Energy pulse vol2 no 1 june 2018

Energy Pulse Vol 2 No.1, Jan - June 2018
PULSEPULSE
Vol 2 No.1, June 2018
A NEWSletter
of Renewable
Energy
Professionals
Energy Pulse
A Newsletter of
Renewable Energy Welfare Society
President
Jami Hossain
Sub-editor
Suchitra Subramaniyan
National Council
Secretary
Hasan Arshad
Published by Z Square Kreations
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ENERGYENERGY
Aamir Qazi
Ashish Swaroop
Ashish Tewari
Dinesh Jagdale
Govind Bhagwatikar
Himraj Dang
K Balakishore
Krishna Kumar
Manoj Sharma
Praveen Kakulte
Rohit Chauhan
Rupesh K Singh
Satyendra Kumar
Soyeb Gadhiya
Stephen Selvadas
Sunil Jain
V B Rao
Vipin Balan
500 GW by
2030
Plans of 40 GW/yr
Breaking News
Nearly 40 GW of renewable energy projects
will be up for auctions over the next ten years.
The New and Renewable Energy Secretary,
Anand Kumar revealed this plan at the Glo-
bal Wind Day celebration by the Indian Wind
Turbine Manufacturers Association (IWTMA)
in in New Delhi on June 30 , 2018. The plan
is to auction 30 GW solar and 10 GW wind
every year for the next 10 years till 2028, im-
plying a huge potential for domestic manu-
facturers and developers.
100 GW of Solar by 2022, 350 GW by 2030
and 140 GW of wind till 2030 will be bid out
as per the plans of the government.
Kumar also mentioned that the best bidding
mechanism was being examined and IIM
Lucknow had been engaged for preparing a
detailed report on merits of close envelop auc-
tion and reverse bidding method. This News-
letter separately carries a report and a presen-
tation by REWS President to IIM Lucknow.
Kumar also mentioned of the plans to auc-
tion, hybrid, offshore and offshore-hybrid
‘We are
going to
propose to
MNRE for an
increase in
our sectoral
exposure
from 35 per
cent to 60
per cent’
K S Popli, CMD, IREDA
farms that will bridge the gap between demand
and supply. A demand of nearly 800 GW is
assessed by 2030.
Tulsi Tanti, Chairman of IWTMA spoke at
length of the vision and plans of wind indus-
try in India. He said India will boost its wind
turbine manufacturing capacity to 25 GW/yr
from the present 10 GW/yr. he talked about
the scenario beyond 2030 when India could
be facing severe water crisis and when the off-
shore windfarms can be used to desalinate
water for the country’s fresh water needs.
Speaking at the IWTMA event, IREDA Chair-
man and Managing Director K S Popli said that
the Reserve Bank of India has recently allowed
a niche Non-Banking Financial Company
(NBFC) to ask for a relaxation in the sectoral
exposure limits. “We are going to seek approval
from the IREDA board and then going to write
to the Ministry of New and Renewable En-
ergy,” he said.
Tulsi Tanti, CMD Suzlon &
Chairman IWTMA
‘India will boost its
wind turbine
manufacturing capacity
to 25 GW/yr from the
present 10 GW/yr’
Tulsi Tanti, President IWTMA
Anand Kumar (IAS), Secretary MNRE
1

ENERGY PULSE
The Newsletter Energy PULSE is published online by Z Square
Kreations for Renewable Energy Welfare Society (REWS). The So-
ciety has been set up with the main objective of capacity and skill
enhancement among the engineering community in the country.
We have decided not to print the Newsletter in paper. The reader
may print out the pdf file for ease of reading
REWS hosts one of the largest Renewable Energy forums in India
on Telegram App, which is called REWS Open Forum. Similarly, on
the Whats App, REWS hosts the REWS Think Tank. In the day and
age of online communications, these forums create free flow of in-
formation and immediate connect with the decision makers. This
Newsletter, adds to the efforts of REWS in bringing news, analysis
and happenings not only from India but around the World to RE
professionals and Engineers.
Why this periodic Newsletter, in the age of internet when every hap-
pening around the world from the birth of a little puppy to the com-
missioning of a large power plant gets online and shared in a few
minutes. The reason is that there is an overload of information and
one is not able to easily figure out - what is important and what is
not. Energy PULSE filters out the news and information that mat-
ters for the professionals and engineers.
In this issue
Select News
 Exclusive Interviews
 Technical Papers
 Select Policy Reviews
 Coverage of Events
Cover Story - Solar - Wind Hybrid
To regularly recieve Energy
News every Quarter, become
a member of REWS
for details Contact :
Hasan Arshad,
Secretary
rewelfaresociety@gmail.com
Mobile: +91-9650057019
Money enters and exits but in the process, it changes everything. The assets
remain where they were, generating same electricity in the same manner and
the pipeline of projects follow their own trajectory dependent on capital
infusion and the government policies. In a dynamic market characterized by
M&A, What is dynamic is the ownership and the method of electricity
procurement.
The dynamics that we are witnessing in the Asian market is about this
transition of ownerships happening on a Giga-scale. In Asia, deals and big
money are in the air. Acquisitions, mergers, IPO and the exit euphoria is
characterizing the renewable energy markets from Abu Dhabi to Tokyo.
M&A and exit is not the only part of the story – the other parts of the
changing dynamics are about competitive bidding, increasing volumes (at
least the targets) and reducing costs and tariffs. Thus, a downward trend is
seen in the tariffs. Asset aggregation has picked up with competitive bid-
ding.
Over the last 3-4 years, quest for larger volumes seems to have engulfed the
Asian market. One needs big players to gobble up multiple assets across the
span of Asia. That is what US $ 40 billion Global Infrastructure Fund
(GIP) based out of New York is. In January this year, we had the news of
GIP along with China Investment Corp (CIC) acquiring 100% of Equis
Energy assets totaling 11.35 GW for US $ 5.0 billion. Equis Energy of
11.35 GW assets operates from 15 Asian offices, employing over 300 pro-
fessionals including 100 engineers and 38 local development professionals.
Equis is the largest renewable energy IPP in the Asia-Pacific region based
on installed capacity, with more than 180 assets comprising 11.135 GW in
Pen with a Pinch
The M&A Rush!
‘we did start with a 1 GW plan in late 2012
and we’ve more or less achieved our goal.
Our journey has been a
tough but rewarding and
valuable experience.
Would expect
tremendous change in
the industry going
forward based on policy
shifts driving new
business models and entrants.’
Sudhir Nunes, Orange Renewable Power
An avalanche of M&A and asset
aggregation seems to have
gathered speed in the Asian
renewable energy market,
coupled with competitive bidding
and a downward trend in tariffs.
In this editorial, we touch upon
this happening story...
Contnd on Page 3
2

Technology
Water-based 3inch Battery
A team of scientists at Stanford, has created a 3 inch prototype of a
water based battery which can store wind and solar energy. The stored
energy can be supplied back to the national grid.
The team, headed by post doctoral scholar Wei Chen, believes that
the product can be scaled up and have a lifespan of more than 10
years.
“The setup contains an electrode dipped in a mixture of water and
manganese sulphate (easily available industrial salt), explains Yi Cui ,
Professor of Material Science, Stanford. “An electron exchange was
done between manganese sulphate and water, and a power source
was added to this prototype”.
This power source mimicked how a renewable energy source might
feed energy to the battery.
The electrons from the power source displaced manganese sulphate
to form manganese dioxide, with the excess electrons forming hydro-
gen gas.
This hydrogen gas was crucial as it contained the stored energy. The
team proved that the battery could be recharged by connecting this
depleted prototype with the power source again. The energy now
flowed in the opposite direction and manganese dioxide reacted with
electrons to replenish the manganese sulphate contained originally in
the setup.
Professor Cui opined that this prototype, when scaled up could help
the Department of Energy to meet the electrical storage goals at the
utility scale.
(source : https://greenerideal.com/news/new-battery-prototype-stores-solar-and-wind-energy/)
German utility converts wind
power to Gas
German Utility-Uniper launched a pilot scheme at Falkenhagen to
store Wind power as Methane gas, thus increasing the uses of wind
power.
Methane gas is touted as capable of providing a higher quality mate-
rial than green hydrogen already being provided by the plant.
With excess production of wind and solar energy in Germany, the
Government is on the lookout to store renewable energy rather than
retiring it once Renewables have surpassed other conventional en-
ergy forms by mid century as per the energy policy.
Methane gas can take renewable energy than hydrogen gas to elec-
tricity and heating markets, mobility and manufacturing sectors to
name a few.
GE renewable energy deal in Chile
GE has announced its first renewable energy deal in Chile with Ar-
royo Energy Compania de Energias Renovables Limitada. GE shall
supply six turbines with a configuration of six 3.6 MW turbines and
137 meter rotors adding up to a total of 21.8 MW.
This is a big leap for Chile and in line with the Government’s goals of
cutting greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent compared to 2007
levels. Chile also plans to add 60 percent of electricity from renewables
by 2035 and 70 per cent by 2050.
“GE believes in Chile’s energy sector as a motor for development and
we are determined to use our state-of-the-art wind technology to har-
ness the vast wind potential in the country,” shared Vikas Anand,
general manager for GE’s Onshore Wind Business in the Americas.
News
APAC, including Australia, Japan, India, Indonesia, the Philippines and Thai-
land. This Giga deal is perhaps the largest so far in 2017-18, but at the same
time, there are many other efforts being made to aggregate the assets.
In India, a couple of years back we used hear of 50 - 100 MW acquisitions
but now we have, what we call – “The Giga deals,” the latest being that of
Greenko group agreeing to acquire AT Capital-backed Orange Renewable
Power Pvt. Ltd for an equity value of $300 million (about Rs 2,000 crore).
The deal is still in the process. Greenko is backed by sovereign wealth funds
GIC Holdings Pte Ltd and Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA).
Greenko founder has reportedly said that both GIC and ADIA are open to
making further investments in Greenko.
Greenko owns and operates renewable energy assets across wind, solar and
hydro segments. Its total operational capacity will reach 4.2 gigawatt (GW)
after completion of the transaction. Prior to Orange, Renew Power ac-
quired Ostro Energy which owned 1.1 GW. Renew Power owns 5.85 GW
of wind power comprising of 3.92 GW operational assets and 1.93 GW of
under development assets. It seems to have all begun with Sembcorp acquir-
ing 60% stake in IDFC PE owned Green Infra Limited in February 2015.
The stake gradually increased to 78% and then in August 2017, Sembcorp
acquired entire stake in Green Infra. Around same time in January 2017, US
based Sun Edison exited 1.7 GW of operational and pipeline projects, sell-
ing out to Greenko.
Recently Renew Power filed for IPO to raise US $ 1.0 billion, which will
provide exit to investors in Renew. The process that began in in 2015 has
literally turned into an avalanche of M&A, acquisitions and fund-raise across
Asia. At the same time in India, government continues to work towards
more gigawatt scale bids and enhancement of targets. It does appear that we
are headed for much more higher RE capacity than was envisaged earlier.
Contnd from Page 2
SECI solar tender oversubscribed
by 2.1 GW
According to reports, the latest tranche of SECI tender attracted a
total of 5.1 GW of technical bids from 12 parties, against the 3 GW
that was sought, indicating a huge investment interest in these auc-
tions. The projects are to be connected to Inter-State Transmission
System (ISTS.
SBG Cleantech, a joint venture between Japan’s SoftBank Group Corp,
India’s Bharti Enterprises Pvt and Taiwan’s Foxconn Technology
Group, bid for the largest capacity of 1.8 GW. SBG was followed by
ACME Solar (600 MW), ReNew Power (500 MW), Adani Green (300
MW) and Azure Power (300 MW). Mahindra, Spring Energy, Tata Power
Solar and Hero Future Energies each bid for 250 MW, while ACB
India, Canadian Solar and Mytrah Energy are looking at 200 MW each.
Denmark to construct three new offshore
wind farms by 2030
Denmark, where 43% of electricity was met by wind in 2017, will
construct three new offshore wind farms with a total production
capacity of at least 2,400 megawatts (MW) by 2030, as per the agree-
ment reached unanimously in Danish parliament on June 29, 2018.
The Parliament has also agreed to target meeting 55% of its elec-
tricity requirements from renewables by 2030.
MNRE targets 30 GW offshore wind by 2030
MNRE has announced medium and long term offshore wind energy
target of 5GW by 2022 and 30 GW by 2030. The Ministry recently
invited Expressions of Interest (EoI) for the first 1 GW offshore
wind project, which evoked keen response from the industry.
Initially, sites have been identified in the western offshore region off
the Gujarat coast and measurements have been initiated by setting
up LIDAR. Private sector has also initiated such measurements. An
offshore wind potential varying from 300 - 900 GW has been as-
sessed.
3
Breaking News

