Quantum Confinement Effect, Synthesis and Characterization, Band Gap, Fluorescence, Biosensors, Electrochemcial immunosensing, Bioconjugation and future outlook

9. Future Outlook
• Development of QD lasers at communication wavelengths
• Gain and stimulated emission from QDs in polymers
– Polymeric optoelectronic devices?
• Probe fundamental physics
• Quantum computing schemes (exciton states as qubits)
– Basis for solid-state quantum computing?
• Biological applications
• Material engineering
– How to make QDs cheaply and easily with good control?
• Let’s not forget the electronic applications too!
• Lots to do!
C. Seydel. Quantum dots get wet. Science, 300, p. 80-81, Apr 2003.

10. References
• Books
– Y. Masumoto and T. Takagahara. Semiconductor Quantum Dots: Physics, Spectroscopy, and Applications. New York:
Springer-Verlag, 2002.
– P. Harrison. Quantum Wells, Wires, and Dots: Theoretical and Computational Physics. New York: Wiley, 2000.
– D. Dieter et al. Quantum Dot Heterostructures. New York: Wiley, 1999.
– R.E. Hummel and P. Wibmann. Handbook of Optical Properties vol 2: Optics of Small Particles, Interfaces, and
Surfaces. New York: CRC Press, 1995.
• General
– P. Petroff, A. Lorke, and A. Imamoglu. Epitaxially Self-Assembled Quantum Dots. Physics Today, May 2001.
– F. Julien and A. Alexandrou. Quantum Dots: Controlling Artificial Atoms. Science 282:5393.
– M. Reed. Quantum Dots. Scientific American, p 118-123, Jan 1993.
• Fabrication
– T. Fukui et al. GaAs tetrahedral quantum dot structures fabricated using selective area metal organic chemical vapor
deposition. Appl. Phys. Lett., 58(18), p. 2018-2020, 1991.
– Steigerwald et al. Surface derivation and isolation of semiconductor cluster molecules. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 110(10), p.
3046-3050, 1988.
– A. Scherer and H.G. Craighead. Fabrication of small laterally patterned multiple quantum wells. Appl. Phys. Lett., 49
(19), p. 1284-1286, 1986.