Plant propagation is the art & science of multiplying plants by sexual or asexual means and preserving their unique qualities Or the method of production of more than one plant from the mother plant or the tissue over a specific time period. Methods a. Sexual methods : Propagation by seeds b. Asexual methods /Vegetative Cuttings Layering Grafting Budding Tissue culture; micropropagation

1. TECHNOLOGY OF VEGETATIVE
PROPAGATION FOR INCREASING FRUIT
TREE PRODUCTIVITY

2. Speaker Introduction
✉ parshantskuastj@gmail.com
📞 +91 - 9419101601
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https://www.krishisandesh.com
 Dr. Parshant Bakshi, Professor & Head, Fruit Science
SKUAST-Jammu, J&K UT, India is having more than 20 years
of experience in research, teaching & extension activities. He
visited China and Thailand.
 Dr. Bakshi is having more than 120 publications in national
and international journals of repute.
 He has been adjudged for best poster and oral presentation at
various national and International platforms.
 He has guided 14 research students (08 M.Sc. and 06 Ph.D.)
as chairman and 34 as co-chairman and authored 8 books and
9 manuals.
 He handled 03 externally funded project as P.I. and 14 as Co-
P.I. He is the life member of 12 societies of Horticulture and is
the fellow of Hi-Tech Horticultural Society.
 He has RG score of 25.64; h-index 14.0 and planted 12,000+
fruit plants under Save Horticulture mission and awarded.
 The Walk and Talk video in Strawberry was awarded Best
Video by MANAGE, Director

3. Plant propagation
Plant propagation is the art & science of multiplying plants by sexual or asexual
means and preserving their unique qualities Or the method of production of more
than one plant from the mother plant or the tissue over a specific time period.
Methods
a. Sexual methods : Propagation by seeds
b. Asexual methods /Vegetative
 Cuttings
 Layering
 Grafting
 Budding
Tissue culture; micropropagation

4. • Reproduction of new plants from seeds and vegetative parts,
such as leaves, stems, or roots.
• Produce new and better varieties of plants faster.
• Can reproduce exact duplicates of desirable plants.
• Can increase quality of plants

5. “Propagation by seeds is the major method by which plants reproduce in
nature and one of the most efficient and widely used propagation methods for
cultivated crops.” - Hartmann and Kester
 Seeds are widely available, inexhave production benefits that offset the cost.
 Large scale agriculture (including vegetable) expensive, and easy to handle.
 Hybrid seeds are more expensive, but many crop is dependent upon seed
propagation.
 Seeds (especially seeds of woody plants) may have complex dormancies that
impede germination.

6. • Reproduction of new plants from existing stem, leaf or root of parent plant
• No seed is formed.
• Produces an exact duplicate of the mother plant called a clone.
• Can produce new plants from plants that are difficult to produce from seed
Types of asexual propagation
• Cuttings
• Layering
• Budding
• Grafting
• Separation and division
• Tissue culture

7. • STEM CUTTING
- HARDWOOD CUTTING
e.g: Grape, Fig, Pomegranate, Mulberry, Kiwifruit, Olive, Quince, Hazelnut,
Chestnut, Plum, Gooseberry and Apple.
- SEMI HARDWOOD CUTTING e.g: Mango, Guava, Jackfruit, Lemon.
- SOFTWOOD CUTTING e.g: Citrus.
• LEAF BUD CUTTING e.g: Blackberry, Lemon, Raspberry.
• ROOT CUTTING e.g: Blackberry, Fig, Cherry, Raspberry.
PROPAGATION BY CUTTING

8. Grape nursery plants raised by Hard wood cuttings

9. HARD WOOD CUTTINGS
SOFT WOOD CUTTINGS
BASAL CUTTINGS
IRISHMAN’S CUTTINGS
SEMI-HARD WOOD
CUTTINGS
BUD CUTTINGS
LEAF CUTTINGS
ROOT CUTTING
HEEL CUTTINGS

10. TYPES OF CUTTINGS
Stem
Hardwood : 4-8 inch with 2 nodes with basal cut just
below node. mature dormant wood, during dormant
season. E.g. apple, pear, plum, quince rootstock, fig,
grapes, pomegranate
Semi- hardwood : 3-6 inch, leaves are trimmed,
mature wood on current season growth, late spring to
summer. E.g. Olive, kiwifruit
Softwood : 3-5 inch, soft succulent growth from
woody spp., spring to early summer. Roots relatively
quickly(2-5 weeks)
Herbaceacous : 3-5 inch, fastest to root
Pieces from thin to fleshy roots; woody &
herbaceous, late winters or early spring before new
shoot growth, 1-2 inch.
Root
Leaf Leaf blade + petiole + short piece of stem with attached
axillary bud, growing season, 0.5- 1.0 inch. Each node
can be used as cutting. E.g. Blackberry, Raspberry.