Windfarm Analytics
New Delhi, August 11, 2018
A REWS Workshop
Dear Colleague,
REWS under its P2P (Professional to Professional) Programme is organizing a workshop in
New Delhi on August 11, 2018 on Windfarm Analytics. Today, India has more than 34
GW of windfarm capacity and in the next four years or so, we are likely to add nearly 25-
30 GW additional Capacity @ 7-8 GW/yr. A significant part of the existing capacity has
crossed half of its lifetime. These machines have entered the period of increased
component failure, greater wear and tear and more downtime. Even slight improvements
in the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) practice of these wind turbines can bring about
a significant increase in units generated as well as a reduction in the operating costs.
Windfarms in India operate at plant load factors ranging from 12% - 45%, which
translates roughly into INR 160 billion (USD 2.8 billion) worth of annual electricity
generation. However, the performance is often poor not only because of lack of adequate
operation and maintenance but also a lack of an analytical approach to resolve recurring
problems. Massive data gets generated through SCADA systems but is mostly archived
and hardly analyzed. Windfarm Analytics, a missing link in wind business so far, carries
the promise of optimizing the windfarm performance. New methods on data-driven
predictive, preventive, and analytical maintenance have emerged in recent times.
This workshop will focus on advanced O&M practices and windfarm analytics to enable
the professionals involved in O&M, understand & deploy new emergent techniques in this
field.
President, REWS
For Program & Delegate
Registration, please contact
Suchitra
Email : rewelfaresociety@gmail.com
Mob: +91- 8826376388
For Sponsorships, please contact
Nayyara
Email: rewelfaresociety@gmail.com
Mob +91-9810825284
DELEGATE REGISTRATION
REWS Member Delegate Fee Rs.
Rs.7500/-
Non REWS Member Delegate Fee
Rs.9000/-
4

China’s future in the
environmental policy
space looks bright, as
its President XI
Jinping spoke at the
G20 in 2017 about
China’s ambitions on
pushing its Ecologi-
cal Civilization Strat-
egy. The focus on de-
velopment funding,
asset management
and financial services
to further the cause
of sustainability in
investments and in-
dustry shall be greater
in the years to come.
As part of the 13th
economic plan, banking sector reforms have been
proposed to encourage issuance of green loans and loan guarantees
to use public funds. A launch of financial institutions which provide
incentives for growth of sustainability and green industries has been
done in five pilot zones in provinces of Guangdong, Guizhou, Jiangxi,
Zhejiang and Xinjiang.
In addition to these initiatives, China has issued 40% of all new green
bonds as of 2016, coming to US$30.2 billion, making it the world’s
largest green bond market in 2016. This progress was maintained
even in 2017 as the issuance of bonds saw a 33.6 % leap over 2016
in the first half of year 2017 with an issuance of US$11.52bn in
green bonds.
“There is no lack of funds. It is a question of finding the right mecha-
nisms to allow that shift in capital to take place rather than a lack of
funding. It’s how do we
get the right mecha-
nisms to allow that
capital to flow and sat-
isfy the requirements
of those stakehold-
ers”, said Rob Barker,
Head of Sustainable
Finance & Invest-
ment, Global Markets
APAC at BNP Paribas
in Hong Kong.
To spread the mecha-
nism of green finance
strategy further, a
group of China’s de-
velopment finance in-
stitutions have envis-
aged to build a series of interconnected trade routes linking Asia,
Africa and Europe.
According to the UN’s Global Trends in Renewable Energy Invest-
ment Report, Renewable Energy accounted for approximately 55%
of all new capacity installed globally in 2016. However, there is still a
push required to aid the transition of “legacy carbon-heavy” sectors
to sustainable economic models.
Anna Wang, spokesperson for Ant Financial, a FinTech company feels
that the use of digital technologies too is required to address environ-
mental challenges on a global scale. True to these words, this com-
pany launched “Ant Forest”, a mobile app which encourages consum-
ers to make sustainable and eco-friendly choices through a game. Within
nine months of its launch, it claims a reduction of 150,000 tons of
The Bureau of Labor, USA states that the fastest growing job in America
is that of a wind turbine technician. According to Henry Bailey, the
Global VP & Head of Utilities Industry Business Unit at SAP, with 9
million people already in the renewable energy industry, an estimated
50000 additional trained staff are needed in the wind energy industry
by 2030.
From a survey of 3100 industry leaders conducted by SAP, a stagger-
ing 48% believed that digital skills and smart technology are para-
mount among professionals in order to generate revenue over the next
few years. Especially in the wind industry, where turbines are now smart,
internet connected and more advanced than before, creating more
mentorship and apprenticeship programs to train future wind techni-
cians and enhance the skills of current technicians, according to Bailey.
Such programs can also strengthen communication between experi-
enced and entry level wind technicians.
Auston Van Slyke, a Program Director at Colorado’s Ecotech Insti-
tute, who teaches a 60 hr wind turbine safety course, opines that de-
pending on the existing skill level of the technician the training re-
quired may vary; a 40 hr course including climbing, rescue, company
procedures, electrical safety may be relevant for an experienced tech-
nician, but the shortest program suggested for an entry level person is
of two month duration, which could be followed by a two year associ-
ate degree.
Some important features of wind technician training include equip-
ment and tool training, climbing and safey training and enhancing digi-
tal skills.
Upward Jobs trend in US
Enter the dragon: Green Finance
The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority
(NYSERDA) was awarded $18.5 million by the U.S. Department of
Energy (DoE) to lead a consortium of private, academic and govern-
ment stakeholders working to advance offshore wind plant technolo-
gies.
The funds will be administered by The DoE Office of Energy Effi-
ciency and Renewable Energy (EERE) to cultivate new methods for
wind resource and site characterization and to develop new technolo-
gies for the installation, operation, maintenance, and supply chain of
offshore wind energy. The consortium’s overall goal will be to make
offshore wind more economically viable.
“There is enormous potential for offshore wind in the United States,”
Timothy Unruh, the deputy assistant secretary for renewable power at
EERE, reportedly said. “Through this consortium, DOE seeks to sup-
port fundamental research to accelerate the development of afford-
able offshore wind technologies.”
At present, just one offshore wind plant is operating in the United
States. To advance offshore wind plants, NYSERDA will lead research
into deep water installations that use floating foundations, challenging
or unknown seabed conditions and efforts to mitigate hurricane dam-
age.
DoE will also provide an additional $2 million to national laboratories
to support the consortium’s research and development efforts.
US$ 18.5 Million for Offshore Tech
News
5

The Reverse Auction
Debate and the Battle of
Tariff..
Over the last two years, it is as if a battle has
been waged over the tariffs of Onshore
Windfarms - there are winners, there are
losers and there are the casualities. However,
it seems, the battle is an interim. As long as
there is a debate, the tables can still turn on
one or the other stakeholder group.
Good or bad, right or wrong - the debate continues but the thing about
reverse auction is that it is irreversible and the reality unvieled is that
the tariff of wind projects bid for the Solar
Energy Corporation of India (SECI) bids av-
erages at Rs. 2.75/kWh. The minimum tar-
iff arrived at is Rs. 2.44 kWh/yr, both for
wind and for solar.
Prior to the Reverse Auction Competitive
Bidding regime, Feed-in-Tarriffs determined
on a cost plus basis by the regulatory com-
missions were in force. There were other
policy instruments such as GBI, REC and
Accelerated Depreciation that further en-
couraged investments in RE projects.
Though not without its problems, for quite
a few in renewable industry, these were the
golden days. The mechanisms and the ones
before them worked well and delivered the
20 GW of wind power to the nations
With e-Reverse Auctions initiated by the
government through SECI, the scenario
changed with many stakeholders finding
themselves struggling in troubled waters. For
manufacturers, contractors, sub-contractors
and the vendors - the guys in the supply chain, gone were the good old
days of routine business. The greatest frustration was among the busi-
ness development professionals who felt the business and the market
slip from their fingures. All the contacts they had cultivated over many
years were not usefull anymore.
For many, getting business became a dream. The IPP had to win the
bid and then that IPP had hard negotiations with EPC and OEM play-
ers and the pressure of lowered costs would propogate all the way
down the supply chain among vendors, sub-contractors and employ-
ees. Many lost jobs and many small businesses closed down. The whole
markets underwent a change, for example those who had invested mil-
lions in land assets in states like Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh (low
wind regime states) found themselves left high and dry with no busi-
nesses and sunk resources. The thing with e- Reverse Auction is that it
sucks the juice first - which is the high resource areas and these were to
be found only in Tamil Nadu and Gujarat. Thus there was no business
in other mediocre and low wind states. Other than land aggregators,
the state-specific contractors also found themselves without business.
Those OEMs who could not move over to higher rating wind turbine
designs, large rotor diameters and tall towers were also politely shown
the door. They no longer had the cutting edge or the ‘value add’ to be
in the game. Only those OEMs, who own complete design platforms
and also exclusive market rights across the world can move over to
larger wind turbine models in a short period of one or two years. These
are big ones - the MNCs - Vestas, GE, Suzlon .. to name a few. How-
ever, many of the relatively smaller play-
ers find themselves stranded.
Willingly or unwillingly - only some enti-
ties remained in the game. At the same
time the Discoms and the government
(SECI) are rather pleased with them-
selves, for indeed the objective of bring-
ing down the cost of power from
renewables had been achieved.
In the battle of tariffs, there are losers
and there are winners and there are those
who have fallen perhaps to never rise
again. But it is not all over in a one sort
of way. It wll be too much to believe the
e-RA and e-RA only will remain the or-
der of the day and that there will be no
other mechanism.
For a country as large and as diverse as
India, can the government rely on only
one option. Is it not like keeping all the
eggs in the same basket. This seems to
be an unlikely option.
In recent times some thinking and brain storming has been going on to
evaluate the implications of e-RA. Is it as beneficial as it appears to be
or there is a negative side to it as well? What are the positive and what
are the negetive outcomes.
REWS came to know of an MNRE-Worldbank-IIM initiative in this
direction and decided to make a presentation to a panel of professors
at IIM Lucknow. The idea was to provide IIM Lucknow with true and
indepth understanding of the sector so that conclusions are drawn in
the absence correct information, data and knwledge. This effort has
been highly appreciated by all concerned.
Those OEMs who could not move over to higher rating
wind turbine designs, large rotor diameters and tall
towers were also politely shown the door. They no
longer had the cutting edge or the ‘value add’ to be in
the game. Willingly or unwillingly - only some entities
remained in the game
Policy Analysis
6

