Some issues of "Development of accommodation for all" are presented.

1. SOME SOCIAL ISSUES
IN DEVELOPMENT OF
CITIES AND TOWNS
Dr K M Soni
CHIEF ENGINEER, WZ-I
CPWD, MUMBAI

2. ISSUES
 ENGINEERING ISSUES
 ECONOMIC ISSUES
 ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUES
 LEGAL ISSUES
 POLITICAL ISSUES
 SOCIAL ISSUES

3. ENGINEERING ISSUES
 AESTHETIC
 SAFETY
 TECHNICAL SOUNDNESS
 ECONOMIC

4. ECONOMIC ISSUES
 AVAILABILITY OF
FINANCIAL RESOURCES
 ECONOMIC
CONSIDERATIONS IN
IMPLEMENTATION
 COST OPTIMIZATION

5. ADMINISTRATIVE
ISSUES
 LAND ACQUISITION
 LAW AND ORDER
 BENEFIT OPTIMIZATION

6. LEGAL ISSUES
 PROJECTS CONFORMING TO
LOCAL BYE LAWS AND OTHER
ACTS, RULES AND
REGULATIONS

7. POLITICAL ISSUES
 PUBLIC WELFARE
 NO UNREST

8. SOCIAL ISSUES
 GENERAL ISSUES LIKE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
POLLUTION CONTROL, HEALTH,
CLEANLINESS, EDUCATION ETC.
 SPECIFIC ISSUES LIKE MIGRATION,
UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS
 BASIC AMENITIES TO NEEDY
PERSONS

9. INTERDEPENDENCY
 ENVIRONMENT
ENGG ECONO.
ADMIN
LEGAL
POL.
SOCIAL

10. MAJOR ISSUES(1)
 ENGINEERING ISSUES TO
ENGINEERS
 ECONOMIC ISSUES TO FUNDING
AGENCIES
 ADMIN. ISSUES TO
ADMINISTRATORS
 LEGAL ISSUES TO ARCHITECTS,
LAW ENFORCING AGENCIES LIKE
LOCAL BODIES, FIRE
AUTHORITIES ETC.

11. MAJOR ISSUES(2)
 POLITICAL ISSUES TO
POLITICIANS AND
 SOCIAL ISSUES TO
GOVERNMENTS, NGO’S OR
POLITICIANS
EACH ISSUE IS A MAJOR ISSUE
FOR INDIVIDUAL ORGANISATION
AND THEY DO NOT TAKE UP ALL
ISSUES
THEREFORE THIS BECOMES A
MAJOR ISSUE

12. SOLUTIONS
 INDIVIDUAL APPROACH
 INTEGRATED APPROACH OR
MANAGERIAL SOLUTION

13. INDIVIDUAL APPROACH
 SOLVE ISSUES INDIVIDUALLY AND
NATURE WILL TAKE CARE OF
PROBLEMS IN FUTURE
BUT THIS IS NOT AN
INTELLECTUAL SOLUTION EVEN IF
INPUTS FROM ALL EXPERTS ARE
TAKEN CARE i.e. ENGINEERS,
FINANCIERS, POLITICIANS AND
ADMINISTRATORS

14. INTEGRATED APPROACH
OR MANAGERIAL
SOLUTION
 INTEGRATED APPROACH OR
MANAGERIAL SOLUTION IS
ONE WHICH CONSIDERS ALL
FACTORS AFFECTING
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL
ENVIRONMENT, THUS,
ALL ISSUES RESOLVED
SIMULTANEOUSLY

15. DEFINE PROBLEMS
 ENGINEERING PROBLEMS
1. AESTHETIC
2. LACK OF
INFRASTRUCTURE
3. SAFETY OF STRUCTURES
4.TECHNICAL SOUNDNESS
ENGINEERS PROVIDE
TECHNICAL SOLUTION BUT
NOT THE MANAGERIAL ONE.

