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Dr. Khakare Vikas
Code of Civil Procedure 1908
Jurisdiction of civil courts
Dr. Khakare Vikas
Asso. Prof.
Narayanrao Chavan Law College, Nanded
Dr. Khakare Vikas
Jurisdiction
• It is power of Court to hear and determine a cause, to adjudicate and
exercise any judicial power in relation to it. It is official power to make
legal decisions and judgments.
• If a dispute is instituted before a Court without jurisdiction is liable to
be rejected. A decree or order passed by Court without jurisdiction is
void.
• Jurisdiction of Court is determined by legislature.
Dr. Khakare Vikas
Categories of jurisdiction
• i. Civil and criminal jurisdiction,
• ii. Original and appellate jurisdiction,
• iii. Jurisdiction over subject matter,
• iv. Local or territorial jurisdiction, and
• v. Pecuniary jurisdiction.
Dr. Khakare Vikas
i. Civil and criminal jurisdiction
• In civil jurisdiction Court is empowered to entertain disputes of civil in
nature.
• Criminal jurisdiction related to with crimes and punishment of
offenders.
Dr. Khakare Vikas
ii. Original and appellate jurisdiction
• Court with original jurisdiction can conduct trial of cases. Such Courts
are Court of first instance. It entertains and decides original suits.
• Courts with appellate jurisdiction can entertain appeals from the
orders and judgments from lower Court.
Dr. Khakare Vikas
iii. Jurisdiction over subject matter
• The Court may have jurisdiction over certain subject matter of dispute.
• Subject matter may be civil disputes, consumer dispute, co-operative
society's dispute, industrial dispute, family dispute etc.
Dr. Khakare Vikas
iv. Local or territorial jurisdiction
• Civil Court of different grades can entertain suits for different
geographical area.
• A Court can entertain disputes occurred in their local or territorial
jurisdiction. Local jurisdiction is fixed or altered by the State.
• A District Court has jurisdiction over the District, a High Court has
jurisdiction over the State. Similarly other Courts have their local
jurisdiction.
Dr. Khakare Vikas
v. Pecuniary jurisdiction.
• Civil Courts of different grades have jurisdiction to try suits and hear
appeal of different pecuniary value.
• Every suit or appeal has pecuniary value and according to which suit
is to be filed before appropriate Court.
• A suit is valued on the basis of value of damages, compensation,
property involved, OR as per Court Fees Act.
• A Court cannot entertain suit exceeding its pecuniary
jurisdiction.[ Section 6.]
Dr. Khakare Vikas
Jurisdiction of civil court
• The Courts shall have jurisdiction to try all suits of civil nature
excepting suits of which their cognizance is either expressly or
impliedly barred. (sec. 9)
• Whether a suit is ‘of civil nature’ is the principal question in the suit
relates to the ‘determination of a civil right’.
• It means, the suit should be for enforcement of rights and obligation
of a person.[ Dulabhai v. S; AIR 1969 SC 78]
• A dispute about right to property, contract, worship, marriage,
election, damages for wrongful act, specific relief are considered as
civil nature.
Dr. Khakare Vikas
When court shall have no jurisdiction
• A civil Court shall have no jurisdiction when suit is either:
• i.Expressly barred or
• ii.Impliedly barred.
Dr. Khakare Vikas
i.Suit expressly barred
• When any statute contains provision which bars jurisdiction to civil
Court or provides for exclusive jurisdiction to specific Court; then civil
Court do not have jurisdiction over disputes covered by such statute.
Such exclusion must be clear and unambiguous.
Dr. Khakare Vikas
ii.Suit impliedly barred.
• Jurisdiction to civil Court is impliedly barred in two situations:
• i.Barred by general principles of law and
• ii.Barred on grounds of public policy.
Dr. Khakare Vikas
Objection to jurisdiction
• If a suit is instituted in a Court not having jurisdiction, is liable to be
rejected.
• Court can reject suit even if such objection/defence is not raised by
the opponent.
• The defence of ‘want of jurisdiction’ can be raised before Court of
first instance or in appeal also.
• If defendant take objection to jurisdiction of the court, then such
court has to frame preliminary issue as to jurisdiction and record its
finding.
Dr. Khakare Vikas
Thank you.

