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PARKINSON'S DISEASE PPT PDF.pdf
1. PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Dr. K. MALATHI
MD SCHOLAR
DEPT. OF. KAYACHIKITSA
DR. NRS GOVERNMENT AYURVEDIC COLLEGE
VIJAYAWADA.
2. DEFINITION
It is a chronic nurodegenerative
disorder that which primarily effects
the nurons of the basal ganglion,
which leads to progressive
deterioration of motor function due
to loss of dopamine producing brain
cells – substantia nigra
Occurs in the age group of 60 years.
Affects the Men >women
4. Patho physiology
Mainly basal ganglia – controls the movements
Dopamine – inhibitory nurotransmeter in the
basal ganglia
Acetylcholine – Excitatory nurotransmeter in the
basal ganglia
Metabolism of dopamine by MAO produce
hydrogen peroxide.
Glutathione normally breaks down the hydrogen
peroxide quickly.
Reduced Glutathoione leads to loss of protection
against free radicles leads to Cell damage.
5. Pathogenesis probably involves
apoptosis or necrosis of
dopaminergic neurons, results of
death of neurons
involvement of toxins due to
defective proteolysis, mitochondrial
dysfunction and oxidative stress
etc.,
6. There is depletion of pigmented
dopaminergic neurons in the sustantia nigra.
7. CLINICAL FEATURES
Cardinal features: TRAP
TREMORS
RIGIDITY
AKINESIA / BRADYKINASIA
POSTURAL INSTABILITY
General features :
Masked face / expressionless face
Dysphagia
Hypophonia
Dysphonia
Assymetrical gait
8. Tremors
Resting (4 – 6 Hz)
Postural ( 8-10 Hz)
Increases when activity
Aresting tremors in upperlimb being a common
presenting feature
Although Parkinsonian features are initially
unilater later in progressively bilateral
9. Rigidity
Cog wheel type – mostly in
upperlimbsSuper imposed tremor,
felt as tightness stiffness of the
limb muscles
Plastic /Lead pipe leg – stiffness of
the lower limb
10. Bradykinesia
Slowed ability to start/ initiation
to continue the movement
Impaired ability to adjust body
position
Impaired fine movements
11. Postural disability
Head bowed
Body bent forward
Back rigidity
Arms flexed
Thumbs turned into palms
Knees slightly flexed
12. Tests for Bradykinesia
Finger tapping
Hand movements
Pronation supination
movements of the arms
Leg agility
Neurological examination :
Muscle strength
Hypomimia- loss of expression
Cognitive impairment
Sensation and intellectual ability
Eye movement
13. Investigations
There no specific medical tests used to
diagnose the Parkinson’s disease
However CT, MRI and other blood tests used
to find out other possible conditions as similar
to Parkinson’s disease