Introduction Epidemiology Etioloy Clinical signs Diagnosis treatment Prevention and control etc

1. Botulism
Dr. Md. Mushtaq Wadud
DVM, MS (HSTU)

2. Introduction
• Botulism is a paralysing disease of animals,
birds and humans caused by a potent nerve
toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium
spp.
• Toxin is produced when the bacterium is in
the vegetative state and is either ingested in
the feed or is produced by the botulism
bacteria as it grows in the gut or in deep
wounds.

3. Epidemiology
• Clostridium botulinum pathogens occur
worldwide and are associated with soil,
decaying and rotting vegetative material or
cadavers.
• The bacteria produce one of several forms of
toxin, designated botulinum A to G.
• Almost all cases of botulism in cattle in Western
Australia and in the southern hemisphere in
general are due to botulinum types C and D.
• Type B toxin is more often observed in Europe
and northern America.

4. Etiology
• Botulism is caused by a
toxin produced by the
bacterium Clostridium
botulinum.
• Gram positive, spore
forming, saprophytic,
anaerobic rod

5. Transmission
• Ingestion
– Organism
– Spores
– Neurotoxin
• Wound contamination
• Inhalation

6. Clinical Findings
• Muscle paralysis and include progressive motor
paralysis
• Drooling
• Paralysis of the eye lids or drooping eyelids,
• Difficulty in chewing and swallowing,
• Generalized progressive weakness
• Death is usually due to respiratory or cardiac
paralysis.

7. Diagnosis in sick animals is based
mainly-
• History
• Clinical investigation findings
• Supported by laboratory diagnosis
Diagnosis

8. Treatment

9. Prevention and Control
• Prevention is done by vaccination. (bivalent
botulism vaccine).
• Properly storing animal feed, inspecting water
sources, removing died carrions from animal feed
store, avoiding poultry liter use in cattle feeding
area are important to prevent the rouse of the
diseases.
• Supplementary feeding of cattle with phosphorus
and protein and Removal of all carcasses and
bones.