11. LAYERING
SIMPLE LAYERING
MOUND
LAYERING
TRENCH
LAYERING
SERPENTINE LAYERING
AIR LAYERING

12. PROPAGATION BY LAYERING
• Simple Layering: e.g: Grape, Lemon.

14. STOOLING/ MOUND LAYERING
E.g: Apple rootstocks, Guava, Mango, Litchi

15. TIP LAYERING
E.g: Blackberry, Raspberry.

16. TONGUE GRAFTING CLEFT GRAFTING WEDGE GRAFTING
SIDE VENEER GRAFTING
INARCHING
GRAFTING

17. CLEFT GRAFTING
E.g: Avocado, Apple, Pear, Plum.

18. BARK GRAFTING

19. INARCHING
E.g: Mango, Sapota, Guava, Litchi

20. VENEER GRAFTING
E.g: Mango

21. EPICOTYL GRAFTING
E.g: Mango
1. Newly germinated rootstock seedling
2. Preparation of the scion
3. Preparation of the stock
4. Insertion of stock into scion
5. Tieing up of the scion and stock
6. Graft in a polythene bag
7. Grafted plant ready for planting

27. BUDDING
T BUDDING
CHIP BUDDING
PATCH BUDDING
RING BUDDING

29. SPECIAL
PROPAGATING
STRUCTURES
RUNNERS
SUCKERS
CROWN AND SLIPS
OFFSHOOTS

30. Advances in propagation methods in fruit crops
1. In-vitro grafting : a micrografting technique using tissue culture-driven
microscion and microrootstock under aseptic condition. Also known as shoot
tip grafting.
• In vitro grafting of the shoot apex to an in vitro- established rootstock plant
when roots do not readily form from the scion to be multiplied.
• The standard procedure of STG in citrus was described by Navarro et al.
(1975) and Navarro and Juárez (2007).
• It has been used as an alternative method for virus elimination in citrus, apple
and prunus sp.
Applications: Creation of disease-free plants by grafting small meristem tips
 Virus indexing by micrografting to susceptible understocks .
 Early detection of graft incompatibility relationships .
Propagation of novel plants created in tissue culture.
Serial micrografting mature scions on seedling stocks for rejuvenating scion.
 Recovery of poorly developed somatic embryos that lack a root meristem.

31. Culture in vitro grafted plants :
• Initiation of vascular differentiation was
observed 7 days after grafting, with a
complete vascular connection b/n the shoot
tip and the rootstock eleven days after
grafting (Li 1997).
• Growing small leaves from the shoot tip
coming out from the incision can be
observed about 3-4 weeks after grafting.
Transplanting to soil :
• Scions of successful grafts should have at
least two expanded leaves before being
transplanted to soil.
• This stage is usually reached 4-6 weeks after
grafting.
• Micro-grafted plants are transferred to pots
containing steam-sterilized artificial soil mix
suitable to grow citruds with over 95%
survival rate.

32. 6. Hydrocolloids are made up of _________________________
3. __________ and ___________ are known as Protective foods
4. __________ is used to increase the shelf life by decreasing moisture, respiration and
physiological disorder on fresh cut fruits.
5. ________________ is used for degreening of citrus
1. Fresh produce can be microbiologically contaminated throughout the supply chain from
______________, _____________, __________, and ___________
2. The quality of horticultural products can be improved by ______________ treatments.
7. Hot water treatment is used for ___________ .
8. Blue mold caused by ____________ spp. can be controlled by dipping fruit at 50 ºC for 2 minutes.
9. Sorbitol and Fructose are ___________ moisture absorbing material.
A quick Recap
Prof. PARSHANT BAKSHI, HEAD, FRUIT SCIENCE, SKUAST-Jammu, INDIA

33. 6. Hydrocolloids used for coating includes Polysaccharides, Protein, Alginate
3. Fruits and Vegetables are known as Protective foods
4. Coating is used to increase the shelf life by decreasing moisture, respiration and
physiological disorder on fresh cut fruits.
5. Ethylene gas is used for degreening of citrus
1. Fresh produce can be microbiologically contaminated throughout the supply chain from
Production, Processing, Transportation and Storage
2. The quality of horticultural products can be improved by Post Harvest treatments.
7. Hot water treatment is used for eradication of Parasites.
8. Blue mold caused by Penicillium spp. can be controlled by dipping fruit at 50 ºC for 2 minutes.
9. Sorbitol and Fructose are Organic moisture absorbing material.
A quick Recap
Prof. PARSHANT BAKSHI, HEAD, FRUIT SCIENCE, SKUAST-Jammu, INDIA

34. 6. Micro grafting is also Known as _________________________
3. STG in Citrus was described by _________________________
4. Pineapple is propagated by _________________________
5. Strawberry is commercially propagated by ________________________
1. Plant propagation is the art and science of multiplying plants by ___________________ means
and preserving their _____________ qualities
2. The plant produced by asexual method is known as ___________ of mother plant.
7. The length of hardwood cutting is ___________ .
8. The Epicotyl grafting is performed in ___________ .
9. Banana is propagated by ___________ .
A quick Recap
Prof. PARSHANT BAKSHI, HEAD, FRUIT SCIENCE, SKUAST-Jammu, INDIA

35. Call: +91-9419101601; + 91-7889621152
Email: parshantskuastj@gmail.com
Website: www.krishisandesh.com 35