Policy Analysis
7
Limited
Power
Evacuation
Limited
Intermediaries
Limited Lands
Limited Sites
OPCompetitively bid Opportunity
Process Triggered
Match the lowest bidder Competition
Reverse Auction
High Stakes
Need for a
Project
Get the project
somehow
e - Reverse Auction
Merits & Demerits
A Presentation at IIM, Lucknow,
June 12, 2018
Dr. Jami Hossain
President,
FiT
AD
GBI
REC
10 GW manufacturing
20021990 2014
34.05
G W T
A
R
I
F
F
Target 227GW RE by 2022
23.3
G W
1.0
G W
Buy back rate
Wheeling &
Banking
Accelerated
Depreciation
WTG Size < MW
Captive Power
State Incentives
Issues with
DISCOMS
Competitive
Bidding with
Reverse Auc
Till Now
Some Slides from REWS presentation to IIM, lucknow

A new GWEC face
A new face is always welcome and this time it is that of Ben Backwell,
a leading commentator and strategist in the renewable energy sector.
Ben is taking over as the CEO of the Global Wind Energy Council
(GWEC). Steve Sawyer, who was the face of GWEC for more than 10
years will now function as a senior advisor.
Movers & Shakers
Benn Backwell, the new CEO at GWEC
According to a GWEC press release, Benn Backwell is thge new
CEO.”We are delighted to have Ben join us as GWEC's new CEO,"
says Morten Dyrholm, GWEC Chairman and Group Senior Vice Presi-
dent of Marketing, Communications & Public Affairs for Vestas Wind
Systems. "He will bring solid industry knowledge, commercial acumen
and communication and public affairs expertise to the role."
He adds, "We are extremely grateful to Steve Sawyer, who has played
a big part in the success of GWEC and the global wind sector over the
past 11+ years. We are pleased that we will continue to be able to
count on Steve's knowledge and network in his new role as Senior
Policy Advisor."
Ben Backwell joins GWEC from global advisory company FTI Con-
sulting, where he was a Managing Director in its Clean Energy Prac-
tice. Backwell is a leading strategist in the renewable energy industry
and has advised many of the leading technology companies, utilities,
developers and IPPs and financial institutions active in the sector. He
is a former journalist and analyst who has covered energy policy and
markets in a number of geographies including Europe, the US and
Latin America. He is the author of Wind Power, the struggle for con-
trol of a new global industry," (Routledge 2015, New Edition 2017)
which has been described as the "definitive" story of the global wind
industry.
"The wind industry has seen phenomenal growth over the last 10 years,
and is well placed to cement its position as one of the world's leading
energy sources, providing clean, cost-effective power for the digital
age" says Backwell.
"However, the wind sector will need to negotiate a series of market,
regulatory, political and technological challenges over the coming pe-
riod. Within this context, GWEC will need to play a central role in
helping the sector and the organisation's members to achieve their ob-
jectives."
He adds: "During the period of Steve's tenure, global wind installa-
tions grew from 74GW to 539GW. I want to work with Steve and
GWEC's members to ensure that the next decade sees even greater
growth."
Vinay Kumar quits Greenko
P Vinay Kumar, COO
of Greenko Energies
has quit Greenko and
joined Brookfield Asset
Management (BAM) as
one of its senior func-
tionaries. BAM is a lead-
ing alternative global as-
set manager focussing
on high quality assets
across real estate, infra-
structure, renewable
power and private eq-
uity and has nearly
80000 employees in 30 countries. BAM investments include one of
the largest portfolios of office properties in the world, industry-leading
infrastructure business spanning utilities, transport, energy, communi-
cations infrastructure and sustainable resources.
Vinay was heading operations at Greenko and was involved in the
commissioning of the world’s largest solar farm (500 MW AC / 816
MW(DC)) in Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar park. At Greenko he was in-
volved in setting up 900 MW of wind capacity and 1333 MW of solar
capacity.
Ashish Swaroop quits Skeiron,
starts on his own
Ashish Swaroop
has quit Skeiron,
the PEfundedIPP
of Tantis and has
started his own
venture, which is
a mix of RE and
Food. I believe a
fundamental shift
is happening in
food &energy sec-
tor right now, says
Ashish on his
Linkedin profile.
He has an inter-
esting observa-
tion to make, food will not be cooked at home (outsourced) but elec-
tricity will be produced by consumer (self generation).
His RE company is Renewable energy Asset Excellence (ReAe), which
aims to cater to needs of commercial & industrial electricity consum-
ers in India. We aim to set up a wide network to develop solar & wind
parks and give end to end services to lower energy cost of large con-
sumers.
Food & Agri services business aims to cater corporate in Pune to start
with Tasty & Healthy food. With time we aim to integrate farm pro-
duce with in food supply chain. One of the main driver to get into this
business is to generate employment and develop entrepreneurs in this
ever green sector. Ashish has been COO, Skeiron for last two years
and COO of Continum Wind Energy India Pvt Limited from 2009 till
2015.
Ashish Swaroop, Founder Director ReAe
He will bring solid industry knowledge,
commercial acumen and communication and
public affairs expertise to the role
After quitting OPG,
Sankalp joins Gensol
as Head, Renewable
Energy
Sankalp Sharma has quit OPG and joined
Gensol as Head, Renewable Energy. Sankalp with
nearly 10 years of experience in the Renewable
Energies will be spearheading bsuiness development and operations at
Gensol and is based at Ahmedabad. Gensol is into asset management
business and was set up in 2009. The company is also into environ-
ment solutions and climate advisory.
P Vinay Kumar
8

The policy, regulatory, and an industry wizard and a one time public
face of Suzlon, Chintan Shah has finally taken the plunge from a pri-
vate sector Indian MNC (Suzlon) to the Public Sector IREDA. Chintan
Shah has joined IREDA as its Director Technical. It’s a career move,
and a transition in many ways. Suzlon Energy Limited has been the
largest manufacturer of wind turbines in India, for many years captur-
ing the major market share almost every year. The company along with
its charismatic founder Tulsi Tanti has always been in news in the stock
exchange, in M&A, in the acquisition of RE Power (now Senvion),
and in debt restructuring etc. For almost 15 years now, Chintan has
been the front and the public face of Suzlon, second only to Tulsi
Tanti. He has been one of the highly networked persons in wind en-
ergy, walking the corridors of power at ease and emerging with a upper
hand in most of the discussions with sound logic and data.
He has been able to carve out his niche as one of the most knowl-
edgeable in regulatory and industry matters. His decision to move
from a key position in wind industry to a position in IREDA has taken
many by surprise.
Budhavarappu Rajshekhar has joined Greenko
as its Executive Vice President after a short pe-
riod of consulting and advisory at IFC and be-
fore that at ILFS. Rajshekhar has worked earlier
with the IPP Acciona and before that with Enercon and TERI.
Rajshekar is an Aspen Institute fellow (Catto Fellowship) with over 25
years RE experience across Investment firms, Consultancy firms, WT
Manufacturers and International RE developers with work-experience
spread over Indian, South Asian, African and European markets.
Rajshekhar joins
Greenko
Gnanaprakash joins
Evergreen
Renewables
Gnanaprakash Alagirisamy with around ten
years of experience in project execution and
quality control involving both solar parks
and windfarms has joined Evergreen
Renewables Pvt Ltd. as project manager. In
this move Gnanaprakash makes a transi-
tion from consulting role to development and
IPP role.Over the last ten years, Gnanaprakash spearheaded project
management, quality assurance and project execution at windfarm sites.
An electrical engineer, Gananaprakash also developed experties in civil
and mechanical areas and has been a common face at windfarm sites
across the country.
A smart career
move by Chintan
Shah
T R Melroy
Melroy
promoted
to COO
at
Mytrah
T R Melroy, the
projects and operations
man has been pro-
moted to the position
of Chief Operating
Officer (COO) (Wind & Solar) at Mytrah Energy India. Melroy who
began his career as a trainee at Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (ISRO),
very soon got entrenched in Renewable Energy beginning with Enercon
in 1994. Some of the other companies, he has worked with include
Vestas RRB, Regen Powertech, GFL, and Renew. Melroy specializes
in project development and execution.
Balaraman joins NIWE as
its DG
Dr. Balaraman Kannan
who dabbled between
private sector and
utilities in carrying out
power flow studies has
now moved from pri-
vate sector to join Na-
tional Institute of
Wind Energy. After
spending 13 years with
Karanataka Electricity
Board (now KPTCL),
Balaraman joined
Poweer Research and
Development Con-
sultants Pvt Ltd
(PRDC). It is here that
he came in touch with
Solar and Wind developers seeekeing PRDC advice with regard to
power evacuation facilities, what is known in technical terms as Power
Flow Study. PRDC became a common name in Renewable Energy in
recent times. Balaraman’s last post in PRDC was Chief General Man-
ager. At NIWE, which is the apex technical and research body of the
Government of India, he has the challenge to cover wind and solar
resource assessment, ensure that wind turbines with appropriate certi-
fications are set up in the country, and to role out the R&D programme.
He is stationed at NIWE facilities in Chennai.In this issue, we also
carry an exclusive interview with Dr. Balaraman.
Ashok Datta joins Regen Powertech
Ashok Datta, an established industry veteran
after promoting RES in India has joined Regen
Powertech. Ashok has earlier also worked with
Regen and before that with Suzlon. He is sta-
tioned in Delhi and is looking at international
markets
Naga Suresh Kumar Yadavalli
joins Orange
Naga Suresh Kumar Yadavali has joined Orange Re-
newable Energy as Senior Executive Regulatory.
He was earlier working with Mytrah.
Dr. Balaraman Kannan
9

