Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition of the lung. It is a permanent dialation of the bronchi or bronchioles in the lungs due to other pathological conditions like cystic fibrosis/ pulmonary tuberculosis etc., . etiology, pathology, clinical features diagnostic crieteria to identify the cause of bronchiectasis, management, and preventive measures. differential diagnosis is key point to finding the actual disease condition of the lung.
3. Definition
Bronchiectasis is a destructive lung disease characterized by
chronic / perminant dialation of the bronchi associated with
persistent through variable inflammatory process in the
lungs.
Most of the lower lobes of the lungs
Focal or diffuse distribution
4. Aetiology:
It is often brought by damage of the lungs by other
conditions as:
Tuberculosis
Cystic fibrosis
Immotile Ciliary Syndrome
8. Saccular / Cystic Bronchiectasis - Bronchi severly
dialated, large areas of distal end look like ‘grape’,
bronchi end blindly in a dialated thick walled cyst
–
9. Varicose Bronchiectasis - resemble like varicose
veins, irregular/ altering dialation and constriction ,
irregular wall thickening
11. Pathophysiology
Primary inflammation to bronchi
Increase mucous viscosity
Recurrent transmural infections
Infiltrations of neutrophils, t. lymphocytes
Increases the elastase enzymes,
TNFalpha, Leads to loss of elasticity
Bronchial dialation/ tissue distruction
12. Clinical features
Shortness of breath
Cough with lot of mucous – green/ yellow
sputum upto 240ml
Purulant expectoration – the volume of the
sputum can be estimating the severity of the disease.
Clubbing of finger
16. Sputum culture to identify the bacteria-
pulmonary,H. influenza,
Broncoscopy
Special investigations – IgA immunoglobulins
Detection of cystic fibrosis by sweat chloride
test
Barium test to identify GERD
20. Antibiotics:
• To delays cystic fibrosis
Amoxycilline 500mg/ 10 to 14 days
Ciprofloxacine 500mg/ 2weeks
• IV antibiotics-
Gentamycine 80mg / bd
Ceftadizime 2gm/ tds
Piperacilline 4.5gm/ tds
• IV Immunoglobuline
• Tobramycine 300mg/bd solution for inhalation
21. Surgical :
• Indications in damage/disease confined to one lobe or
segment
• Uncontrolled hemoptysis – bronchial artery embolization
Lung transplant
Surgical Resection
Removal of viscous secretions/ foreign bodies/ mucous/ pus
22. Preventive and supportive treatment:
• Nutritional support
• Adequate hydration
• Healthy lifestyle
• Avoid smoking
23. Summery
BRONCIECTASIS Is an extreme form of obstructive
bronchitis, leads to perminant/ abnormal dialation and
distortion of bronchi and bronchioles.
Bronchitis also have similar Symptoms like Bronchiectasis, by
investigations and thorough examination will be rule out the
actual diagnosis.