16. UNSAFE CONSTRUCTION
• In many cities
• More in rural areas
now in city limits
• Constructed without
approvals
• Constructed without
proper designs

17. ECONOMIC PROBLEM
 LIMITED RESOURCES WITH
THE GOVERNMENT
 PPP MODE i.e. GOVERNMENT
AND PRIVATE PARTICIPATION
MOSTLY THE OBJECTIVE OF
PRIVATE INVESTMENT IS
PROFIT MAXIMIZATION AND
NOT A SOCIAL ONE

18. ADMINISTRATIVE
PROBLEM
 LAND ACQISITION
 ENCROACHMENT
 LAW AND ORDER
NEEDS OF ENCROACHERS
/PERSONS LIVING IN
UNAUTHORIZED COLONIES AND
INTERDEPENDENT NEEDS OF
ELITE AND UPPER MIDDLE CLASS
ON THEM ARE NOT CONSIDERED

19. ENCROACHMENT, BASIC FACILITIES
(www.property.sulekha.com) www.blogs.wsj.com)

20. POLITICAL PROBLEM
 REGULARIZATION OF
UNAUTHORIZED COLONIES
 RELOCATION OF JHUGGIES OR
SLUM DWELLERS
 REGULARIZATION OF
UNAUTHORIZED
COMMERCIALIZATION
EXPECTATIONS OF ELITE CLASS
AND UPPER MIDDLE CLASS ARE
NOT GIVEN FULL WEIGHTAGE
ALONGWITH RELOCATION OF

21. UNREST, RELOCATION,
REGULARISATION
(newsworldindia.in)

22. SOCIAL PROBLEM
 EVERY PERSON HAS THE RIGHT
TO LIVE IN A HABITAT AND GET
BASIC NEEDS FULFILLED - WE
ARE NOT ABLE TO FULFILL THIS
CRITERION AT PRESENT
“WE” INCLUDE ENGINEERS,
ADMINISTRATORS, FINANCIERS,
POLITICIANS AND YOU AND ME.

23. NEEDS (MASLOW’S
CONCEPT)
 PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
 SAFETY NEEDS
 SOCIAL NEEDS
 EGO NEEDS
 SELF ESTEEM NEEDS
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS ARE
BASIC. OTHER HIGHER ORDER
NEEDS OF A PERSON ARE
FUNCTION OF LOWER ORDER
NEEDS OF SOME OTHER PERSON

24. Modified Maslow’s Model (Soni)
Self-actualization
Ego/Esteem
needs
Social needs
Safety needs
Physiological
Need
Self
command
Self-
recognition
High
status
Love/Social/
religious
Marriage/social/
religious
Fear/high
economic
security
Economic
security Job Job
Luxurious House Basic Basic
H
F
D
A
BGK E CSelf-image Individual+Family Family Individual

25. INFERENCE
 ALL HIGHER ORDER NEEDS OF A
PERSON CAN ONLY BE FULFILLED
IF LOWER ORDER NEEDS OF
SOME OTHER PERSONS ARE
FULFILLED
THUS WE NEED ONE OR MORE
THAN ONE PERSON OF LOWER
CLASS OR LOWER MIDDLE CLASS
FOR EVERY PERSON OF ELITE
CLASS OR UPPER MIDDLE CLASS
We have to have a mixed society

26. GROUPS
 ELITE CLASS
 UPPER MIDDLE CLASS
 LOWER MIDDLE CLASS
 LOWER CLASS

27. INTERDEPENDENCY
(www.dailymail.co.uk)

28. INFERENCE
 LOWER AND LOWER MIDDLE CLASS ARE
PART OF THE SOCIAL SYSTEM IN URBAN
AREAS TOO.
 ELITE/UPPER MIDDLE CLASS AND
LOWER CLASSES HAVE
INTERDEPENDENCY
 LOWER CLASSES WILL MIGRATE TO
CITIES DUE TO THEIR LOWER ORDER
NEEDS AND MIGRATION WILL
CONTINUE. SO, DO NOT AVOID IT AND
PLAN FOR IT.
 WHY MIGRATION OF UPPER MIDDLE
CLASS IS NOT DISCUSSED? DISCUSS IT
TOO.

