Small description of the blood pressure

1. Blood Pressure
Dr. Manjunatha. P
manjup.jnnce@gmail.com
Professor
Dept. of ECE
J.N.N. College of Engineering, Shimoga
January 9, 2024

2. Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the amount of force the blood uses to get through
vessels.
There are three types of blood vessels:
1 Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart.
2 Veins: Carry blood back toward the heart.
3 Capillaries: the smallest blood vessels, connect arteries and veins. [1]
Figure 1: Blood Vessel [2]
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3. Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the measurement of the pressure of blood inside the
arteries.
The heart pumps the blood into arteries that carry the blood throughout
the body.
Blood pressure is measured in units of millimetres of mercury (mmHg)
Blood pressure readings are made up of two values:
Systolic blood pressure: is the pressure when the heart beats while the heart
muscle is contracting (squeezing) and pumping oxygen-rich blood into the blood
vessels.
Diastolic blood pressure: is the pressure on the blood vessels when the heart
muscle relaxes.
The readings are always given in pairs, with the upper is the systolic value,
followed by the lower diastolic value.
For example if the blood pressure is 120/75, it means the systolic pressure of 120
mmHg and a diastolic pressure of 75mmHg.
The diastolic pressure is always lower than the systolic pressure.
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4. Blood Pressure
The following table is used as a guide to understand the blood Pressure:
Blood Pressure Category Systolic Diastolic
Normal Less than 120 Less than 80
Elevated 120-130 Less than 80
Hypertension -Stage 1 130-139 80-90
Hypertension -Stage 2 More than 140 More than 90
Hypertensive (Critical) More than 180 More than 120
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5. Blood Pressure
Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
Age: Blood pressure tends to increase with age because blood vessels
thicken and stiffen over time.
Sleep: The pressure is lowered up to 15 to 20 mm Hg during deep sleep.
Family history: If parent or sibling have a history of high blood it may
continue in a similar way.
Obesity: Excess weight causes changes in the blood vessels.
Salt: More intake of salt in the food can cause the body to retain fluid.
Alcohol: Drinking a lot of alcohol can affect the muscles in the blood
vessels. This can cause blood vessels to become narrower and thereby
increase the blood pressure.
Stress: High levels of stress can lead to a temporary increase in blood
pressure.
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6. Blood Pressure
High blood pressure (hypertension)
High blood pressure is often called the silent killer
Most of the time, hypertension, has no obvious symptoms on the body
Hypertension has the following rarely noticeable symptoms:
Headaches
Blurred vision
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
Dizziness
High blood pressure can significantly increase the risk of:
Stroke
Heart disease (Heart attack, Heart failure)
Kidney failure (Narrowed blood vessels in kidneys)
Vision problems (Narrowed blood vessels in eyes)
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7. Thank You
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8. References
“Cleveland clinic,” https://my.clevelandclinic.org/.
“saralmind,” https://www.saralmind.com/school/school-class-8-9-10/class-10/science-class-10/physiological-
structure-and-life-process-class-10/blood-circulation-in-human-body.
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