
MiSHIlAL MINES PV T LTD
().i-()(>

2. (A|k)" for residential l o c a t i o n s a r o u n d the mines w h i c h are liablo to bo n l f o c t o d t>y th«
pollutants. C o v e r a g e f a c t o r s "A 'for all the potential locations w e r e c a l c u l a t e d by th«
following f o r m u l a :
F R E Q ( k )
= ( 1 + ^ )
W h e r e
C o v e r a g e f a c t o r of the m o n i t o r i n g site in the k,h d o w n w i n d sector
f r o m s o u r c e .
F R E Q ( k ) = F r e q u e n c y of w i n d direction in the kth sector
D. = D i s t a n c e f r o m the site to the s o u r c e .
S E L E C T E D A A Q MONITORING STATIONS
Table. 03.04
SL.
No.
Name of station Distance/Direction
(from quarry)
' C o v e r a g e Factor
A = F R E Q ( k ) /
d ' + D,)
Station
status.
1. Roof of Saruabil Mine
Office (A,)
1 50 m from nearest
source/NE
7 21 Core zone
2. Kaliapani Central Township
Roof of Qr. No. 0 - 1 4 (A2)
4.25 Km/W 1 58 Buffer zone
(Met stn )
3. COB Plant of OMC. roof
top of COB plant weigh
bridge. (A,,)
(24 samples in 1 st
season & 9 samples
in 2nd season)
2.25Km/WSW 2.55 Buffer zone
4. Village Patna,erected
platform near school (A3 J )
(15 samples in 2nd
season and 24 samples
each in 3rd & 4th seasons).
5.5 Km/WNW 1.07 Buffer zone
(control stn )
5. Kamarda Residential
township (AJ
0.75Km/ENE 5.14 Buffer zone
6. Sukurangi Camp (A5) 1.0 Km/SW 4.15 Buffer zone
7. Village Kansa, roof
top of forest guard's
quarter. (A()
3.75Km/ENE 1.89 Buffer zone
As per H o u g h l a n d and S t e p h e n model for fixing the location of Air quality momtonms
stations (Ref: The design of air quality monitoring network; R . E . M u n n , 1981)
Basic -.vmdrose at S u k u r a n g i village was used for calculation of c o v e r a g e factor Win-ir-_-
of Sukurangi village was supplied by Direcorate of Mining and G e o l o g y : Govt of Oris-; •)
MISF1ILAL MINES PVT. LTD
03-07

3. T a b l e 03.05
R E G U L A T O R Y MINIMUM N U M B E R OF M O N I T O R I N G SITES ( E P A , 1975b)
Classifica-
tion of
region
Pollutant Region population Minimum number
of air quality
monitoring sites
I Suspended
particulates
hi-vol
Less than 100000
100000-1000000
1000000-5000000
4
4 + 0 6 per 100000 population
7.5+0.25 per 100000 population
Tape sampler Above 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 12*0.16 per I 0 0 0 0 0 population
One per 250000 population upto
eight sites
Sulphur
dioxide
bubbler
Continuous
Less than 100000
100000-1000000
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Above 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Less than 100000
100000-5000000
Above 5000000
3
2.5 + 0.5 per 100000 population
6+0.15 per 100000 population
6+0.05 per 100000 population
1
1+0.15 per 100000 population
6 t-0.05 per 100000 population
Carbon
monoxide
Less than 100000
100000-5000000
Above 5000000
1
1+0.15 per 100000 population
6+0 05 per 100000 population
Photochemical
oxidants
Lass than 100000
100000-5000000
Above 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
1+0.15 per 100000 population
6+0.05 per 100000 population
Nitrogen
dioxide
continuous
bubbler
Less than 100000
100000-1000000
Above 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
3
4 + 0.6 per 100000 population
10
II Suspended
particulates
3 hi-vols
1 tape samplor
Sulphur
dioxide
3 bubbler
1 continuous
III Suspended
particulates
Sulphur dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
1 hi-vol
1 bubbler
2 bubblers
— MISRILAL MINES PVT. LTD
03-08
V .