29. MIGRATION
 IF UPPER MIDDLE CLASS DOES
NOT MIGRATE, REQUIREMENTS
OF OTHER LOWER CLASSES WILL
COME DOWN.
 LET THE AIM BE - SLOW DOWN
THE MIGRATION AND PLAN
TEMPORARY MIGRATION RATHER
THAN PERMANENT MIGRATION

30. MANAGERIAL
APPROACH
 PLAN TRANSIT ACCOMODATION
1. PLAN PERMANENT
ACCOMMODATION
2. PLAN RENTED ACCOMODATION
 PLAN THE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR
LOWER AND LOWER MIDDLE
CLASS ALONG WITH
INFRASTRUCTURE FOR UPPER
MIDDLE CLASS AND ELITE CLASS

31. LOWER MIDDLE AND
LOWER CLASS
 GOVERNMENT STAFF
 PRIVATE SERVICE PEOPLE
 DOMESTIC WORKERS
 CONSTRUCTION WORKERS
 INDUSTRIAL WORKERS
 WORKERS OF COMMERCIAL
ESTABLISHMENT

32. HABITAT OF LOWER
AND LOWER MIDDLE
CLASS
 UNAUTHORIZED/REGULARIZ
ED COLONIES
 UNAUTHORIZED
EXTENSIONS
 RESETTLEMENT COLONIES
 SLUMS/JHUGGIES
MOSTLY UNSAFE
STRUCTURES AND
UNHYGENIC PLACES

33. WHY DO THEY ADOPT SUCH
HABITAT?
 GOVERNMENT STAFF – NON AVAILABILITY
 PRIVATE SERVICE PEOPLE – NON
AVAILABILITY OF SAFE ACCOMODATION
AT REASONABLE RENT/RATE
 DOMESTIC WORKERS – NON AVAILABILITY
 CONSTRUCTION WORKERS – NON
AVAILABILITY
 INDUSTRIAL WORKERS – NON
AVAILABILITY
 WORKERS OF COMMERCIAL
ESTABLISHMENT - NON AVAILABILITY

34. POLICIES
 MASTER PLAN
 RESETTLEMENT POLICIES
 LOCAL BYE LAWS
 RELOCATION POLICIES OF
SLUM DWELLERS
PRESENT STATUS :
INCREASE IN SLUMS AND IN
UNAUTHORISED COLONIES

35. INFERENCE
 WRONG POLICIES – NO
 INSUFFICIENT LOCAL BYE LAWS -
NO
WE ARE NOT ABLE TO DIAGNOSE
THE PROBLEM – MAY BE
PROBABLY WE ARE NOT ABLE TO
TACKLE THE PROBLEM FROM THE
ROOT AND THUS THE PROBLEM IS
RESOLVED ON SURFACE

36. WHO SHOULD PREPARE
INTEGRATED PLAN?
 GOVERNMENT
AS GOVERNMENT IS
POLICY MAKER
AT PRESENT ALSO
GOVERNMENT IS PLANNING

37. WHO SHOULD
IMPLEMENT IT?
 GOVERNMENT
 BUILDERS
 INDIVIDUALS
EVERYBODY HAS TO
IMPLEMENT IT, THEN ONLY
POLICY WILL BE SUCCESSFUL
AND IF MAJORITY IS NOT
IMPLEMENTING, IT MEANS,
POLICY NEEDS REVIEW

38. WHO SHOULD CREATE
PLANNED ACCOMMODATION
(1)?
 GOVRNMENT STAFF – 100 %
BY GOVERNMENT
 PRIVATE SERVICE –
ASSURED AVAILABILITY ON
RENT
 DOMESTIC WORKERS – BY
GOVERNMENT AND
ELITE/UPPER MIDDLE CLASS

39. WHO SHOULD CREATE
PLANNED ACCOMMODATION
(2)?
 CONSTRUCTION WORKERS –
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS
(POLICIES TO BE AMENDED BY
GOVERNMENT)
 INDUSTRIAL WORKERS – PARTLY
BY INDUSTRIES AND PARTLY
RENTED
 COMMERCIAL WORKERS - RENTED

40. GOVERNMENT
ACCOMODATION
 100 % SATISFACTION
 COMPULSORY
ACCOMODATION WHO ARE
NOT PERMANENT LOCAL
RESIDENTS
 SERVANT QUARTER ALONG
WITH EVERY TYPE IV AND
ABOVE QUARTER.

41. CONSTRUCTION
WORKERS
 ALLOW PRIVATE
BUILDERS TO CONSTRUCT
PERMANENT
ACCOMMODATION FOR
THEIR CONSTRUCTION
WORKERS OR EVEN FOR
RENTING THEM OUT

42. COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENT
WOKERS
 ALLOW PRIVATE BUILDERS TO
CONSTRUCT ACCOMMODATION
FOR GIVING IT ON RENT
 EVERY SOCIETY AND MALL
SHOULD CONSTRUCT
ACCOMMODATION FOR THEIR
ESSENTIAL STAFF.