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Jurisdiction of Civil Courts Explained in 40 Characters

  • 1. Dr. Khakare Vikas Code of Civil Procedure 1908 Jurisdiction of civil courts Dr. Khakare Vikas Asso. Prof. Narayanrao Chavan Law College, Nanded
  • 2. Dr. Khakare Vikas Jurisdiction • It is power of Court to hear and determine a cause, to adjudicate and exercise any judicial power in relation to it. It is official power to make legal decisions and judgments. • If a dispute is instituted before a Court without jurisdiction is liable to be rejected. A decree or order passed by Court without jurisdiction is void. • Jurisdiction of Court is determined by legislature.
  • 3. Dr. Khakare Vikas Categories of jurisdiction • i. Civil and criminal jurisdiction, • ii. Original and appellate jurisdiction, • iii. Jurisdiction over subject matter, • iv. Local or territorial jurisdiction, and • v. Pecuniary jurisdiction.
  • 4. Dr. Khakare Vikas i. Civil and criminal jurisdiction • In civil jurisdiction Court is empowered to entertain disputes of civil in nature. • Criminal jurisdiction related to with crimes and punishment of offenders.
  • 5. Dr. Khakare Vikas ii. Original and appellate jurisdiction • Court with original jurisdiction can conduct trial of cases. Such Courts are Court of first instance. It entertains and decides original suits. • Courts with appellate jurisdiction can entertain appeals from the orders and judgments from lower Court.
  • 6. Dr. Khakare Vikas iii. Jurisdiction over subject matter • The Court may have jurisdiction over certain subject matter of dispute. • Subject matter may be civil disputes, consumer dispute, co-operative society's dispute, industrial dispute, family dispute etc.
  • 7. Dr. Khakare Vikas iv. Local or territorial jurisdiction • Civil Court of different grades can entertain suits for different geographical area. • A Court can entertain disputes occurred in their local or territorial jurisdiction. Local jurisdiction is fixed or altered by the State. • A District Court has jurisdiction over the District, a High Court has jurisdiction over the State. Similarly other Courts have their local jurisdiction.
  • 8. Dr. Khakare Vikas v. Pecuniary jurisdiction. • Civil Courts of different grades have jurisdiction to try suits and hear appeal of different pecuniary value. • Every suit or appeal has pecuniary value and according to which suit is to be filed before appropriate Court. • A suit is valued on the basis of value of damages, compensation, property involved, OR as per Court Fees Act. • A Court cannot entertain suit exceeding its pecuniary jurisdiction.[ Section 6.]
  • 9. Dr. Khakare Vikas Jurisdiction of civil court • The Courts shall have jurisdiction to try all suits of civil nature excepting suits of which their cognizance is either expressly or impliedly barred. (sec. 9) • Whether a suit is ‘of civil nature’ is the principal question in the suit relates to the ‘determination of a civil right’. • It means, the suit should be for enforcement of rights and obligation of a person.[ Dulabhai v. S; AIR 1969 SC 78] • A dispute about right to property, contract, worship, marriage, election, damages for wrongful act, specific relief are considered as civil nature.
  • 10. Dr. Khakare Vikas When court shall have no jurisdiction • A civil Court shall have no jurisdiction when suit is either: • i.Expressly barred or • ii.Impliedly barred.
  • 11. Dr. Khakare Vikas i.Suit expressly barred • When any statute contains provision which bars jurisdiction to civil Court or provides for exclusive jurisdiction to specific Court; then civil Court do not have jurisdiction over disputes covered by such statute. Such exclusion must be clear and unambiguous.
  • 12. Dr. Khakare Vikas ii.Suit impliedly barred. • Jurisdiction to civil Court is impliedly barred in two situations: • i.Barred by general principles of law and • ii.Barred on grounds of public policy.
  • 13. Dr. Khakare Vikas Objection to jurisdiction • If a suit is instituted in a Court not having jurisdiction, is liable to be rejected. • Court can reject suit even if such objection/defence is not raised by the opponent. • The defence of ‘want of jurisdiction’ can be raised before Court of first instance or in appeal also. • If defendant take objection to jurisdiction of the court, then such court has to frame preliminary issue as to jurisdiction and record its finding.