4. For each s t a t i o n ' A w a s calculnlod. Tho stnlions w h i c h qnvn higlmr ' A ( ' v a l u n s w.>m'
t a k e n as m o n i t o r i n g stations. The a v e r a g e w i n d r o s o d i a g r a m at S u k u r a n g i , at a
d i s t a n c e of about 1.0 km, from the m i n e s in SW d i r e c t i o n was u s e d for c a l c u l a t i o n ol
F R E Q ( k ) . T h e basic w i n d rose d i a g r a m (at S u k u r a n g i village) w a s p r o v i d e d by tho
D i r e c t o r a t e of M i n i n g and Geology, Govt, of O r i s s a C o v e r a g e factor A ' for the
- - stations h a v e b e e n given in T a b l e No. 03.04. Out of the potential m o n i t o r i n g stations
buffer z o n e l o c a t i o n s h a v i n g c o m p a r a t i v e l y higher co v e r a go factor (1 58 to / ? t)
s e l e c t e d as m o n i t o r i n g stations. The control station w a s set up in village Patna (A )
at a long d i s t a n c o (5.5 km) from project in a dirootion w h o m w i n d Ir«»i)«ii»nr-.if>nn- I" .
Also, in the S u m m e r s e a s o n when the w i n d s p e e d is h i g h in this r e g i o n this station (A )
c o u l d give an idea w e a t h e r the pollutants are d i s p e r s e d to s u c h long distances. D u e to
p r e s e n c e of two s t a t i o n s in W - S W - W S W sector at v a r i o u s d i s t a n c e s (As at 1.0 km a n d
A? at 4.25 k m ) the third station A3 t w a s shifted to village Patna (A3 2 ) in the s e c o n d
s e a s o n to s e r v e as c o n t r o l station.
• D u e to the hills on the N o r t h e r n and S o u t h e r n part of the lease area w i n d frequencies
f r o m / t o w a r d s t h e s e directions are less and also there is no h u m a n habitation over
t h e s e r e g i o n s . K e e p i n g this in view, no AAQ m o n i t o r i n g station w a s set up on Northern
a n d S o u t h e r n hilly terrain.
0 3 . 0 5 . 0 3
M o n i t o r i n g s c h e d u l e
As m e n t i o n e d earlier in Chapter 01 m o n i t o r i n g w a s c a r r i e d out in Winter ( 2 1 0 1 . 9 0 to
3 0 . 0 3 . 9 0 ) , S u m m e r ( 1 0 . 5 . 9 0 to 10.07.90), M o n s o o n ( 2 3 . 0 7 . 9 0 to 2 2 . 0 9 90) a n d Post
m o n s o o n ( 2 4 . 1 0 . 9 0 to 2 2 . 1 2 . 9 0 ) s e a s o n s . In e a c h s e a s o n at e a c h station m o n i t o r i n g w a s
p l a n n e d to be d o n e for o n e m o n t h (4 w e e k s ) , twice a w e e k , tor 24 h o u r s . 3 eight hourly
s a m p l e s w e r e t a k e n . B e t w e e n two m o n i t o r i n g m o n t h s a gap o f - 1 - 2 m o n t h s w a s p l a n n e d
E n v i r o n m e n t a l M o n i t o r i n g data of 1994 is e n c l o s e d as a d d e n d u m report in v o l u m e - l l of this
report.
0 3 . 0 5 . 0 4
S a m p l i n g and A n a l y s i s p r o c e d u r e
A A Q m o n i t o r i n g w a s done using high v o l u m e air s a m p l e r s . S P M was c o l l e c t e d on glass
micro fibre filter p a p e r s . G a s e o u s pollutants ( S O j . N O J w e r e c o l l e c t e d by irnpinger b u b b l i n g
m e t h o d a n d a n a l y s e d colorimetrically a s per s t a n d a r d m e t h o d s . C O was m o n i t o r e d u s i n g
MSA detector tubes.
0 3 . 0 5 . 0 5
R e s u l t s a n d D i s c u s s i o n s
From the m o n i t o r e d data the s u m m a r i s e d A A Q results for the s e v e n locations are
p r e s e n t e d and given in T a b l e No. 03.06. G r a p h i c a l p r e s e n t a t i o n of the S P M v a l u e s ( M a * .
Min. and Avg) h a v e b e e n s h o w n in Fig. 03.05.
C o m p a r i s o n of the c o n c e n t r a t i o n values ol SPM. SO . N O a n d CO with the ind'istr i il
and ~ t e d use s t a n d a r d s laid d o w n by Central Pollution C o n t r o l R. , u d ( C I ' C B i .!•,.>.•. . >h.it
a' all 'he stations, in all the s e a s o n s (1 0 0 % times) the SPM. SO.. N(. and CO i. mom m m - n
.a ues are well within the p r e s c r i b e d upper limits laid d o w n by C P O B
V — MISHILAL MINES PV f L I U -
03-09