Alvin Ibarra, Senior Scientist at DuPont Nutrition & Health presents his study on: "Polydextrose acutely reduces hunger, affects glucose metabolism, and increases GLP-1 in healthy normal-weight and overweight females".

1. Polydextrose acutely reduces hunger, affects
glucose metabolism, and increases GLP-1 in
healthy normal-weight and overweight females
Alvin Ibarra1,*, Kaisa Olli1, Wilrike Pasman2, Henk Hendriks3, Esa Alhoniemi4, Ghulam Shere Raza5,
Karl-Heinz Herzig5, and Kirsti Tiihonen1
1 DuPont Nutrition and Health, Finland, 2 TNO, The Netherlands, 3 Hendriks Nutrition Support for
Business, The Netherlands, 4 Avoltus Oy, Finland, 5 University of Oulu, Finland

2. 2
Conflicts of interest
The study was fully sponsored by DuPont Nutrition and Health
AI, KO, and KT were employees of DuPont during the study
EA was paid by DuPont to analyze the data
TNO coordinated the study and analyzed the blood samples
WP and HH were employees of TNO during the study
The intervention was carried out at QPS, The Netherlands
The University of Oulu analyzed the breath test samples
GSR and KHH were employees of the University of Oulu during the
study

3. 3
Background
EILunch – Total (%) = -0.67 x PDX(g/day)
R2= 0.80
P < 0.01
PDX reduces the Energy
Intake in a subsequent
meal
This effect is dose
dependent
Less EI with PDX
Ibarra A, Astbury NM, Olli K, Alhoniemi E, Tiihonen K. Effects of Polydextrose on Different Levels of Energy Intake: A Systematic Review
and Meta-Analysis. Appetite. 2015 Apr 1;87C:30-37.
However, it is unclear if this effect also occurs when PDX is given at breakfast time
Furthermore, for ecological validity, it is desirable to study a female population, including those
at risk for obesity

4. 4
Participants:
32 normal-weight (50%) and overweight (50%) females
Design
Study:
Acute, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover (ratio, 1:1:1:1)
Dose:
12.5 g of Polydextrose (Litesse Ultra®, DuPont) at breakfast (B) or midmorning (M)
400 mL Low-Fat Yogurt (800 kJ)
Treatments:
PDX-B: Verum (12.5 g of PDX) at breakfast (t=0 min)
CON-B: Placebo at breakfast (t=0 min)
PDX-M: Verum (12.5 g of PDX) at midmorning (t=150 min)
CON-M: Placebo at midmorning (t=150 min)

5. 5
0 15 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240Standardized
breakfast
Ad libitum
lunch
Treatment
Peptides: CCK, PYY, GLP1, Ghrelin
Glycemia: Glucose and insulin
VAS
Breath test
0 15 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
Treatment
VAS
Energy intake
Standardized
breakfast
Ad libitum
lunch
Energy intake
45
45
75
75
105
105 165
165
Parameters
Breakfast
PDX-B
CON-B
Midmorning
PDX-M
CON-M
Safety, Concomitant Medications, Adverse Events, and Ancillary parameters (Wellbeing and
Mood) were also controlled
Time (min)
Time (min)

6. 6
Energy Intakes
800 800
800 800
2694 2537
5354 5543
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Placebo Polydextrose
Breakfast Yogurt Lunch Rest of the day
800 800
800 800
2317 2335
5334 5517
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Placebo Polydextrose
Breakfast Yogurt Lunch Rest of the day
Treatment: Breakfast Treatment: Midmorning
kJ
kJThere were no differences in energy intakes at subsequent meals
The administration of the yogurt at breakfast (0 min) or at midmorning (150 min) has not
significant effect on the amount on the energy intake at subsequent meal (240 min) or the rest
of the day

7. 7
Visual Analogue Scales
Subjective
Feelings of
Appetite
PDX-B
Mean (SD)
CON-B
Mean (SD)
P
PDX-M
Mean (SD)
CON-M
Mean (SD)
P
Satiation (mm x min)
Hunger -836 (428) -786 (371) 0.49 -357 (169) -280 (167) 0.02
Fullness 991 (449) 1034 (445) 0.63 327 (208) 308 (156) 0.52
Desire to Eat -859 (425) -846 (426) 0.86 -301 (178) -261 (193) 0.15
Prospective
Food
Consumption
-712 (383) -689 (324) 0.67 -270 (152) -232 (186) 0.15
Satiety (mm x min)
Hunger 4899 (3424) 4135 (2963) 0.28 963 (1232) 593 (987) 0.18
Fullness -6010 (3671) -5048 (4088) 0.25 -735 (1264) -1077 (1118) 0.16
Desire to Eat 4922 (2892) 4774 (3409) 0.82 804 (1103) 816 (981) 0.92
Prospective
Food
Consumption
4451 (2783) 4474 (3032) 0.97 812 (913) 757 (795) 0.69
Treatment: Midmorning
*
PDX (12.5 g) given with preload significantly reduces hunger during the satiation period
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 30 60 90
HungerAdjusted(mm)
Time (min)
Placebo
Polydextrose
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Placebo Polydextrose
HungeriAUC(mmxmin)
Satiety
-1400
-1200
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
Placebo Polydextrose
HungeriAUC(mmxmin) Satiation
Ibarra A, Astbury NM, Olli K, Alhoniemi E, Tiihonen K. Effect of Polydextrose on Subjective Feelings of Appetite during the Satiation and
Satiety Periods. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2016;8(1):45.

8. 8
Appetite Hormones
Treatment: Breakfast
-0,5
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
-10 30 70 110 150 190 230
CCK(pmol/L)
Time (min)
Placebo
Polydextrose
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
-10 30 70 110 150 190 230
Ghrelin(pg/mL)
Time (min)
Placebo
Polydextrose
0
1
2
3
4
-10 30 70 110 150 190 230
GLP1(pM)
Time (min)
Placebo
Polydextrose
-5
0
5
10
15
-10 30 70 110 150 190 230
PYY(pg/mL)
Time (min)
Placebo
Polydextrose
PDX (12.5 g) given with breakfast significantly increases GLP-1

9. 9
Glucose and Insulin
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
-10 30 60 90 150 240
Glucose(mmol/L)
Time (min)
Placebo
Polydextrose
-20
0
20
40
60
80
Time (min)
-10 30 60 90 150 240
Insulin(mU/L)
Placebo
Polydextrose
Treatment: Breakfast
PDX (12.5 g) given with breakfast increases blood glucose in the post-absorptive phase while
significantly lowers blood insulin (Poster Abstract PE4)

10. 10
Gastric Emptying
40
60
80
100
-10 20 50 80 110 140 170 200 230
GastricContent(%)
Time (min)
Placebo
Polydextrose
Treatment: Breakfast
There were no differences in gastric emptying

11. 11
Conclusions
This is the first study on appetite exclusively in females using polydextrose (PDX)
The study assesses the effects of PDX given with breakfast or midmorning preload
PDX (12.5 g) given with preload significantly reduces hunger during the satiation period
PDX (12.5 g) given with breakfast significantly increases GLP-1
PDX (12.5 g) given with breakfast increases blood glucose in the post-absorptive phase
while significantly lowers blood insulin (Poster Abstract PE4)
We did not observe differences in gastric emptying rates

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