On a Solar-Wind hybrid song
India is the first country in the world to come up with a policy on Wind Solar Hybrid.
The country has around 34 GW of installed wind power and 22 GW of Solar Power. All
these Solar Parks and windfarms need separate infrastructure or Balance of the
system other than wind turbine and the solar panel. However, according to the new
policy, a hybrid wind solar project can be set up using the same infrastructure. This
amounts to better utlization of wires, transformers, switchgear etc. Above all given
that renewable energy sources are variable in nature, the new policy will enable a
coupling of Wind and Solar in a complementary fashion, which means a lot in terms
of grid stability and better utilization. Much is being talked about storage systems
and hybridization paves the way for plugging in storage systems (particularly
batteries) in a cost effective manner. In this article, REWS summarizes the Hybrid
Policy finalized recently
After its draft version was released in 2016, the National solar and
wind hybrid policy has been finalized.
In the progress towards the target of 100 GW of solar power and 60
GW of wind power by 2022, the renewable installed capacity in India
stood at 70 GW of total renewable capacity at the end of 2017.
The aim of the solar-wind hybrid policy is to encourage hybrid systems
for efficient use of transmission infrastructure, reduce variability in
both resources, and encourage upcoming technologies which could aid
the operation of solar-wind hybrid plants.
Features
Configuration of Wind Turbine Generators and Solar PV systems will
be done to operate at the same point of grid connection.
A solar-wind hybrid plant shall be recognized as such only if the rated
capacity of one resource is 25 % that of the other. The sizing of the
hybrid plant shall depend upon the resource characteristics of the domi-
nant resource to ensure better use of transmission structure, such that
in a location where wind power density is high, the size of solar PV
system shall be smaller, and vice versa.
For fixed speed wind turbines, the integration of the solar PV and
wind system will be on the High Tension(HT) side of AC output bus,
whereas for variable speed wind turbines using inverters, the integra-
tion of the systems will be done using DC bus. Thus policy provides
for both AC and DC integration of technologies.
The policy seeks to promote both new hybrid projects and hybridiza-
tion of existing wind plants or solar plants.
For new projects, the electricity generated from the plant could be
used for captive purpose, sold to a third party (through open access),
or sold to a Distribution Company (DISCOM) at a tariff calculated by
the Regulatory Commissions, a transparent bidding process, or under
the REC mechanism. For the transparent bidding process different
parameters shall be used, which may include CUF of plant, price of
electricity, capacity delivered at the grid interface. Government enti-
ties shall invite bids using the transparent bidding process. Solar and
Non solar RPOs may be fulfilled from the procurement of this power
in the proportion of capacity drawn from the respective systems.
For the hybridization of existing plant with either WTG or solar sys-
tems, no additional transmission capacity charges will be levied if a
granted access from transmission entity is in use. If capacity margins
are available at the transmission substation, additional transmission
access may be allowed by transmission entity, on the condition that
the developer bears responsibility for transmission augmentation. Only
AC integration of wind solar hybrid plants shall be permitted till the
methodology and standards of DC metering are framed.
All other directives for new hybrid projects hold true for hybridization
of existing projects.
In addition to the hybrid project, the policy promotes battery storage
to reduce variability of output from plant owing to the infirm nature
of the resources and provide firm power for a defined period.
According to this policy, the wind-solar hybrid projects may avail fi-
nancial incentives made available to wind and solar plant. The CEA
and CERC are responsible for framing of standards and regulations,
methodologies, scheduling and forecasting, and other related mecha-
nisms for hybrid plants. For wind, solar and balancing of systems, guide-
lines issued by Ministry for grid connected systems shall hold good.
A Conference on Hybrid Policy Organized by WindInsider Group in New Delhi
Cover Story
10

A 78.8 MW Hero Futures Energy
Wind - Solar Hybrid Project
It is thumbs up for Hero Future Energies (HFE) for the first mover advantage in
Solar-Wind hybrid and for having successfully set up the first ever large-scale
solar and wind energy hybrid project in the state of Karnataka. It is perhaps also the
first project of its type and design in the world. A project set up earlier in Jamaica as
a Wind Solar hybrid is on a much smaller scale and in total only about 80 kW.
However, HFE hybrid facility is a utility scale grid connected project totaling 78.8
MW. The project set up at Kavithal, Raichur in Karnataka includes a 50MW wind
farm and a 28.8MW solar PV completing the hybrid. The project’s evacuation
capacity is 50MW, which was originally meant for only the windfarm. Now the same
power evacuation facility, wires, switchgear and transformers are additionally
evacuating 28.8 MW of solar capacity. The most important aspect of a hybrid
renewables system is its stabilizing impact on the grid.
Interestingly, this project has come up at a time when there was no policy from the
government with regard to Solar-Wind Hybrids and the tariffs etc. This is because
the project is structured as a group captive and the electricity is sold to separate
industrial entities.
In the Kavithal project, the PLF of the windfarm alone is 28%, while the solar PLF is
18.7%. However, the total PLF of the facility is 41.8%. There are many beneficial
aspects of this project which include better utilization of land, optimized power
evacuation, better utilization of wires and transmission systems, cost savings in
investments as well as in operations. In addition there is a complementarity between
wind and solar resources both in terms of resource availability as well as in terms of
technology performance. For example solar panels perform at a higher efficiencies
at locations that are windy because wind takes away the heat and the cooling
improves the performance.
In this issue of Energy Pulse, we carry an exclusive interview of Sunil Jain,
Executive Director of HFE...
Cover Story
11

I can see virtual power
plants coming up in the
world in the next 10
years or so, which can
help consumers to draw
‘
’Sunil Jain, CEO & Executive Director, Hero Future
Energies in an interview with Suchitra
Subramaniyan
Congratulations on commissioning India’s first large-scale solar-
wind hybrid plant in April 2018 in Karnataka. How did you con-
ceptualize this project, and what are the future plans of Hero
Energy Futures?
When the wind power plant at Karnataka was installed earlier, we were
able to supply power to the Grid for only 8 hours a day, that too only
during the evening hours! The entire evacuation system was idle from
the morning and onwards. We felt that there ought to be a way to
effectively and efficiently use the entire system and co-locate a solar
plant so that we can effectively use solar power during the day, and
wind power during the night.
Thus, a solar plant was co-located here and engineering and design
was done to observe the overlapping of solar and wind in the peak
season, and to understand the constraints of evacuation.
As opposed to the 8hours before, we have succeeded in supplying power
18 hours a day post commissioning of the solar-wind hybrid plant.
The Plant Load Factor (PLF) of the site has gone up from 28% to 48%
post the co-location of solar plant!
We are a 1500 MW Company comprising both wind and solar capaci-
ties, and will be 2000 MW by 2020 and 2500 MW by 2021-22.
What are the challenges faced during the implementation phase
of the solar-wind hybrid project from a policy perspective?
India had no hybrid policies in place at the time of planning and ex-
ecuting this project, which proved to be a challenge. Hero Energy Fu-
tures turned this challenge into a boon by selling their power to third
party organizations.
Another consequence of this policy is that hybrid meters could not be
installed at the site and separate meters were used for both solar and
wind systems.
What was the role played by energy storage technologies in the
hybrid project and what are your thoughts on the progress in the
energy storage sector in India?
Energy storage technologies are yet to be used in the hybrid plants, but
we are at a conceptual stage of implementing it. It shall be added on
the site but it currently seems to be a long shot.
As for its role at a country level, energy storage has a huge future in
India.
I believe that five years down the line, the future will belong to energy
storage technologies. A combination of solar and storage will bring
about a paradigm shift in Renewables, especially with IOT coming up
in a big way. This combination could revolutionalize the power sector
and reach grid parity in the next five years. The fact that energy storage
prices are plummeting, is a huge proof that these predictions can come
true.
‘The future will belong to energy stor-
age technologies. A combination of
solar and storage will bring about a
paradigm shift in Renewables, espe-
cially with IOT coming up in a big way.
This combination could
revolutionalize the power sector and
reach grid parity in the next five
years. The fact that energy storage
prices are plummeting, is a huge
proof that these predictions can come
true’
12 Cover Story

As for a combination of wind energy and storage technologies, the
technical challenges are greater, but not impossible to overcome.
What are your thoughts on the rapidly declining tariffs of solar
and wind and the disruptive implication of these on the Power
Purchase Agreements. What policy reforms, from an IPP’s per-
spective, can address this issue?
We all seem to love this topic of declining tariffs (laughs). However,
we refrain from analyzing why the tariffs are declining. The project
and interest costs have declined, the technologies and solar efficien-
cies have improved.. Earlier the wind plant PLFs were 26-28%, but
now even a poor resource wind plant gives a PLF of 38-40%.
Thus a PLF increase to 40% corresponds to an increase of only 15%.
These are the key reasons for a dip in tariffs. Returns have not gone
down, all other costs have aligned themselves.
We are very clear that there will be no impact of the earlier tariffs,
because all PPAs are contractually binding on all DISCOMs. If the
DISCOMs open the PPAs it will be at their own peril, and the court
will not entertain any change. In other words, legally stringent mea-
sures are now in place.
Also, policy corrections are now not needed as all transactions are
done by the process of bidding. IPPs need to get proper evacuation
and proper payment on time.
As for DISCOMs and PPA’s, we have made it clear that the PPAs are
legally binding.
Are balancing costs reflected in solar tariffs? Well, it is only 5-6% of
the total energy in the system, as compared to 30-40% of renewable
energy in the system all over the world. There are no balancing costs
in the grid as far as renewables are concerned.
Interview Sunil Jain continued... As a person at the head of an IPP, what is your opinion on the
technological transformation that we may see in the Renewable
Energy over the next 20 years.
I would like to comment only on the next 5-7 years. I see solar effi-
ciencies increasing dramatically which would imply that land require-
ments will go down as well. The capacities of solar rooftop installa-
tions will go up, and be supported by increase in storage efficiencies
and reduced energy storage prices. In some places, a combination of
solar rooftops and storage could completely replace the need to draw
power from the Grid, even to power an entire home 24X7.
I can see virtual power plants coming up in the world in the next 10
years or so, which can help consumers to draw power at the click of a
button. In wind technologies, I see turbines getting bigger; and an
increased ability to harness wind power even from low resource sites
due to technical advancements, along with increased availability of
collapsible wind turbine blades, which may help in bringing down
costs further due to ease of transportation.
Are our Professionals and Technical workforce adequately skilled
for energy transformation?
Yes and no. Our professionals and technical workforce are highly com-
petent. Our Indian Engineering skills are well known world over. The
knowledge is good, but skilling as per the job requirement needs to be
done. In India, R&D skills among the workforce needs to be devel-
oped. Training should be done to motivate the workforce to think
beyond the routine work. Initiatives in this regard must be taken by
both the Industry and the Government. There also needs to for a
stronger collaboration and more frequent interactions between Edu-
cational Institutes and the Industry than just a one off arrangement.
We must learn from the steps taken by Universities abroad to see how
their students are made future ready. Students need to be taught
more than just the regular Physics, Chemistry and Biology and give
them a curriculum to prepare them for how the world may be in the
next 5-10 years.
Hero Futures Energy Solar Wind Hybrid Project at Kavithal, Raichur, KarnatakaHero Futures Energy Solar Wind Hybrid Project at Kavithal, Raichur, Karnataka
Windfarm Capacity: 50 MW
Solar Park Capacity: 28.8 MW
Power Evacuation: 50 MW
Offtake : Group Captive
Wind Turbine: Siemens Gamesa
Inverters: Gamesa 320/325 W Modules
13Cover Story

