Istanbul is a transcontinental city located in both Europe and Asia with a population of over 14 million people. It has a long history dating back thousands of years and served as the capital of the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman Empires. Today, Istanbul is Turkey's economic center and has a diverse economy focused on trade, transportation, tourism, and services. The city government has developed a spatial plan to address issues like transportation problems, environmental degradation, and imbalanced development between the European and Asian sides of the city.

1. SPATIAL ECONOMY IN EUROPE
İSTANBUL
DUDU DEMİRALAY
GÜLNUR YAĞICI

2. CONTENT
About İstanbul
Climate
History
Economy
Vision and Mission
Spatial Planning
SWOT Analysis
Tourism, Transportation, Trade and Services
Environmental and Regional Issues and Solutions
Conclusion
Sources
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4. ABOUT
 Istanbul is a transcontinental city in Eurasia, straddling the Bosphorus strait (which separates Europe
and Asia).
It is located in the Marmara Region of Turkey.
 is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic center.
It has a population of 14.8 million.
There are 39 counties.
Area: 5.461 km2 (2.108.5 mi2)
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6. CLIMATE
The climate of Istanbul
is moderate.
Summer in Istanbul is
hot and humid; winters
are cold, rainy and
sometimes snowy.
The city is quite windy.
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7. HISTORY
Istanbul is a world city located at the intersection of European and Asian continents extending
from the last settlement date of Yenikapı to 8500 years in the direction of the harbor,
approximately 3,000 in urban history and 1600 years in capital history.
The city has been home to different civilizations and cultures throughout the ages and has
been a unique mosaic in the historical process, preserving the cosmopolitan and metropolitan
structure where various religions, languages ​​and racial people lived together for centuries.
Throughout history every area has managed to stay centered.
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9. ECONOMY
It has become a center of economic life in Turkey due to its strategic location and being a
junction of land and sea trade routes.
The city is also the largest industrial center. It covers 20% of industrial employment in Turkey. It
has about 38% industrial area.
The Brookings Institution and JP Morgan, based on the year 2014, took the 3rd place in
Istanbul 300 cities in the ranking of rising cities in the economy.
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10. VISION AND MISSION of MUNICIPALITY
VISION
The local government of the city, which
produces global value for urbanism and
civilization, facilitates life with sustainable and
innovative solutions.
MISSION
To provide services that meet unmet needs in
accordance with the understanding of 21st
Century local government, to perfect the
municipal services with an institutional
understanding while keeping the cultural
identity of the city
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11. PRINCIPLES of MUNICIPALITY
Transparency
Justice
Productivity
ConfidenceLeadership
Participation
Quality
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12. SPATIAL PLANNING
There is MASTER PLAN aimed to;
Acquiring the rightful place
among the metropolises at
global level
Converging and developing
a healthy and sustainable
structure of the city
To be more competitive in
international: markets by
reducing the production,
service and transport costs
of Istanbul and catching fast
access and communications
Ecosystems. conservation of
biodiversity, ground and
underground natural
resources and soil, water
and air quality
Elimination of the
imbalances between
eastern and western sides
of Istanbul
transform the single-
centered structure of
Istanbul into a multi-
centered structure.
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13. MASTER PLAN
include;
Construction of a third Istanbul airport
Comprehensive upgrade of Istanbul’s city transport led by new, extended and enhanced Metro network,
three new Bosphorus crossings, and extensive augmentation of heavy rail, motorway, metrobus and tram
services
Target growth of Turkey’s GDP to $2 trillion and becoming a world top-10 economy by 2023
Housing and community development with TOKI, state agency responsible for Istanbul 2020 construction,
delivering 60,000 new houses nationwide every year
Redevelopment of the iconic Haydarpaşa port – returning the shores of the Bosphorus back to the people of
Istanbul
$500 million annual investment in sports participation and development programmes, supplemented by an
additional $2.5 billion investment to build 693 new community sports facilities and 25 stadia
Establishment or restoration of green areas, with forest areas increased up to 23.3 million hectares (30% of
Turkey’s land mass), National Parks increased to 50 million hectares and Natural Parks increased to 55 million
hectares by 2023
Public transport in Istanbul made 100% accessible by 2015.

14. SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths
Istanbul is a coastal city.
has various life activities.
The commercial life is alive.
With the technologies being used in the industry increase of productivity and the increase of industrial
and labor force profile change over time.
İstanbul has places that carry cultural tourism potential.
An open and constantly growing domestic market.
Sea route originating from Istanbul's geographical location transportation possibilities.
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15. Weaknesses
Shore access is difficult in coastal city of Istanbul.
Investments in new technologies and processes are not sufficient level.
Industry that wants to be close to industrial areas unqualified and
unqualified unplanned residential areas and reduced environment and
quality of life.
The service sector is balanced in both not being distributed.
Existing technology infrastructure is not enough.
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16. Opportunities
The presence of international and national NGOs such as Greenpeace.
Istanbul's strategic position and resources the city as a financial and service center in
the global system make it easier to get involved.
The most important capital investments of the country stacked.
Turkish citizens living abroad there is an opportunity to promote and increase the
number of tourists.
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17. Threads
Destruction of forest areas.
Failure to make timely structural reforms in the economic arena, political crises and the
fragility of the economy.
Lack of industrial participation at national and international level.
The negativities created by the industry in the environment adversely affect service
development.
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18. TOURISM
It is one of the most popular tourist
centers in Istanbul due to its history,
monuments and artifacts and the fact
that it owns the Bosphorus. It is
possible to encounter historical
monuments dating from various
periods of history in almost every
region of Istanbul, which is home to
various human groups for many years.
Among the thousands of historical
works listed on the inventories are city
walls, palaces, castles, glass, churches,
synagogues, fountains and mansions.
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22. PROBLEMS About TOURISM
allocate limited resources to infrastructure investments.
financing of projects and inadequacy of resources.
Istanbul's advertising and promotional strategies are enough to attract tourists the lack.
Compared to similar cities, the average of tourists coming to Istanbul low residence times.
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23. TRANSPORTATION
There are wide public and private transportation facilities in Istanbul. There are bus and metro
lines, trams, ferryboats and minibus / minibus options. There is also transportation from under
the sea (MARMARAY)
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24. MARMARAY

25. PROBLEMS About TRANSPORTATION
There are many units in transportation management in Istanbul; complexity of authority and fragment
cause projects to be produced.
Between planning and investment disconnection, failure to produce stable policies and sufficient number
of specialist personnel Lack; transportation plans, at a level that will answer the city's problems
development.
Service qualities and capacities of existing public transport systems It is not sufficient to carry the load in
Istanbul.
Office-residential-transfer point distances increase in the rate of private vehicle usage in Istanbul cause.
This causes intensive traffic.
Parking inadequacy
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26. TRADE and
SERVICES
Istanbul's strategic position,
proximity to European, Asian and
Middle Eastern markets and
ownership resources are located
as a financial and service center in
the city's global system.
The most important capital
investments of the country are
stacked in Istanbul and finance
and banking, advertising, etc.
Some sectors are increasingly
important.
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28. PROBLEMS About TRADE and SERVICES
Service the share of the sector in employment (59%) is higher than the developed world metropolises
(80%) It is behind.
Current economic structure the development of the economy as an important focus, competition at the
regional and global level to be able to do so.
Service sector employment in Istanbul imbalances in spatial distribution lead to an increase in urban
costs It is.
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29. ENVIRONMENTAL and REGIONAL ISSUES
Air, water and soil pollution
Urbanization problems
High level of risk because of earthquake
Its natural and cultural values are under threat because of rapid
urbanization.
Lack of infrastructure
Transportation and parking problems
Image and noise pollution caused by distorted urbanization and
insecurity
Traffic jam
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30. SOLUTIONS
Natural gas usage.
Filtering industrial chests.
Incentives for public transportation.
Treatment plants should be established.
Good quality fuels should be used
A better city planning
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31. CONCLUSION
It is the most populous city in the country in terms of
economic, historical and socio-cultural aspects.
It has a lot of natural beauties.
It has most important historical places.
It is Hollywood of Turkey.
It has big importance geographically.
It is an attractive place for investors.
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33. SOURCES
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul
http://www.planlama.org/new/images/stories/Dokuman/istanbul_cdp/4_swot_analizi.pdf
http://www.cografya.gen.tr/tr/istanbul/ekonomi.html
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