young bone , blood supply , types of epiphysis, parts of young bone, traction epiphysis, atavastic epiphysis, aberant epiphysis, pressure epiphysis, diaphysis, metaphysis, part of long bone, internal structure of shaft, periosteum, cortex of bone, medullary cavity, epiphysial artery, metaphysial artery, periosteal artery, nutrient artery, arterial supply of short boneperi

1. BONE STRUCTURE &
BLOOD SUPPLY
By. DR SANA YASEEN
ANATOMY DEPARTMENT
KIMS

2. PARTS OF A YOUNG BONE
 COMPONENTS
 EPIPHYSIS
 DIAPHYSIS
 METAPHYSIS
 EPIPHYSIAL PLATE OF
CARTILAGE

3. EPIPHYSIS:
 the ends and tips of a bone which
ossify from secondary centres are called
epiphysis

4. TYPES OF EPIPHYSIS
PRESSURE EPIPHYSIS:
 articular ,transmits weight e.g head of femur ,lower end of radius .
TRACTION EPIPHYSIS :
 nonarticular , does not take part in transmission of the weight
provides attachment to the tendons
e.g trochanters of femur and tubercles of humerus
ATAVISTIC EPIPHYSIS
 Independent bone which in man becomes fused to another bone
e.g coracoid process of scapula and os trigonum
ABERRANT EPIPHYSIS
 Epiphysis at the head of first metacarpal and at the base of other
metacarpal bones

5. TYPES OF EPIPHYSIS

6. DIAPHYSIS : it is the elongated shaft of a long
bone which ossifies from a primary center.
METAPHYSIS: it is the epiphsial ends of a
diaphysis.
 It is the zone of active growth
 Before epiphysial fusion the metaphysis is richly
supplied with blood through end arteries
 After epiphysial fusion vascular communication
are established between metaphysial and
epiphysial arteries.

7. EPIPHYSIAL PLATE OF CARTILAGE
 Separates epiphysis from metaphysis
 Proliferation of cells in this cartilaginous plate is
responsible for length wise growth of a long
bone
 After the epiphysial fusion the bone can no longer
grow in length
 The growth cartilage is nourished by both the
epiphysial and metaphysial arteries.

8. PARTS OF LONG BONE
 SHAFT
(DIAPHYSIS)
 2 ENDS
(EPIPHYSIS)

9. PARTS OF
A BONE

10. Is composed of
 periosteum ,
 cortex ,
 medullary cavity
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF SHAFT

11. PERIOSTEUM :
 thick fibrous membrane covering the surface of the
bone .made up of an outer fibrous layer and inner
cellular layer which is osteogenic in nature
 Periosteum is united to the under lying bone in
sharpey’s fibers.
 It has rich nerve supply which makes it the most
sensitive part of the bone.
CORTEX :
 made up of compact bone which gives it the desired
strength
MEDULLARY CAVITY:
 its the central cavity of bone filled with bone marrow.

14. STRUCTURE OF LONG BONE

15.  EPIPHYSIS:
The two ends of a
long bone are
made up of
cancellous bone
covered with
hyaline cartilage

16. BLOOD SUPPLY OF BONES

17. NUTRIENT ARTERY
 it enters the shaft through the cortex and
divides into ascending and descending branches
in the medullary cavity
 Each branch sub divides into no. of small parallel
vessels which enter the metaphysis and forms hair
pin loops.
 Anastomose with epiphysial , metaphysial and
periosteal arteries
 Supply inner 2/3rd of cortex and metaphysis
 Nutrient foramen is directed away from the growing
end of the bone

20. PERIOSTEAL ARTERIES:
 Found in periosteum
 Enters the bone through volkmann`s canal
 Supply the outer 1/3rd of cortex
EPIPHYSIAL ARTERIES:
 supply the ends of the bone and growth plates .
Any disturbance to the blood flow in them affects
the bone growth.
 Derived from periarticular vascular arcades
METAPHYSIAL ARTERIES:
 derived from the neighbouring systemic vessels
 Mainly those supplying the associated joints

22. ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF SHORT BONES
 Nutrient artery: enters the centre of cavity and
divides forming the plexus
 Periosteal artery: supply major part of adult bone
and replaces the nutrient vessels