43. INDUSTRIAL WORKERS
 FIRMS/ORG. TO ASSURE
MINIMUM 50 % SATISFACTION
LEVEL
 ALLOW PRIVATE BUILDERS
TO CONSTRUCT
ACCOMMODATION FOR
RENTING IT

44. DOMESTIC WORKERS
 EVERY PRIVATE SOCIETY HAS
TO CREATE SAME NUMBER OF
SERVANT QUARTERS AS THE
FLATS IN THEIR PLOT
 THE OWNERSHIP OF SERVANT
QUARTER SHOULD REMAIN
WITH FLAT OWNER

45. EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS
 EVERY INSTITUTE IMPARTING
HIGHER EDUCATION TO
CONSTRUCT HOSTELS FOR
THEIR OUTSIDE STUDENTS

46. GOVERNMENT POLICY
 REQUIRES CHANGES IN
MASTER PLANS
 MAY REQUIRE CHANGE IN
RENT ACTS
 MAY REQUIRE CHANGES IN
OTHER ALLIED ACTS

47. EXISTING SCHEMES
GOVERNMENT HAS MANY
SCHEMES INCLUDING “HOUSING
FOR ALL” BY 2022

48. MISSION
 CREATE URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE IN
TOWNS OR CONVERT TOWNS INTO
CITIES ?
 INTEGRATE MIGRATION ISSUE WITH
DEVELOPMENT
 MIGRATION IS A SOCIAL ISSUE (WHICH
INCLUDES ECONOMIC CONDITIONS)
AND THUS REMAIN UNRESOLVED IN
TOWNS AS WELL IN CITIES IF RURAL
DVELOPMENT IS NOT TAKEN CARE –
LET THE MISSION BE ADOPT
TEMPORARY MIGRATION AND AVOID
PERMANENT MIGRATION

49. CONCLUSIONS(1)
 PROVIDE SERVANT QUARTERS IN
T-IV AND ABOVE GOVERNMENT
HOUSES
 PROVIDE 100 % SATISFACTION
LEVEL FOR GOVERNMENT STAFF
AND COMPLULSORY STAY IN
GOVERNMENT HOUSES TO
PREVENT PERMANENT
MIGRATION.

50. CONCLUSIONS(2)
 MAKE A POLICY THAT ALL
PRIVATE COLONIES WILL
HAVE A BLOCK OF SERVANT
QUARTERS. SERVANT
QUARTER WILL REMAIN
UNDER OWNERSHIP OF
OWNER OF THE MAIN
QUARTER.

51. CONCLUSIONS(3)
 EACH INDIVIDUAL PRIVATE HOUSE OF
PRESCRIBED NORMS WILL HAVE
SERVANT QUARTER(S)
 EACH COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENT
WILL HAVE ACCOMODATION FOR
SERVICE PEOPLE AND INSTITUTIONS
FOR THEIR STUDENTS
 THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD TAKE UP
ONLY CONSTRUCTION OF
ACCOMMODATION FOR LOWER AND
LOWER MIDDLE CLASS AT SUBSIDIZED
RATES.

52. CONCLUSIONS(4)
A QUALIFICATION CRITERION
SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THE BID
DOCUMENTS REGARDING
AVAILABILITY OF ACCOMMODATION
FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKERS
FOR MEGA PROJECTS.

53. CONCLUSIONS(5)
 PROPERLY PLANNED AND
APPROVED ACCOMMODATION FOR
CONSTRUCTION WORKERS
SHOULD BE AVAILABLE ON RENT.
 RENT ACTS AND OTHER ACTS
SHOULD BE MODIFIED SO AS TO
MAKE AVAILABALE PLANNED AND
APPROVED ACCOMMODATION TO
NEEDY PERSONS.

54. CONCLUSIONS(6)
THERE SHOULD BE A
PROVISION IN MASTER PLAN
FOR ALLOWING PRIVATE
DEVELOPERS TO CONSTRUCT
ACCOMMODATION FOR
CONSTRUCTION WORKERS
AND OTHERS FOR RENTING.