V K Agrawal
Main Author
Cover Story/ Technical Paper
Wind-Solar hybrid policy by MNRE
and sanction of 2500 MW capacity
plants under this – A major initiative
towards addressing the challenges
of integration of renewable energy
generation in the grid
Abstract
In order to achieve energy security and to con-
trol greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, India is
planning to connect a large quantum of generat-
ing capacity in the electricity grid from Renew-
able Energy (RE) sources, particularly from so-
lar and wind. The main drivers of adding large
capacity from solar and wind is the vast untapped
potential of several thousand GW and the con-
sistently falling costs of producing electricity from
these sources, the advancement in technologies
as well as the economies of scale. Solar genera-
tion will only happen during day peaking at some-
time around 1 – 2 PM, however, wind genera-
tion normally picks up in the late afternoon and
continues till late in the night. Since the generation
from solar will take place only during a certain
period in the day time, in order to meet continu-
ous demand of power, during rest of the day
and the night, when energy from solar is not there,
some other sources of energy are essentially re-
quired. Hence with a large quantum of solar
generation deployed, there would be a need to
find out the alternate sources of renewable en-
ergy, which can complement the generation from
solar and is also reliable, long lasting as well as
cost-effective. A number of alternatives are be-
ing looked into in this direction and one natural
and effective way to address this typical issuecould
be to harness the equivalent quantum of energy
from wind, which almost has a complimentary
generation profile. The wind and solar combina-
tion can be further optimized technically as well
as commercially by the introduction of wind-
solar Hybrid System. Recent Developments, in-
volving issue of the National Wind-Solar Hybrid
Policy on 14th
May 2018 and sanction for the
‘Scheme for Setting 2500 MW ISTS connected
Wind-Solar Hybrid Power Projects’ on 25th
May
2018, can be reckoned as the major initiative by
MNRE, Government of India towards addition
and integration of large capacity from RE in the
grid.
In this paper, based on the actual load for the
past period in some of the states in India, which
have rich potential both in wind and solar, a de-
tailed analysis has been carried out on how the
introduction of Hybrid System and optimum in-
ter-mix of wind and solar can contribute towards
addressing the issue of variability of the genera-
tion from the RE sources. This analysis is for the
year 2021-22 conditions, by which time 175 GW
of RE generation capacity is envisaged to be
added in the grid.
Keywords—renewable energy; wind; solar; variabil-
ity; complimentary; hybrid system; standalone; net-load;
storage devices; evacuation; network; pattern;
I. Introduction
In India the target to increase the renewable
energy (RE) generation capacity by the year
2021-22 is of the order of 175 GW, with
100 GW from solar, 60 GW from wind and
balance from other sources. With the pen-
etration of such large RE capacity in the grid,
one of the major challenges is to address the
issue of variability and intermittency, which
is a natural characteristic of generation from
RE sources. Further, amongst the different
RE sources also, the generation from solar
has a typical pattern of rendering the out-
put only during the day time - in the shape
of a hill. Due to this, during the rest of the
period, when energy from solar is not there,
the overall availability from RE sources
would relatively be lower. Particularly, dur-
ing evening peak period when on one hand
the solar generation is falling and on the other
hand the evening peak load is picking-up,
there would be a sharp ramp-up in net load
(actual load – RE generation). Hence due to
this unique generation pattern of solar, which
in time to come, is being looked upon as a
major contributor to the RE portfolio, by de-
sign the total RE production during the pe-
riod of around 16-17 hours in a day - when
generation from solar is not there, is going to
be of relatively on the lower side. Wind is
the type of RE source, which has a charac-
teristics almost complimentary to solar, and
therefore by having an optimum inter-mix of
wind and solar, the overall variability in the
RE generation can be reduced to a great ex-
tent. After working out a good combination
of wind and solar and rendering an initial im-
provement in the RE generation profile on
macro basis, the balance part of the variabil-
ity and any sharp ramps in the overall RE
output during rise/fall of solar generation,
can be tackled by rest of the sources like,
pumped storage plants, gas based generation
and electrical storage etc. Since the cost of
the storage devices, whether it is hydro, gas
or electrical is substantially high, it is impor-
tant that the RE generation variability is re-
duced at the initial stage itself by having the
optimum mix of the wind and solar at the
source of generation itself. The analysis done
in this work shows that by having Hybrid
Systems and optimizing the inter-mix of wind
& solar, the variability is dampened, thereby
paving a way towards penetration of larger
quantum of RE into the grid, without affect-
ing its safety and security.
Archit Khemka
Angad Gupta
Jami Hossain
Hari Manoharan
Co-Authors
14

Fig 1: Hourly (Average MW) load profile of Rajasthan
Wind Generation : In the pattern of wind generation shown below it can
be seen that maximum wind is available during the summer period and
time wise the generation from wind is more during the morning and
evening hours and low during the day time.
Fig 2: Month wise (Avg. MW) wind potential in Rajasthan
Fig 3: Hourly (Annual Avg. MW) wind profile in Rajasthan
Solar Generation: The pattern of solar generation shows that season-
wise the solar generation is relatively on the lower side during sum-
mer/monsoon period and time wise it is available only during the day
time. On comparing the generation pattern of wind and solar - season
wise as well as time wise, it is evident that the generation pattern from
these two sources is almost complimentary in nature.
Fig 4: Month wise (Avg. MW) Solar potential in Rajasthan
Fig 5: Hourly (Annual Avg. MW ) wind profile in Rajasthan
III. Wind Solar Hybrid System
The wind solar hybrid system is the system under which both wind and
solar are located in close proximity to each other in order to share the
common infrastructure, including the transmission/evacuation net-
work. There could be different designs of a Hybrid system, like the
one where the output of the two sources are integrated at the AC level
and the other one where the two sources are integrated at DC level
itself and thereby in addition to sharing of transmission evacuation
network, can also share the invertor section. Under hybrid approach
the individual capacities of wind and solar are decided based on the
site conditions and the relative potential of both these sources and
ultimately produce a single electrical output, more efficiently than ei-
ther approach could do on standalone basis. The main advantages of
using Hybrid System can be identified as follows :
 Improved power generation profile
 Utilization of common resources
 Better utilization of Land
 Reduced cost of evacuation
 Economical and easier operations and maintenance
IV. Brief details of the Case Study (Rajasthan)
During the simulation work related to the case study, the criteria to
decide the capacity(s) of the Hybrid System and the inter-se percent-
ages of wind and solar within the Hybrid are based on the following
philosophy:
A. Break-up of RE Capacity & the specific capacity of Hybrid
The already planned wind capacity in the state pertaining to the year
2021-22 has been split into two parts, with 75 % capacity being re-
tained in the original standalone mode and it is assumed that the bal-
ance 25% capacity would be converted into Hybrid. This point can be
elaborated further, by taking the example of a state like Rajasthan,
where as per the government plans, it is estimated that by the year
2021-22 the State of Rajasthan shall have 8600 MW of generation
capacity from wind and 5762 MW from solar. This means that in the
present case study where we are talking about the Hybrid concept, out
of the total initially planned wind capacity of 8600 MW in the state,
capacity of 6450 MW would be retained as it is in the form of standalone
wind and it is assumed that the balance 2150 MW wind capacity would
be converted into Hybrid.
II. Estimation of Load & RE Gen. BY FY
2021-22
The present work relates to an analysis which has been carried out to
show qualitatively and quantitatively, how the introduction of Hybrid
Systems and a judicious mix of wind and solar can, to a certain extent,
address the variability of RE generation and help in flattening of the
overall RE generation profiles in the grid. In order to carry out this
analysis, the actual load and generation profile from wind and solar
corresponding to a recent past period of the five renewable rich states
in India, namely - Gujrat, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu, Madhya- Pradesh and
Karnataka have been considered. With the help of the actual load data
for the past period, the load conditions pertaining to the year 2021-22
have been simulated by considering certain normative growth in the
load on year to year basis. The figures 1-5 below show the estimated
Hourly (Average) load profile and the pattern of wind and solar gen-
eration in one of the above states i.e. Rajasthan corresponding to the
year 2021-22.
Cover Story /Technical Paper
15

