The document summarizes the blood supply of the periodontium. It describes how the periodontium receives its blood supply from branches of the maxillary and mandibular arteries through the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. It discusses the vascular architecture including the dentogingival plexus and perforating branches that form a rich network through the compact bone. It also addresses clinical considerations regarding how the blood supply influences periodontal diseases and healing after periodontal procedures.

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Nidhi Pandey
JR 1
Dept of Periodontics

3.  Introduction
 Blood Supply Of Periodontium
 Clinical Considerations
 Conclusion
 References
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HAYASHI was the first to identify and describe
the complex architecture of the periodontal
blood supply.
JESENSKY studied the vascular supply of the
tooth during its development.

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Considering the fiber density of the periodontal
ligament,
its vascular supply is abundant.
Elsewhere in the mammalian body, dense fibrous
tissue
generally exhibits fewer vascular elements

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RIGHT COMMON CAROTID LEFT COMMON CAROTID
EXTERNAL CAROTID INTERNAL CAROTID
COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
RIGHT COMMON CAROTID LEFT COMMON CAROTID
EXTERNAL CAROTID
INTERNAL
CAROTID

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9. Inferior Alveolar Artery
Dental Artery
IntraSeptal Artery
Rami Perforantes
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10. JE: Junctional epithelium
OE: Oral epithelium
Dp: Dentogingival plexus
Sp: Subepithelial plexus
Sv: Supraperiosteal blood vessels
# Diameter 40 Um 10

11. SP: subepithelial plexus
# Capillary Loupes Diameter 7 um
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12. Dentogingival plexus
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13.  Anterior and superior alveolar artery
 Greater palatine artery
 Infra orbital artery
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14.  Inferior alveolar artery & its branches
a. buccal
b. facial
c. mental
d. Sublingual
 Branches Of maxillary artery
 Common carotid artery
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15. Greater Palatine Artery
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16. Branches of artery reaches to the gingiva from
three sites-
1. Interdental septa
2. The periodontal ligament
3. The oral mucosa
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17. Sublingual Artery
Mental Artery
Infra Orbital Artery
Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery
Greater Palatine Artery
Buccal Artery
Facial Artery
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18.  Blood supply to the vestibular gingiva is
mainly through Supraperiosteal vessels.
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20. Free Gingiva
Supraperioosteal
PDL
Alveloar Bone
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21. Dentogingival plexus
#Without capillary loupe
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22. Blood Vessles
From PDL Supplies
Free Gingiva
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23. 1. Branch of supraperiosteal vessels
2. Dental arteries from max. and mand.
Arteries
3. Branches of interdental septal arteries
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24.  Arterial vessels leaving the bone pass through
Volkmann’s canal in the alveolar plate on
entering the PDL.
 These arteries give rise to a capillary plexus near
to the root surface and a post capillary venous
plexus closer to bone surface before re-entering
the bone marrow via draining venules.
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25. T: Tooth
PL: Periodontal Ligament
# VO: Volkmann’s Canal
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In the centre of each osteon is a canal, Haversian Canal.
Each canal houses a capillary.
Adjacent havarsian canals are interconnected by Volkmann
canals, also containing blood vessels.
Create a rich vascular network through compact bone.

27. Perforating Channels
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Upper Arch
Posterior Quadrant
Lower Arch
Anterior Quadrant

28. Extravascular Circulation
Hydraulic Pressure
Osmotic Pressure
Gradient
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Inflammation begins with vasodialation
Increased circulation bring more blood
to the area.
Slowing of circulation with increase vascular permeability
cells leak in surrounding tissues destruction

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Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology - Vol 15, Issue 4, Oct-Dec 2011

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Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology - Vol 15, Issue 4, Oct-Dec 2011
Clark 1981, in smoking there is a vasoconstriction in
vessels of the gingival vasculature

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Consolaro A, Consolaro RB. Orthodontic movement does not induce
external cervical resorption (ECR). Dental Press J Orthod. 2011
Nov-Dec;16(6):22-7.

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Journal of Periodontal Research 18: 86-92, 1983

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40.  Healing after periodontal surgeries, in which the
periosteum is preserved, greately depends on
periosteum.
 VEGF binds to the receptors present on endothelial
cells
 Increased endothelial cells and synthesis of ECM
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41.  Regeneration of the periosteum and periosteal
vascular plexus is slow
 Indicating that the blood supply to the grafts on
denuded bone in the early post graft period would
mainly be provided by capillaries below the
epithelium surrounding the recipient.
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43. Lingual Artery
It was mentioned that severing an
artery 2 mm in diameter with a
probable blood flow of 0.2 ml per
beat (70 beats per minute) can
result in 420 ml blood loss in 30
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46.  Peri-implant tissue is hypovascular compared
to normal periodontium.
 It is because of the absence of PDL.
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47.  Number of gingival vessels increases.
 Number of differences among age groups in
tissue blood flow and RBC velocity.
 BP increases with age.
 PeripheralO2 saturation lowers in older
individuals.
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48.  It is important to know the blood supply of periodontium
before performing any periodontal surgical procedure, so
that the desired outcome is achieved.
 Also to have a knowledge about various factors influencing
the blood supply is important so as to establish a proper
diagnosis and treatment plan.
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49.  Gray’s Anatomy – 40th Edition.
 Textbook Of Human Anatomy By B.D.Chaurasia
 Carranza Clinical Periodontolgy 9th Edition
 Clinical Periodontology And Implant Dentistry-by
Jan Lindhe 5th Edition
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