B. Composition of the wind and solar capacities in Hybrid
Further, whilst deciding the components of wind and solar in the Hy-
brid, the component of the wind has been taken equal to the rated
(100 %) capacity of the Hybrid System and the component of the
solar has been taken in different compositions, equivalent to 25%,
35%, 40%, 45% & 50% of the wind capacity. This means that in the
present case, under the various combinations of Hybrid, the capacity
of the wind would be retained as 2150 MW, and the capacity of solar
would be varied as follows:
 Case-01 : 537.5 MW (25% of 2150 MW);
 Case-02 : 752.5 MW (35% of 2150 MW);
 Case-03 : 860 MW (40% of 2150 MW);
 Case-04 : 967.5 MW (45% of 2150 MW);
 Case-05 : 11075 MW (50% of 2150 MW);
C. Segregation of Solar capacity in Standalone & Hybrid
As stated earlier, by the year 2021-22 Rajasthan shall have 5762 MW
of the capacity from solar. Out of this, as some of the solar capacity
shall be used in Hybrid, the standalone solar capacity would come out
to be equal to the total planned solar capacity minus the solar capacity
which would be considered under the Hybrid configuration. On this
basis, in the present example of Rajasthan, out of the total initially
planned solar capacity of 5762 MW, under Case-1, the solar compo-
nent in Hybrid would be 537.5 MW and the balance standalone solar
capacity would be 5224.5 MW. This segregation of solar capacity in
the standalone vis-à-vis Hybrid configuration would change from case
to case, with the stipulation that the total solar capacity in all the cases
shall continue to remain at the earlier planned level of 5762 MW.
D. Introduction of additional capacity of the wind
Due to considering a part of solar capacity under Hybrid, there would
be saving in the transmission network usage and therefore certain trans-
mission capacity shall come out as under-unutilized (spare) capacity.
In case we want to utilize the transmission network to its full capacity,
then equivalent to this under-utilized transmission capacity, additional
wind can be added in order to improve the overall RE generation pro-
file. Hence in this particular case, due to the introduction of Hybrid,
as 537.5 MW transmission capacity was getting under-utilized, equiva-
lent to that, additional wind capacity has been added in the system as
‘Additional Standalone Wind’. With the above analogy, in this particu-
lar case (Case-01), the capacities of wind, solar and Hybrid and the
total transmission evacuation capacity become as follows:
 Standalone Wind - 6987.5 MW (6450 MW + 537.5 MW)
 Standalone Solar - 5224.5 MW (5762 MW – 537.5 MW)
 Hybrid – 2150 MW (wind :2150 MW & solar : 537.5 MW)
 Total Trans. Cap. – 14362 MW (6987.5 + 5224.5 + 2150)
E. Wind, Solar and Hybrid capacities in the five (5) Cases
Based on the above analogy the standalone capacities of wind, solar
and Hybrid systems in all the five cases (Case 01 –Case 05) are given
in the below table.
Table 1.0 : Wind, Solar & Hybrid Capacities in Rajasthan – 5 Cases
Fig 6: Hourly (Avg. MW ) Load & RE profile in Rajasthan
H. Flattening effect in the RE Generation Profile
On the above Base Case, when the wind-solar Hybrid System with
varied solar compositions are imposed (Case-1 to Case-5), it is ob-
served that under different cases as the quantum of wind is increased,
the RE generation trend during morning and evening hours is moving
northwards (going up) while during the day time remains more or less
at the original level (which was already high in the shape of a hill).
The above table has been derived based on the following assumptions:
 The initially planned wind capacity pertaining to the year 2021-
22 has been split into two parts, with 75 % component as
standalone wind and balance 25% as Hybrid.
 In the Hybrid, the component of the wind is taken equal to the
rated (capped) capacity of the Hybrid and component of the
solar has been taken in different compositions (equivalent to
25%, 35%, 40%, 45% & 50% of the wind capacity), depending
on wind zone in that area.
 Keeping the total planned solar capacity figure intact, the
standalone solar capacity would come out to be equal to the
total planned solar capacity minus the solar capacity which has
been planned under the Hybrid configuration.
 Due to considering a part of solar capacity under Hybrid, there
would be some under-utilized transmission evacuation capac-
ity, Equivalent to that, additional wind would be added in or-
der to improve the overall RE generation profile.
F. Assessment of the spillage
In the Hybrid systems, the capacity of the hybrid has been capped by
the installed capacity of wind. During certain periods when both wind
and solar are high, in order to cap the combined output from wind and
solar equal to the rated capacity of hybrid, there may be certain in-
stances of spillage. In order to ascertain the spillage, if any, across
whole time domain, the individual hourly values of the hybrid system
output have been considered. These values include the estimated hourly
values of load, wind output, solar output and also the losses due to
spillage, when both wind and solar systems peak occur simultaneously,
resulting in curtailment of some generation. On the basis of the study
it has been captured that the instances when there are cases of spillage
due to the capping of the Hybrid capacity are very few, and through-
out the year the spillage due to Hybrid system comes out to be within
1% of the total energy produced.
V Simulation results and analysis of
the outcome
In the present analysis, the simulation for the Base Case as well as all
the five Cases ( Case -1 to Case -5) involving different combinations
of the wind-solar capacity in the Hybrid Systems has been carried out.
The results of the simulation studies and the analysis of the outcome
are explained below:
G. Pattern between load curve and RE Generation
As can be seen from the Fig.-6 shown below, during a typical month
(April, 21) in the FY 2021-22 conditions (Base Case), when we co-
relate the trends of the estimated load and the RE generation in the
state, it can be seen that trends of load and RE generation are showing
non-coherent behavior, particularly during the day time, and this is
mainly due to the effect of the generation on account of solar.
16

I. Flattening effect in the Net Load Curve
As shown in fig.-8 below, with additional wind the Net Load (Load-
RE) curves under different cases, (Case-1 to Case-5) also show a flat-
tening effect and substantiates that with the introduction of Hybrid
System and the additional wind, the net increase in overall RE genera-
tion during morning and evening hours is higher than during the day
time. In the figure below, the bottom trend line is composed of the net
load curves under five cases and are showing a flattening effect.
Fig 7: Pattern highlighting the flattening in RE Gen. – 5 Cases
Fig 8: Hourly (Avg. MW ) Load & Net-Load in Rajasthan
J. Limited value of spillage due to Hybrid Action
In order to clearly reflect the real time pattern of the load and RE
generation pattern, the peaks/drops experienced in the load/genera-
tion and the spillage, on hour to hour basis (720 values per month)
have also been examined for all the months during the FY 2021-22.
These values also highlight the complimentary nature of wind and
solar and also gives the indication about the overall spillage due to
concurrent peaking in the Hybrid is quite low and is even less than
1%.
VI. ANALYSIS OF THE OTHER RE PROLIFIC
STATES
Similar analysis have been carried out for the other wind and solar rich
states also, viz. Gujrat, Tamilnadu, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka.
The outcome is on the similar lines, with the only difference that due
to changing profile of wind and solar from state to state, certain
changes can be seen in the overall RE pattern in each of the states as
well as the level of variability addressed. To substantiate it further, as
a sample case the results obtained in respect of Tamilnadu are pro-
duced below. The Table-2 shows the wind, solar and hybrid capacity(s)
in the different cases and the Fig.-9 shows the flattening pattern in RE
generation with the introduction of Hybrid and optimum inter-mix of
wind and solar.
Table 2: Wind, Solar & Hybrid Capacities in Tamilnadu – 5 Cases
Fig 9: Pattern highlighting the flattening in RE in Tamilnadu
VII. Conclusions
On the basis of the above analysis, it can be inferred that by introduc-
ing Hybrid system and changing the inter-mix of wind and solar ca-
pacities by introduction of additional wind capacity, the following ad-
vantages can be derived:
 Introduction of Hybrid Systems, besides giving a better output
profile as far as grid is concerned, would also entail certain
amount of saving and economy of operations, in view of use
of common equipment and evacuation network. Hence going
for the Hybrid systems would be grid friendly as well as an
economical proposition.
 On closer inspection of the hourly trends of the total RE (wind,
solar and Hybrid) generation, it can be seen that in the Hybrid
System, by selecting the percentage mix of wind and solar judi-
ciously, the energy spillage due to simultaneous peaking of the
wind and solar generating stations can be kept minimal, say
even less than 1% of the total annual energy generation of the
hybrid system. This further validates and substantiates the
advantage of use of common transmission and evacuation net-
work.
 Due to introduction of Hybrid System, certain quantum of
transmission capacity is getting spared and by utilizing the same,
some additional wind capacity can be added. On the basis of
the present analysis, it is seen that such a change (addition of
certain wind capacity and hence change in the inter-mix ca-
pacity of wind and solar), is ultimately addressing to a certain
level, the issue of variability in the RE generation pattern and
is also introducing certain flattening in the overall RE genera-
tion curve.
 With penetration of large RE capacity in the grid, in order to
address the issue of intermittency and variability, other av-
enues like introduction of storage systems etc. would be re-
quired, which may incur substantial costs in present scenario.
However by having optimum mix of wind and solar, as dem-
onstrated in this study, we can achieve/improve certain level
of flattening in the total RE generation pattern. Hence this is
certainly going to render substantial cost savings related to ad-
dressing the variability of RE generation.
This basically shows, that in the different cases (Case-1 to case-5),
with the change (increase) in the wind quantum, the total RE genera-
tion curve is getting flatter. As clearly shown in the Fig.-7 below, due
to additional wind the increase during morning and evening periods is
of the order of 200-400 MW, while during day time it is of the order of
50-150 MW only. On scrutiny of these trends for all the months, al-
most similar pattern can be seen, though the exact improvement to-
wards flattening shall vary from month to month, due to the varied RE
generation profile.
17

Cutting Edge
While efforts are being made to reduce CO2 emissions across na-
tions and continents using renewable energy to generate electricity,
the ships that transit in the oceans also contribute to Green House
Gas (GHG) emissions. The international shipping industry is respon-
sible for the carriage of about 90% of world trade and is vital to the
functioning of the global economy. In 2012, it accounted for 2.2%
of the world’s total GHG emissions. According to a UN report, the
true scale of climate change emissions from shipping is almost three
times higher than previously believed (reported by Guardian). Ac-
cording to a scientific study on trensport (http://
www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/569964/
IPOL_STU(2015)569964_EN.pdf), if action to combat climate
change is further postponed, their CO2 emission shares in global CO2
emissions may rise substantially to 22 % for international aviation
and 17 % for maritime transport by 2050, or almost 40 % of global
CO2 emissions if both sectors are considered together. Thus ship-
ping industry, if unaddressed does pose a seriouus problem from a
climate change perspective.
To adhere to stringent environment regulations, shipping companies
are interested to invest in alternative eco friendly ways to power ships
and also as a by-product of this, reduce the overall cost in powering
ships. With the foresight of Anton Flettnor, Flettnor rotors were built
long back in 1926 and used rotor sails on a ship to travel across the
Atlantic Ocean to New York. But the harnessing of wind energy
lost to the charm of diesel power to propel ships. However, aware-
ness on climate change and the keenness of the shipping industry to
cut emissions is bringing wind power back in vogue. Moreover, strin-
gent pollution rules regarding the need for shipping companies to
reduce sulphur content existing in fuel will lead to adoption of more
renewable technologies at least by 2020.
According to Lloyd’s register, a maritime classification society, wind
power can reduce fuel costs by 50% on shipping routes with high
wind speeds.
Moreover, Windship Technology Ltd, a company based on a sail
power concept developed by a consortium of key players in the
shipping industry, states on its official website that 70-80% of freight
charges are consumed by fuel costs, thus reducing profits of ship
owners by a huge margin.
This sail power concept is known as the “Auxilliary Sail Propulsion
System”, whereby two 35 metre high masts are installed on a vessel
deck with aerodynamic wings, which start rotating on windy routes
to exploit wind power. The system develops more power with change
in speed and angle of the wind. This use of wind power is thus
capable of reducing fuel costs, and also being environmentally
friendly.
According to the CEO of Finnish company Norsepower, Tuomas
Riski, Fletnor rotor technology can also be used to harness wind
power along windy routes. The pressure difference between sides of
spinning rotor sails in presence of wind is used to create a thrust
forward perpendicular to wind direction which can be used as wind
power. This technology has been touted as revolutionary for ferries
and cruises. Maersk, the global shipping firm plans to fit Fletnor
rotor sails to oil tankers for reduction of cabon emissions and to cut
fuel costs. Back in 2016, Cargo ship MS Estraden shoed 6.1% re-
duction in emissions upon installation of Fletnor rotor technology,
Wind
SHIPAn energy
revolution
in the
making..
18

175 GW by 2022?
with CEO Riski revealing that Norsepower was the first company to
have used renewable energy in large vessels.
Enercon also launched a rotor ship in 2008 using the Flettner rotor
technology and aims to reduce fuel costs by 30% by using the Magnus
Effect created by spinning of the rotors in the presence of strong
winds, and harnessing the wind energy to propel the ship. The high
prices of diesel have encouraged Enercon to go back to the once
novel Fletnor rotors.
Another green ship called E/S Orcelle conceptualized by Wallenius
Wilhelmsen Logistics is touted as what could possibly be the the world’s
first ever zero emission vessel uses solar and wave energy in addition
to wind energy for propulsion. The energy generated by these three
clean sources can extract hydrogen from water with the aid of fuel
cell technology. Thus, the result is clean energy with only heat and
water as emissions.
E/S is an abbreviated form of environmentally sound ship, and uses
no oil or ballast, and was developed to stimulate research on the use
of alternative energy. The “Orcelle” in the naming of this green ship
was named after an endangered species of dolphins. With the research
carrying on , the vessel shall be launched by 2025.
Another green ship concept under research is the B9 Sail in which the
Cargo ship uses a Dyna-rig sail propulsion to harness wind energy to
meet 60 percent of the energy needs, and the remaining power re-
quirement is met by using a biogas powered Rolls-Royce engine, with
the biogas produced from anaerobic digestion of food waste and other
commercial and industrial organic waste. Similar to E/S Orcelle, this
concept also aligns with the goal of 100% fossil free propulsion.
Another technology that utilizes the harnessing of wind energy to
lower fossil fuel consumption is the Sky sails concept, which uses
towing kites at a height of 100-300metres to propel the ship forward,
rather than using the conventional sails as used in other
technologies mentioned above. Since the towing kites are used as
huge heights, the winds are stronger and wind speeds higher than
for few other green ship technologies. This technology is currently in
use in several cargo ships.
The NYK Super Eco-Ship 2030 , also uses a green ship concept with
the goal of producing emission free electricity for its needs and has
attributes such as an optimized hull for efficient propulsion, equip-
ment to harness both solar and wind energy , and fuel cell technol-
ogy to store the energy. These features contribute to carbon emis-
sion reduction by a whopping 69%..
The Aquarius Ecoship, conceptualized by Eco Marine Power is driven
by both solar and wind energy, in the form of rigid sails and solar PV
panels. Although the need for conventional fuel cannot be eliminated
even with the combination of solar, wind and storage, and the use of
large batteries, emission reduction of upto 40% can be achieved.
STX Eoseas Project is another concept for cruise ships to reduce
emissions and was developed by STX Europe. It uses a sail concept
that harnesses wind energy for propulsion. The project has a clear
goal of reducing emissions of carbon dioxide by 50 percent, NOx
emissions by 90%, making emissions 100% free of sulphur dioxide
and ash, and reducing power consumption by 50 percent.
In 2011, International Maritime Organization ( IMO) adopted two
efficiency measures to address GHG emissions (IMO 2015b):
 the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) sets compulsory
energy efficiency standards for new ships built after 2013,
and
 the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)
requires ships to develop a plan to monitor and possibly
improve their energy efficiency.
Despite efficiency improvements brought about by these measures
and by market forces emissions are projected to increase by 50 to
250 % in the period up to 2050 (IMO 2014).
This trend risks undermining the efforts that are being made in order
to stay on a trajectory that will keep the average global temperature
increase below 2°C compared to pre-industrial levels. Unlike under
ICAO, countries have so far not agreed on an emission limitation or
reduction target in the IMO.
Cutting Edge
19

Policy Dialogue : Pathways towards
Nationally Determined
Contributions and Mid-Century
strategy
A dialogue organized by Council on Energy,
Environment and Water (CEEW) at New Delhi to
discuss the highlights of a CEEW report on
sustainable development, policy and mid century
strategy
by
Suchitra Subramaniyan
The Dialogue was held with the aim to understand and discuss the
future of renewable energy sources, as well as coal in India’s elec-
tricity mix upto 2050, and the probable cost involved to for renew-
able energy integration into the grid; to discuss India’s current progress
towards meeting the non fossil fuel share in electricity part of India’s
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) target; un-
derstanding the uncertainties associated with energy efficiency im-
provements and their implications, along with higher rate of energy
demand growth in India’s end use sectors, such as households, in-
dustries, transport and agriculture;
The Conference thus had a broad goal of discussing the transforma-
tion required for the Indian energy systems to achieve 2 degree com-
patible pathways and insights for a Mid-Century Strategy.
The conference started with a presentation on key insights based on
the uncertainty assessment of more than 220 scenarios in the report,
carried out using the ‘Global Change Assessment Model’. In com-
parison to other reports published on this theme, the CEEW report
aimed to do away with the Deterministic models used for modeling
and laid more stress on probabilistic or stochastic modeling which
also accounted for uncertainties in the estimates, where “uncertain-
ties” refers to cost of new technology in the coming years leading
upto 2030, in energy efficiency measures and the rate of economic
growth.
With regard to the future of renewable energy sources in India’s elec-
tricity mix, three components of Variable Renewable Energy(VRE)
as discussed in the report were elaborated, namely Grid integration
costs, Balancing costs (which includes cost of storage), and Utiliza-
tion effects (which points to a new market design where there is less
utilization of conventional power.
Moreover, to determine a 2 degree compatible growth trajectory, a
techno-economic analysis done established that India has 15% of
the carbon space in the world. This translates to 145Gton of carbon
space in India. With this allocation of space,the CEEW report sug-
gested , that the non fossil fuel energy capacity increase must be
98% in 2050.
Few of the results that emerge from the study are:
 Solar may grow faster in the coming years leading to 2030
 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) will be met,
but at a cost
 The coal price may not decline a lot in the coming ye
In the Keynote address succeeding the release of the CEEW re-
port, leading economist Mr Montek Singh Ahluwalia stressed on the
need to understand the rational basis for deciding the carbon budget
among different countries and the reasoning behind Common But
Differentiated Responsibilities, since even despite this term, there
could be a risk of large costs to one country towards meeting the
NDCs, which could benefit other countries (developed ones) more
than the ones spending the funds. He thus urged the need for an
honest discussion to reach an international agreement of costs.
Stressing on the need to focus on energy efficiency measures in addi-
tion to renewable he urged that for a cleaner atmosphere, much
more attention must be given to energy efficiency rather than the
creation of new capacities of renewable energy. “
He also discussed the importance of the difference between capaci-
ties of non fossil fuel power plants and the actual energy consump-
tion from these. “The numerical value of the installed capacity of
solar is different from the energy or electricity provided by the same
quantity”.
Dr Ahluwalia concluded by suggesting that instead of relying on the
country’s budget to meet the goal of India’s NDCs, the focus should
be on Energy taxation reforms, namely a change in the current re-
gime whereby there is under-taxing of coal and over taxing of petrol
and diesel. This could lead to a reduced consumption of coal. He
also opined that in addition to the current revenues from energy,
India could raise 1% of the GDP specifically towards clean energy
development.
The Keynote speech was succeeded by a Panel Discussion com-
prising a diverse set of panelists such as a Professor from Institute of
Economic Growth, professionals from TERI , IRADe, CPR and
NTPC.
Key Takeaways from the discussion included an acknowledgement
of the fact the solar has grown from subsidy based regime to a situa-
tion where reverse bidding for the technology was now being done,
with a suggestion that faster inclusion of Renewables would be mak-
ing the operation of coal based power plants flexible like the gas
based plants to accommodate mainstreaming of Renewable energy.
It was also expressed that the largest cost for solar is not the balanc-
ing cost (cost of energy storage), but the stranded asset costs, which
includes the cost to DISCOMs due to the renegotiation of the long
term PPAs owing to the rapid decline of the solar tariff costs.
The Discussion ended on identifying the need for a strong regulator
for energy efficiency for the end-consumers, who could be instru-
mental in actively marketing clean energy and spreading awareness
on the various aspects of energy efficiency. It was felt that the con-
versation on energy efficiency should be made understandable to all
stakeholders, from policy-makers to householders.
20 Event

Objectives
The objectives of this scheme include promoting deployment of
windfarms in the exclusive economic zone, achieving energy security
and contributing to reduction in carbon emissions, promoting R&D in
offshore wind and encouraging indigenization of Offshore Wind Tech-
nologies, creating manpower and employment in the industry, devel-
oping infrastructure in coastal areas and creating a supply chain to
support installation of turbines, and facilitate Project EPC and the
operation and Maintenance aspects.
Key Takeaways from policy
According to preliminary studies, wind potential of upto 1GW has
been assessed in Rameshwaram and Kanyakumari, in Tamil Nadu in
southern India.
The policy enlists two maritime areas where offshore wind farms may
be built:
o Indian territorial waters- extending 12 nautical miles from the
baseline
o Exclusive economic zone – including the region beyond Indian
territorial waters, upto 200nm from the baseline
Monitoring agencies
MNRE
Secretary, MNRE, who also heads the Offshore Wind Energy Steering
Committee (OWESC) is responsible for monitoring overall develop-
ment of offshore wind energy in the country.
Responsible for overall monitoring of offshore in the country, super-
vising NIWE activities, coordination with ministries, cooperation with
International entities, and accountability towards tariff setting.
The State Designated Agencies of coastal states wherein the installa-
tions are made, may also be involved in monitoring activities as per the
policy, to plan for logistics and grid connectivity.
NIWE
NIWE’s role includes calling for proposals for offshore wind projects,
and entering into contracts with project developers within EEZ, com-
plying with guidelines laid down by Ministry of Defence(MoD), coor-
dinating resource assessments and surveys in the EEZ facilitating clear-
ances and functions related to staffing, R&D activities, organizing
workshops to enhance awareness and enhancing skill development with
regard to offshore wind energy.
Ministry of Shipping /State Maritime Board /State Government
Providing access to port/port like facilities with infrastructural facili-
ties to enable fabrication work and O&M activities , which will even-
tually be moved to offshore site
Central and State Transmission Utility
Facilitation of land allocation on the shore near wind farm site to set
up substations for power evacuation
The major milestones of the Developmental model for Offshore wind
in the country are:
o Studies and Surveys
National Offshore Policy
On 1st
October 2015, the Indian Government released the country’s first National
Wind Offshore Policy and authorized the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
(MNRE) as the Nodal Ministry for use of offshore areas within the Exclusive economic
zone (EEZ) of India, and designated the National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE) as
the nodal agency for allocation of offshore wind energy blocks, assessments and
surveys, among other development activities.
Under the purview of NIWE, assessments and surveys to understand
the wind resource shall be carried out in order to allocate offshore
wind blocks, where other government agencies, and private players
with expertise in offshore wind studies may be consulted, according to
policy. The MoD guidelines shall be followed for the activities.
o Environmental Impact Assessment
The assessment includes studies regarding aquatic wildlife, fishing com-
munities, navigation, under sea mining etc.
o Request for clearances
Clearances from Ministries Concerned are required before proceeding
to next stages, and in addition the project developer is accountable for
compensating aggrieved communities if any, in case of relocation due
to the project.
o Leasing of Seabed and Wind Block allocations
The offshore wind block shall be offered to the bidder under the “In-
ternational competitive Bidding”(ICB) process, where the bidder is a
company, Joint Venture, or a consortium. NIWE is the nodal agency
responsible for handling allocations and bids, and enters into a con-
tract with the successful bidder. In case the contractor fails to start
commercial production of wind power within a stipulated time, the
lease shall be relinquished.
o Evacuation of Power
A distribution utility/designated agency/private company signs a PPA
with the offshore wind project developer and the purchase is made as
per guidelines of the appropriate Regulatory Commission. On CTU or
STU shall provide infrastructure for power evacuation from offshore
wind site.
o Final Approval for commissioning of Wind farm
NIWE shall certify the commencement of operation of the offshore
wind plant, following which the commissioning may take place.
o Offshore Wind farm security
The project developer is responsible for vulnerability assessment of
site, in addition to providing proof of “comprehensive insurance cov-
erage of installations”. The Headquarter, Offshore Defence Advisory
Group(HQODAG) serves as nodal agency for Defence of offshore
installations within maritime zones of India. It may provide similar
services to MNRE and NIWE for security of offshore wind power
installations.
o Decommissioning
Before a lease is granted by NIWE, the developer is required to submit
a “decommissioning and site restoration programme” to NIWE prior
to the commencement of offshore construction works. In addition to
this, the developer is also required to submit a financial guarantee for
proper decommissioning.
o Incentives under the policy
Incentives include Public Private Partnership, Foreign Direct Invest-
ment (FDI ) in offshore wind energy, utilize the financial incentives
applicable to on shore wind for offshore as well, bundling of power
from onshore and offshore wind energy with conventional power, in
order to reduce the cost of power and thus increase the attractiveness
of wind power.
21Story

The world’s first floating wind farm, the 30 megawatt Hywind Scot-
land, is outperforming expectations and operating at levels consistently
above that of its seabound offshore brethren, according to project de-
veloper Statoil.
This figure
surpasses the
capacity fac-
tor of on-
shore wind
power plants
(36.7%), so-
lar PV power
plants (27%)
and even con-
ventional hy-
dro power
( 4 5 . 2 % )
plants as on
2017.
In early De-
c e m b e r ,
s t o r m
Caroline did
force the
farm to shut
down during
the worst of
the winds for
safety reasons, but the turbines automatically resumed operation af-
terwards. The turbines faced waves as high as 8.2 m
The floating wind turbines
of Scotland
To float or not to float? This was a question for many
countries experimenting with offshore technology. Not
any more! With the Hywind’s and the world’s first
commercial floating wind farm achieving a capacity
factor of 65 percent , in the first quarter of 2018
Statoil, the mega-corporation that operates the wind farm, states that
the numbers for offshore wind turbines are higher during winters, but
the figures would be more consistent regardless of the weather for
offshore turbines placed even further out at sea where the winds blow
more consistently.
Hywind was built
using suction an-
chors with the plat-
form anchored down
into the seabed, thus
eliminating the re-
quirement of fixed
structures under wa-
ter. It has also been
built to sustain
storms without cap-
sizing, as can be
seen from its resis-
tance to wind speeds
as high as 125 kmph
during the violent
Hurricane Ophelia
in October 2017.
Although the tur-
bines shut down dur-
ing the hurricane for
safety reasons, there
was no time lag in the
start of the turbine as soon as the winds had calmed. Statoil and its
partner Masdar look forward to building more floating wind farms as
turbine
India has attracted 35 responses to the expressions of interest
(EoI) invitation for the development of its inaugural 1-GW
offshore wind project. The EoI was launched in April and the
deadline for responses was initially set for May 25 and then
extended to June 8.
The list of EOI participants reproduced by us on page 24 shows
global interest in pursuing Offshore investments and business in
India. Some of the leading international offshore wind developers
such as Ørsted A/S, Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners (CIP),
Innogy SE and Equinor ASA have shown interest. At the same
time, Indian companies such as Inox Wind Ltd and Suzlon Energy
Ltd too have expressed their interest.
Suzlon has been pursuing Offshore opportunity for a long time
and has reportedly also set up LIDAR based measurement sys-
tems off the coast of Kuchch.
MNRE 1 GW Offshore call for EOI
attracts 35 participants
Taiwan has awarded 1.66 GW
offshore wind at as low as USD 73/
MWh (Rs. 4.7/ kWh)
Taiwan has reportedly awarded 1,664 MW of offshore wind capacity
to two developers, with bids ranging from USD 73.4/EUR 63) to
(USD 84.1/EUR 72.1) per MWh).
Canada-based Northland Power Inc and its partner Yushan Energy
Co Ltd of Singapore won 744 MW at two sites. The Hailong 2 project
of 232 MW was awarded at a price of TWD 2,224.5 per MWh, while
Hailong 3 was allocated 512 MW at a price of TWD 2,502.5 per
MWh.
Danish offshore wind developer Ørsted A/S has won 920 MW of
capacity in the auction at TWD 2,548 and TWD 2,548.1 per MWh.
The capacity is located at two sites of the company's Greater Changhua
projects.
Reportedly Seven developers with 12 offshore wind sites competed
for the 1,664 MW available capacity.
22

The Ministry of New & Renewable
Energy (MNRE), Government of
India has worked out an
aggressive program to Off-shore
wind energy. India has a long
coastline of around 7500 km and
large offshore windfarms can be
set up in the Exclusive Economic
Zone that extends up to 360 km
from the coast.
The Country is already harnessing
onshore solar and wind resource
on a large scale and the MNRE
program is in full swing. Offshore
windfarms are being looked upon
as a resource that will meet our
energy needs in the future. A
potential of 300 to 900 GW has
been assessed in the Offshore
region.
Globally, nearly 18 GW capacity
has been set up and the
technology and knowhow has
matured. Now floating offshore
windfarms have also been
successfully set up. The costs of
offshore windfarms are also
declining.
(REWS) is organizing, the first
round table summit on Offshore
wind energy, on 18 September
2018 in New Delhi. It is an invitation
only event.
The Roundtable summit will bring
on a single platform key
stakeholders and interested
parties to the emergent issues and
to come to grips with logistics and
project management.
First round table summit
on off-shore Wind Energy
Tuesday, 18 September 2018 at New Delhi- India
 Present Policy and status
 Different types of foundations
 Data needs
 Survey needs
 Sub-marine characteristics
 Power Evacuation
 Types of Vessels needed
 Environmental Impact
 Operation and Maintenance
 Project Management
For details please contact:
Email : rewelfaresociety@gmail.com
Suchitra:+91- 8826376388
Nayyara: Mob +91-9810825284
23

01. M/s. Van Oord India Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai.
02. M/s. Orstead, Denmark.
03. M/s. Greenko Clean Energy Projects Pvt. Ltd. with Senvion.
04. M/s. Alfanar with Senvion.
05. M/s. Sterlite Power Grid Ventures Ltd. with GET&D India Ltd.
06. M/s. Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners, Denmark.
07. M/s. Greenko Wind Projects Pvt. Ltd. (Greenko Wind) with Siemens Gamesa.
08. M/s. SembCorp Green Infra Ltd. with Senvion, Gurgaon.
09. M/s. SembCorp Green Infra Ltd. with Siemens, Gurgaon.
10. M/s. Engie Energy & Services (I) Pvt. Ltd. Gurugram with MHI Vestas
11. M/s. Mytrah Energy (I) Pvt. Ltd. with GE Wind France SAS
12. M/s. CLP Wind Farms (I) Pvt. Ltd.
13. M/s. Consortium of Offshore wind energy for India (COFWE)/ M/s. Deep water Structures
Inc. – US
14. M/s. PNE Wind AG, Germany
15. M/s. WPD Offshore Solutions GmbH, Germany (2 Proposals submitted on 22.05.2018 &
05.06.2018)
16. M/s. EON Climate & Renewable GmbH, Germany with STMI
17. M/s. Leap Green Energy Pvt. Ltd., Coimbatore with Senvion
18. M/s. Torrent Power and Vaayu (I) Power Corporation Ltd. (Consortium)
19. M/s. Inox Wind India Limited, UP
20 M/s. Terra Form Global (I) Pvt. Ltd. with MHI Vestas, Denmark
21. M/s. Suzlon Energy Ltd., New Delhi with DEME Group, Belgium
22. M/s. Northland Power, Canada
23. M/s. Heerema Marine Contractors, Singapore with Ambico. Group Mumbai
24. M/s. Macquarie Group Services Australia PTY Ltd.,(UK Branch) / M/s. Green Investment,
UK
25. M/s. Mainstream Renewable Power Ltd., Ireland
26. M/s. Innogy Renewable (Windmill Business Park) with Indian Collaborators
27. M/s. I Squared (I) Advisors Pvt. Ltd. with Senvion
28. M/s. Senvion GmbH, Germany
29. M/s. Shell India Markets Pvt. Ltd.
30. M/s. Renew Power with Equinor ASA + Gamesa+ Senvion + Vestas
31. M/s. Renew Power with Gamesa+ Senvion + Vestas
32. M/s. Equnior, Norway
33. M/s. Park Wind, Belgium
34. M/s. Saipem, Italy
35. M/s. Rattan India, New Delhi with GE France SAS and Senvion
List of EOI Participants for 1000MW
Offshore Wind Farm Project
24

Energy pulse vol2 no 1 june 2018

Energy pulse vol2 no 1 june 2018

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